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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution A taste for mimicry (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 433 (2005), S. 205-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Darwin saw mimicry — strong visual resemblances between unrelated species — as an excellent test case for his theories of natural selection. The phenomenon continues to exercise evolutionary biologists today, with the latest salvo coming from Skelhorn and Rowe. Writing in Proceedings of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/433205a
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Animal behaviour Evolution of suicidal signals (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 416 (2002), S. 375-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Many animals have warning coloration to show that they are best avoided by predators. How such signals initially evolve is a mystery that has entertained biologists for some years. Thomas Sherratt, writing in Proceedings of the Royal Society, has provided a new and plausible way of tackling the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/416375a
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seston capture by Hydropsyche siltalai and the accuracy of capture efficiency estimates (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 50 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Suspension feeding by caseless caddisfly larvae (Trichoptera) constitutes a major pathway for energy flow, and strongly influences productivity, in streams and rivers.2. Consideration of the impact of these animals on lotic ecosystems has been strongly influenced by a single study investigating the efficiency of particle capture of nets built by one species of hydropsychid caddisfly.3. Using water sampling techniques at appropriate spatial scales, and taking greater consideration of local hydrodynamics than previously, we examined the size-frequency distribution of particles captured by the nets of Hydropsyche siltalai. Our results confirm that capture nets are selective in terms of particle size, and in addition suggest that this selectivity is for particles likely to provide the most energy.4. By incorporating estimates of flow diversion around the nets of caseless caddisfly larvae, we show that capture efficiency (CE) is considerably higher than previously estimated, and conclude that more consideration of local hydrodynamics is needed to evaluate the efficiency of particle capture.5. We use our results to postulate a mechanistic explanation for a recent example of interspecific facilitation, whereby a reduction of near-bed velocities seen in single species monocultures leads to increased capture rates and local depletion of seston within the region of reduced velocity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01311.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density-dependent migration and stability in a system of linked populations (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 58 (1996), S. 643-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of adding density-dependent migration between nearest neighbour populations of a single discrete-generation species in a chain of habitat fragments is investigated. The larger the population on a particular habitat fragment, the greater the fraction of inhabitants who migrate before reproducing. It has previously been shown for similar models with density-independent migration that coupling populations in this way has no effect on the stability of these populations. Here, it is demonstrated that this effect is also generally true if migration is density-dependent. However, if the migration rate is large enough and has density dependence of the correct form, then the steady state (with all the populations remaining at the same constant value through time) can be destabilised. The conditions for this to occur are obtained analytically. When this “destabilisation” occurs, the system settles down to an alternative steady state where half of the populations take one constant value which is below that of an equivalent isolated system, and the other populations all share a population value which is greater than the steady state of the isolated populations. Once this configuration is reached, the population size on each patch remains constant over time. hence the change might more properly be described as a decrease in homogeneity rather than in stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459477
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does practice shape the brain? (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 394 (1998), S. 434-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Pantev et al. (Nature 392, 811–814; 1998) suggest that the degree of cortical reorganization and enhancement of the cortical response to musical notes depends on the age at which musicians first begin learning to play an instrument. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/28775
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mimicry Sheep in wolves' clothing (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 394 (1998), S. 833-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Avoiding being eaten is a vital activity for many animals. They can in part do so by looking like other, unpalatable species, and the study of this strategy (known as mimicry) has a long and distinguished pedigree — so long, in fact, that from the textbooks one might think that the topic was ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/29652
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The intensity of interference varies with food density: support for behaviour-based models of interference (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 108 (1996), S. 446-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Interference ; Competition ; Resource density ; Foraging theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dolman (1995) measured the intake rates of snow buntings feeding on seed patches at difference bird densities, for each of two different seed densities. Interference occurred in the low food density treatment, with intake rate declining at high bird densities, but did not occur in the high food density treatment. Dolman states that existing models of the interference process assume that the intensity of interference is independent of food density. While this statement is true for the model of Hassell and Varley (1969), we show that behaviour-based models of interference do not assume that interference is independent of food density. We examine two simple analytic behaviour-based models of interference and show that, in agreement with Dolman's observations, intensity of interference is predicted to decrease with increasing food density. Dolman plotted log (intake rate) against log (bird density). Rather than obtaining a linear relationship predicted by the Hassell and Varley model, the results from the low seed density treatment indicated a curvilinear relationship consistent with those produced by our behaviour-based models. These results provide support for the use of behaviour-based models of interference over the model of Hassell and Varley.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333720
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlling spatial chaos in metapopulations with long-range dispersal (1997)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 59 (1997), S. 497-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We propose two methods to control spatial chaos in an ecological metapopulation model with long-range dispersal. The metapopulation model consists of local populations living in a patchily distributed habitat. The habitat patches are arranged in a one-dimensional array. In each generation, density-dependent reproduction occurs first in each patch. Then individuals disperse according to a Gaussian distribution. The model corresponds to a chain of coupled oscillators with long-range interactions. It exhibits chaos for a broad range of parameters. The proposed control methods are based on the method described by Güémez and Matías for single difference equations. The methods work by adjusting the local population sizes in a selected subset of all patches. In the first method (pulse control), the adjustments are made periodically at regular time intervals, and consist of always removing (or adding) a fixed proportion of the local populations. In the second method (wave control), the adjustments are made in every generation, but the proportion of the local population that is affected by the control changes sinusoidally. As long as dispersal distances are not too low, these perturbations can drive chaotic metapopulations to cyclic orbits whose period is a multiple of the control period. we discuss the influence of the magnitude of the pulses and wave amplitudes, and of the number and the distribution of controlled patches on the effectiveness of control. When the controls start to break down, interesting dynamic phenomena such as intermittent chaos can be observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459462
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are attentive mothers preferentially parasitised? (1999)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 46 (1999), S. 71-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050594
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  • 10
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    Optimizing countershading camouflage (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-02
    Description: Countershading, the widespread tendency of animals to be darker on the side that receives strongest illumination, has classically been explained as an adaptation for camouflage: obliterating cues to 3D shape and enhancing background matching. However, there have only been two quantitative tests of whether the patterns observed in different species match the optimal shading to obliterate 3D cues, and no tests of whether optimal countershading actually improves concealment or survival. We use a mathematical model of the light field to predict the optimal countershading for concealment that is specific to the light environment and then test this prediction with correspondingly patterned model “caterpillars” exposed to avian predation in the field. We show that the optimal countershading is strongly illumination-dependent. A relatively sharp transition in surface patterning from dark to light is only optimal under direct solar illumination; if there is diffuse illumination from cloudy skies or shade, the pattern provides no advantage over homogeneous background-matching coloration. Conversely, a smoother gradation between dark and light is optimal under cloudy skies or shade. The demonstration of these illumination-dependent effects of different countershading patterns on predation risk strongly supports the comparative evidence showing that the type of countershading varies with light environment.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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