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  • 1
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    Water isotope characteristics of a flood: Brisbane River, Australia (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-22
    Description: Flooding associated with tropical storms can cause extreme perturbations in riverine and coastal ecosystems. Measuring isotope variability of tropical storm events can help investigate the impacts of flooding. We measured the water isotope composition (δD and δ 18 O) of rain and associated floodwater collected during two storms and subsequent major and minor flooding events in the subtropical coast of eastern Australia. Compared to baseline regional rainfall isotope values of -15.0 ± 1.9‰ for δD and -3.3 ± 0.2‰ for δ 18 O, floodwater had lower values with -33.8 ± 2.5‰ δD and -5.1 ± 0.4‰ δ 18 O for the major flood and -29.4 ± 1.0‰ δD and -4.6 ± 0.1‰ δ 18 O for the minor flood. The low isotope composition of the floodwater was associated with the transport of large quantities of suspended sediments, with sediment loads 30 to 70 times larger than during base flow conditions. Floods carried up to 35% of the annual phosphorus and up to 208% of the currently calculated average annual nitrogen load of the Brisbane River. The dramatic changes caused by a rapid increase in discharge from 2 to 2,015 m 3 s -1 over two days in the major flood would have major consequences in riverine and coastal ecosystems of the region. These changes could potentially be traced using the isotope composition of the floodwaters. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Effects of acid washing on stable isotope ratios of C and N in penaeid shrimp and seagrass: Implications for food‐web studies using multiple stable isotopes (2003)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Description: We investigated the effects of acid washing on the carbon and nitrogen composition and stable isotope ratios of C and N in shrimp (Metapenaeus spp.) and seagrass (Enhalus acoroides). Acid washing did not affect the mean δ13C ratios for juvenile Metapenaeus moyebi and resulted in only an ecologically insignificant change (0.3‰) in mean δ13C ratios for larger Metapenaeus bennettae. In contrast, acid washing increased the mean δ15N signatures of shrimp tissue (∼ 3‰) and decreased that of seagrass (∼1.8‰) to a degree that may confound the interpretation of food webs. The increase in %C and %N in both shrimp and seagrass after acid washing suggests that the changes in isotope ratios are due to loss of molecules comparatively low in C and N. Treating samples by acid washing also resulted in an increase in the variation among individuals for both δ15N and δ13C, which would lead to a loss of statistical power for testing differences between species, sites, or seasons.
    Print ISSN: 0024-3590
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5590
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).
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  • 3
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    Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-01
    Description: Protecting the world's freshwater resources requires diagnosing threats over a broad range of scales, from global to local. Here we present the first worldwide synthesis to jointly consider human and biodiversity perspectives on water security using a spatial framework that quantifies multiple stressors and accounts for downstream impacts. We find that nearly 80% of the world's population is exposed to high levels of threat to water security. Massive investment in water technology enables rich nations to offset high stressor levels without remedying their underlying causes, whereas less wealthy nations remain vulnerable. A similar lack of precautionary investment jeopardizes biodiversity, with habitats associated with 65% of continental discharge classified as moderately to highly threatened. The cumulative threat framework offers a tool for prioritizing policy and management responses to this crisis, and underscores the necessity of limiting threats at their source instead of through costly remediation of symptoms in order to assure global water security for both humans and freshwater biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vorosmarty, C J -- McIntyre, P B -- Gessner, M O -- Dudgeon, D -- Prusevich, A -- Green, P -- Glidden, S -- Bunn, S E -- Sullivan, C A -- Liermann, C Reidy -- Davies, P M -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 30;467(7315):555-61. doi: 10.1038/nature09440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Environmental CrossRoads Initiative, City University of New York, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10035, USA. contact@riverthreat.net〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20882010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods/*statistics & numerical data ; Fisheries ; Geography ; *Internationality ; Population Density ; *Rivers ; *Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    WATER. Fresh water goes global (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vorosmarty, C J -- Hoekstra, A Y -- Bunn, S E -- Conway, D -- Gupta, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 31;349(6247):478-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aac6009. Epub 2015 Jul 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, USA. Charles.Vorosmarty@asrc.cuny.edu. ; Twente Water Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands. ; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia. ; London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. ; Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Drinking Water ; *Fresh Water ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; *Policy Making ; Water Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are mangroves and seagrasses sources of organic carbon for penaeid prawns in a tropical Australian estuary? A multiple stable-isotope study (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 130 (1997), S. 289-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We used multiple stable-isotope analysis to investigate the importance of seagrasses, mangroves and other primary sources (macroalgae, seston) to the food webs supporting penaeid prawns in the Embley River estuary and adjacent off-shore waters in the north-eastern Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Mangroves, seagrass and macroalgae/seston were well separated on the basis of their δ13C values in both the dry and the wet seasons. In contrast, only macroalgae and seston (phytoplankton and zooplankton), which had similar δ13C values, were separated by their δ15N values. The primary source of carbon supporting food webs of several species of juvenile penaeid prawns clearly depended on the location within the estuary. The δ13C values of juvenile prawns (Penaeus esculentus, P. semisulcatus and Metapenaeus spp.) in seagrass beds were close to those of seagrass and seagrass epiphytes, particularly in the dry season. This was despite the proximity of the seagrass to mangroves and the presence of mangrove detritus in the seagrass beds. Juvenile prawns (P. merguiensis, P. semisulcatus, and Metapenaeus spp.) in an upstream mangrove creek had δ13C values that were midway between those of mangroves and seagrass, and close to those of macroalgae and seston during the dry season. Mangroves could have made a significant contribution to the carbon assimilated by juvenile prawns at this site, but only if it is assumed that the remainder of the carbon is ultimately derived from a seagrass source. The δ13C values of adults of three species of prawns in offshore waters were very similar and were much higher than those of mangroves. The considerable amount of mangrove/terrestrial carbon exported from tropical Australian estuaries during the wet season is therefore unlikely to contribute to offshore food webs supporting adult prawns. Furthermore, the contribution of mangrove/terrestrial sources to the food webs of juvenile prawns appears to be limited to a very small spatial scale – within the mangrove fringe of small creeks and mainly during the wet season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050248
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial and temporal variation in the macroinvertebrate fauna of streams of the northern jarrah forest, Western Australia: community structure (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 16 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. Streams of the northern jarrah forest, Western Australia, were sampled at twelve sites from December 1981 to December 1982 to examine spatial and temporal changes in the structure of the macroinvertebrate community.2. The climate of this region is quite predictable by Australian standards and each year a hot, dry summer is followed by a mild, wet winter. Highest stream discharge occurs during winter (June-November) reducing to negligible flow over late summer and autumn (January-May). The low flows in summer were associated with warm water, lower dissolved oxygen, increased concentrations of cations and, in many cases, lower pH.3. Temporal changes in abundance, diversity and evenness indicated that the invertebrate fauna became dominated by a few taxa during the summer months. Major spatial and temporal changes in the composition of the fauna were detected by classification and ordination. Summer and winter faunas were identified at most sites and were clearly associated with the seasonal changes in the physical and chemical environment. This seasonality is not typical of stream systems previously studied in Australia. Large spatial differences also occurred over small distances among sites in two similar-sized forested catchments.4. Multiple discriminant analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that velocity and depth were highly associated with the observed temporal changes in the fauna, though other variables, including concentrations of cations and water temperature, were also important. Spatial differences were correlated with concentrations of cations which may simply reflect differences in the geologies of the catchments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1986.tb00949.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of invasive macrophytes on channel morphology and hydrology in an open tropical lowland stream, and potential control by riparian shading (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 39 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. The catchments of many tropical lowland streams in far north Queensland have been extensively cleared for the cultivation of sugar cane to the extent where very little of the native riparian vegetation remains. Stream channels are often choked by a matrix of introduced pasture grass (Brachiaria mutica, or para grass) and accumulated sediment from cropland erosion.2. Detailed transects across Bamboo Creek, a fourth order cane-land stream, revealed an estimated sediment load of 20 000 t km–1. This has resulted in an estimated 85% reduction in the predicted bankful discharge of the original stream channel. Channel capacity has been reduced from 2.3 times to 0.3 times the predicted Q50 flood discharge of 140 m3 s–1.3. Shade cloth treatments of 50% and 90% across the stream were used to mimic the effect of shading by riparian vegetation. Three months of shading resulted in a substantial reduction in the height and standing biomass of para grass in both shade treatments, compared to open plots (0% shade). The most dramatic effect was in the 90% treatment, where a mean reduction of 63% in height and 52% in total biomass was recorded. This was despite high net primary production of para grass in the open plots of 2.8 g dry wt m–2 day–1, which resulted in a overall increase of 11% and 28% in plant height and total biomass, respectively.4. These data suggest that restoration of native riparian vegetation will be an effective long-term means of controlling invasive macrophytes in disturbed cane-land stream channels. Reduction of excessive macrophyte growth and the mobilisation of accumulated sediment are essential to the restoration of natural hydrological and ecological processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1998.00264.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecosystem measures of river health and their response to riparian and catchment degradation (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Freshwater biology 41 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Measurements of ecological patterns are often used as primary biological indicators of river health. However, these patterns provide little information about important stream ecosystem processes (e.g. the sources and fate of energy and nutrients). The direct measurement of these processes is considered fundamental to the determination of the health of stream and river ecosystems.2. In this paper we used two basic approaches to assess stream ecosystem response to catchment disturbance and, particularly, to the loss of riparian vegetation in different forested biomes across Australia. Benthic gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R24) provided measures of the amounts of organic carbon produced and consumed within the system, respectively. Stable isotope analysis was used to trace the fate of terrestrial and instream sources of organic matter in the aquatic food web. In a focal catchment in SE Queensland, additional measurements were taken of riparian attributes, catchment features and water quality.3. Baseline measurements of GPP and R24 from undisturbed forest streams provided reference values for healthy streams for comparison with sites where the catchment or riparian vegetation had been disturbed. These values of metabolism were low by world standards in all biomes examined. Preliminary data from the Mary River catchment in SE Queensland indicated that these parameters were sensitive to variations in riparian canopy cover and, to a lesser extent, catchment clearing, and predictive models were developed. The ratio P : R (GPP : R24) was used to determine whether sites were net consumers (P 〈 R) or producers (P 〉 R) of carbon but this was not considered a reliable indicator of stream health on its own.4. Although forest streams were typically net consumers of carbon (P 〈 〈 R), stable isotope analysis of metazoan food webs indicated a high dependence on inconspicuous epilithic algae in some biomes.5. A dramatic decline in the health of forest streams was observed when GPP substantially exceeded R24, especially when instream primary producers shifted from palatable unicellular algae to prolific filamentous green algae and macrophytes. These sources of instream production do not appear to enter aquatic food webs, either directly through grazing or indirectly through a detrital loop. Accumulation of these plants has led to changes in channel morphology, loss of aquatic habitat and often a major decline in water quality in some of the streams studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00434.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability of fish diets between dry and flood periods in an arid zone floodplain river (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The fish assemblages of an arid zone floodplain river, Cooper Creek, Queensland, Australia, were sampled during two dry periods in isolated waterholes and on the inundated floodplain during the early and late phase of a major flood event. Diets were described for nine native species and compared within and between dry and flood periods. In the dry season, when fishes were restricted to waterholes, diets were characteristically simple with narrow diet breadths. Movement onto the floodplain during flooding clearly increased feeding opportunities, with greater diet breadths evident in all species. Despite obvious potential for terrestrial inputs, diets tended to be dominated by aquatic resources in both the waterholes and on the floodplain. Stomach fullness, however, varied little between dry season waterhole and floodplain samples. Fishes appeared to feed on potentially lower value resources such as detritus and calanoid copepods during the dry season, when waterholes were isolated and food resources were limited. They were then able to capitalize on the ‘boom’ of aquatic production and more diverse food resources associated with episodic flood events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00858.x
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  • 10
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    A hierarchical analysis of the genetic structure of an aquatic insect Bungona (Baetidae: Ephemeroptera) (2000)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-067X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2540
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature
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