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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 6 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: One-year-old Finnish rainbow trout were reared for six months at eight different densities with between 16 and 111 specimens per m2 and between 37 and 493 specimens per m3, respectively. Average initial weights varied between 125 and 148 grammes and the average final weights between 298 and 413 grammes. Statistically significant differences were observed between the highest and the lowest rearing densities when tested against the final weight and final length. The condition of fins also differed significantly, indicating a rearing density under 50 kg/m3 as a safety limit for the final density. However, a slight depression in growth may appear already at lower densities.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Zusammenfassung Einfluβ der Besatzdichte auf das Wachstum der finnischen Regenbogenforelle(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792)Einjährige finnische Regenbogenforellen wurden sechs Monate lang in acht verschiedenen Besatzdichten zwischen 16 und 111 Fischen pro m2 bzw. zwischen 37 und 493 Fischen pro m3 gezüchtet. Das durchschnittliche Gewicht am Versuchsanfang variierte zwischen 125 und 148 g und am Versuchsende zwischen 298 und 413 g. Statistisch signifikante Unterschiede wurden zwischen der größten und der niedrigsten Besatzdichte beobachtet beim Testen ihrer Gewichte und Gesamtlängen am Versuchsende. Der Zustand der Flossen war ebenfalls signifikant verschieden und zeigte, daß eine Besatzdichte unter 50 kg pro m3 aus Sicherheitsgründen bei der Aufzucht der Regenbogenforelle gewählt werden sollte. Allerdings kann eine Verringerung des Wachstums schon bei geringeren Dichten auftreten.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Résumé Effects de la densité d'élevage sur la croissance de la truite arc-en-ciel finlandaise(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaun 1792)Des truites arc-en-ciel finlandaises d'un an ont étéélevées pendant six mois sà des densitis différentes entre 16 et 111 spécimens par m2 et entre 37 et 493 secémeins par m3 respectivement. Le poids initial moyen variait entre 125 et 148 grammes et le poids final moyen entre 298 et 413 grammes. Des différences statistiquement significatives ont été observées entre les densités d'élevage les lus élevées et les densités les plus basses. La condition des nageoires différait également de façon signigcative, montrant quea, pour des raisons de sécurité, une densité d'élevage en dessous de 50 kg par m3 devrait être choisie. Une légère dépression en croissance peut cependant déjsà apparaître sà des densités plus basses.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 49 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Long-term voluntary-feeding experiments were carried out on farmed, 2-year-old rainbow trout offered a commercial dry feed, or chopped low-fat Baltic herring. Despite large differences in dietary water, protein and lipid content, the trout adjusted their intake to consume similar amounts of dry matter. After an 18-week trial, the stomach volumes of the herring-fed trout were significantly larger (30–35%) than those fed on the dry diet. Greatest differences were observed when fish were fed one meal per day; increasing the number of daily feeding opportunities reduced these expected stomach volumes on each diet by 15–20%. The relative increase in stomach volume was shown to be due to growth of the cardiac stomach region (corpus) rather than the pyloric region, and not to muscle relaxation; the change was completed within 10 weeks. Data were collected in a separate study to investigate stomach size in fish (age 0+, 1+, 2+) of similar genetic backgrounds which had been grown using dry pelleted diets. Despite considerable variation between populations, stomach volume to body weight relationship was allometric (S = a Wb) with the exponent in the range of 0.3–0.4.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 32 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 32 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 30 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture nutrition 10 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Determination of the optimal protein-to-energy ratio of fish feed is used as an example of how to improve the efficiency of experimental designs for feed formulation research. Studying one variable at a time is inefficient and lacks information on interactions between feed components. Even sound designs, such as full factorials, may fail in feed formulation studies because often two or more factors are implicitly confounded. A class of response surface methodology, namely designs for mixture experiments, is well suited for feed formulation problems and ensures that results are readily applicable to the feed industry. Combined with some criteria for searching the optimal runs for the experiment, mixture designs can improve the efficacy of resource use and diminish risks of inference and decision-making in fish feed research and development.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of tank bottom substrates and presence of shelter on growth, survival and condition of cheliped in the juvenile (stage 2) signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana), with an initial stocking density of 200 individuals m−2 were investigated. In the first trial, three different tank bottom substrates with or without shelter were used. The three bottom types were loose gravel, glued gravel and bare bottom. The fastest growth both in terms of wet weight and carapace length was observed on loose gravel bottom. Also survival (range 30.1% to 49.8%) was affected by bottom type being higher on gravel bottoms than on bare bottom. Shelter improved survival only on loose gravel bottom. Bottom type influenced also the number of animals with cheliped injuries. The highest proportion of animals with no injuries (59.5%) was found on bare bottom and the proportion was about 12% and 13% units less on loose gravel and on glued gravel bottom. The presence of shelter had a marginal probability in increasing the number of animals without injuries. In the second trial, the substitution of ordinary gravel as tank bottom substrate with crushed limestone was studied. The mean final wet weights were 0.517 g on ordinary gravel bottom and 0.481 g on limestone bottom. The survivals were about 74% and 80% respectively. Limestone bottom decreased marginally final wet weight, and increased survival but did not affect the final carapace length that had a mean value of 13.6 mm. We conclude from the present experiments that the type of tanks and the rearing system used supported good growth of juvenile signal crayfish. The best growth results could be obtained by using loose gravel (or loose limestone) on the bottom of the tanks with a sufficient quantity of hiding places. However, there appears to be an increased risk for cheliped injuries on bottoms with loose materials.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquaculture 105 (1992), S. 353-362 
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 8 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Independent of temperature, the effect of altered photoeriodic rhythm on the growth of a Finnish rainbow trout stock was studied. It was assumed that iP such a seasonal effect exists it may be most clearly demonstrated by delaying the photoperiodic rhythm before and at growth maximum during the warm late summer in Finland. The daily growth rate, condition factor and isometric indices differed significantly from the control group in the photoperiodic treatments, but the markedly higher variation in the control group compared to the other groups and the lack of replicate tanks make the statistical examination somewhat unreliable. Rainbow trout growth may be slowed b delaying the photoperiod, which indicates that a seasonal growth factor does exist. Implementation or the results and the need for further studies are discussed on the basis of the present study.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Zusammenfassung Einfluß einer verzögerten Photoperiode auf das Wachstum eines finnischen Bestandes der Regenbogenforelle (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum).Die temperaturunabhängige Einwirkung eines veränderten photoperiodischen Rhythmuses auf das Wachstum eines finnischen Regenbogenforellenstammes wurde untersucht. Es wurde angenommen, daß bei Existenz einer solchen jahreszeitlichen Einwirkung dieser Effekt am deutlichsten gezeigt werden kann, wenn der photoperiodische Rhythmus vor und während des Wachstumsmaximums in den warmen Spätsommer manipuliert wird. Die tägliche Wachstumsrate, der Konditionsfaktor und der isometriscge Index der photoperiodischen Behandlungen waren signifikant abweichend von denen der Kontrollgruppe. Die bemerkenswert höhere Variation in der Kontrollgruppe im Vergleich mit den anderen Versuchen und der Mangel an Relikaten machen aber die statistische Untersuchung etwas unsicher. Das Wachstum der Regenbogentrelle kann mit einer verspateten Photoperiode verzögert werden. Dies bedeutet, daß ein jahreszeitlicher Wachstumsfaktor existiert. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse und das mögliche weitere Vorgehen in den Untersuchungen wird diskutiert.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 8 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: For growth modelling and selective breeding purposes, as well as for eliminating possible negative effects of size differences in the rearing groups, it is crucial that there is a seasonafly or nutritionally dependent masking factor which can be variously shared after size grading. This study was designed to observe whether fish have, independent of size grading, a seasonal “memory” of their earlier growth. Two groups of one-summer-old rainbow trouts were reared for the experiment with the aim that they have the same average weight, but a different “path” or “growth history” background to reach this weight. The seasonally and nutritionally depedent fluctuation of rainbow trout growth may be significant, affecting the interpretation of the growth experiment. According to this study, it is not possible to entirely eliminate this factor by size grading of the fish. This factor may be called the “memory” of the earlier “growth history” of the fish. Experiments for comparing growth rates, e.g., for selective breeding purposes, should be planned in a way that differences in feeding or changes in the size distribution, and hence in the social structure of tie fish group, do not affect the results.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Zusammenfassung Effekte der “Wachstumsvorgeschichte” auf das aktuelle Wachstum des finnischen Regenbogenforellen-(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) BestandesFür Wachstumsmodelle und Selektionsprogramme sowie für die Eliminierung möglicher neativer größenabhängiger Effekte in Aufzuchtgrupen, ist die Kenntnis eines saisonal oder ernährungs-physiologisch abhängigen Maskierungsfaktors, der unterschiedlich nach Größensortierung verteilt sein kann, wichtig. Diese Untersuchung wurde angeleft, urn zu prüfen, ob Fische unabhängig von der Größensortierung ein saisonales “Gedächtnis” ihres früheren Wachstums haben. Zwei Gruppen einsommeriger Regenbogenforellen wurden mit dem für dieses Experiment vorgegebenen Ziel aufgezoen, daß sie zwar bei Versuchsbeginn das gleiche mittlere Gewicht aufwiesen, dieses aber uber verschiefene “Wege” oder “Wachstumsgeschichte” erreichten. Die saisonal und ernährungsphysiologisch abhänige Fluktuation des Forellenwachstums kann signifikant sein, und damit die Interpretation von Wachstumsexperimenten beeinflussen. Die Studie zeigt, daß dieser Faktor durch Gruppensortierung nicht völlig ausgeschaltet werden kann. Er könnte als das “Gedächtnis” der Wachstumsvorgeschichte bezeichnet werden. Experimente, die Wachstumsraten vergleichen (wie z. B. Selektionsprogramme), sollten so geplant werden, daß Unterschiede in der Fütterung oder Anderungen in der Größenverteilung (und damit auch in der Sozialstruktur der Fischgruppen) nicht die Ergebnisse beeinflussen können.
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