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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1997-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2010-07-27
    Description: SUMMARYThe development of organic agriculture has raised the demand for crop varieties well-adapted to organic farming systems. Most of the varieties presently cultivated in organic agriculture were developed from conventional breeding programmes. The objective of the present work was to study the adaptability to organic farming systems of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties developed from conventional breeding programmes. Twenty varieties were evaluated over five environments under organic and conventional farming systems from 2005 to 2007. Genotype×system interactions (GSI) for grain yield were significantly different in four out of the five environments and GSI explained 0·03–0·17 of the variance. Spearman's rank correlation index of the 20 varieties between the conventional and organic system ranged from 0·27 to 0·93 in the five environments. Direct selection of the top five varieties in organic systems resulted in significantly higher grain yields than indirect selection in one out of the five environments. However, among the top five varieties, the highest yielding varieties under conventional farming systems were not always the highest yielding varieties under organic farming systems. These results indicate that the demands of organic agriculture for yield performance could be only partially satisfied by varieties developed under conventional breeding programmes.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effect of the parental genotypes and colchicine treatment on the androgenic response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) F1 hybrids was studied. For this, anthers from three F1 hybrids and their parents were cultured on W14 initiation medium and W14 supplemented with 0.03% colchicine. The number of responding anthers, microspore-derived structures/100 anthers, green plants/embryos cultured, green plants/100 anthers and albino plants/100 anthers were recorded. It was observed that embryo formation and plant regeneration ability were genetically controlled and genotype dependent. In both treatments the variety Kavkaz had a significantly higher percentage of responding anthers, microspore-derived structures and green plants/100 anthers than the other genotypes. On the other hand, the variety Myconos also demonstrated high microspore-derived structure production and green plant regeneration when treated with colchicine. The good response observed in these two varieties indicates the importance of colchicine treatment only for certain genotypes. Green plant production capacity of the hybrids was intermediate to that of the parental varieties. As one parent with a high or even an intermediate response to anther culture could lead to the production of sufficient (for breeding purposes) green plants from the F1 hybrids, it was concluded that screening the inbred lines for the response to anther culture with and without colchicine treatment could contribute to utilization of breeding material with a low response to anther culture via the proper hybrid combinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 110 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The rate of early embryo-sac development was studied in seven faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars grown in a controlled environment. The embryo-sac stage was determined from the number of endosperm nuclei per embryo-sac and the number of embryo cells during the first 12 days after pollination. Differences in early embryo-sac development were observed between the genotypes studied.In addition, five different V. faba×V. narbonensis crosses and reciprocals were made using genotypes with small differences in mean endosperm cell cycle time and genotypes with large differences. The percentage of success (pod set) in V. faba×V. narbonensis crosses ranged between 9 % and 59 % while in the reciprocals it ranged from 12 % up to 30 %. However, cytological studies showed that the high percentage of success (pod set) observed in the cross A-107 × A-202 was not associated with a higher percentage of interspecific hybrid embryos.The results indicate that genotypes of the two species with smaller differences in mean endosperm cell cycle time result neither in a higher percentage pod set nor in bigger hybrid embryos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 103 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The early endosperm development in seven Vicia narbonensis populations was studied under a 23/ 16 ° C day/night temperature regime. Double fertilization occurred in less than 24 h after pollination. Endosperm divisions were synchronous until the 8th division of the endosperm nuclei. Aberrant endosperm nuclei were first observed alter the 8th division and their number increased after the 10th division. Endosperm nuclei continued to divide until the 12th day after pollination. During the following days a decrease in the number of endosperm nuclei was observed together with a substantial increase in the number of aberrants. Endosperm nuclei finally disintegrated. Neither cellularization nor starch deposition was observed in the endosperm. A positive correlation (r 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:01799541:PBR336:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 0.69) was recorded between early pod length and the number of endosperm nuclei found in the ovules within each pod.In the populations studied the number of endosperm nuclei increased at a steady but different rate. This was followed by embryo development as well. It was concluded that intraspecific variation in the mean endosperm cell cycle time exists in Vicia narbonensis and that populations A 174 and A 202 should be more compatible to Vicia faba ev. ‘Polycarpe’ than population A 201.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 107 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Early embryo-sac development in two faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars (A-108 and A-151) was studied under a 23/16°C day/night temperature regime. Endosperm nuclei divided synchronously during the first 8 divisions and produced normal nuclei. Aberrant endosperm nuclei were first observed after the 7th division and their number increased rapidly after the 10th division. Endosperm nuclei continued to divide until the 18th day after pollination. During the following days the endosperm nuclei decreased in number and finally disintegrated. Neither cellularization nor starch deposition was observed in the endosperm. It was concluded that early embryo-sac development in Vicia faba was different from V. narbonensis only in that the mean endosperm cell cycle time in V. faba was longer than in V. narbonensis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effect of colchicine added to induction medium for the production of fertile doubled haploid plants after in-vitro anther culture was studied in wheat, Triticum aestivum L. For this, one winter and two spring wheat varieties were used. Anther cultures of the three genotypes were treated with 0.03% colchicine for 3 days at the beginning of microspore induction. Colchicine had no significant effect on anther response and embryoid production of the genotypes examined. However, in the winter wheat genotype ‘Mv Szigma’, colchicine caused a significant reduction in microspore-derived structures. A significant decrease was also observed in plant regeneration ability of two genotypes (‘Vergina’ and ‘Acheloos’) after colchicine treatment. In addition, a significant reduction of the albinos produced was observed in all genotypes after olchicine treatment. In contrast, the regenerants obtained from the colchicine-supplemented induction media produced significantly higher percentages of fertile plants in all genotypes. However, the level of fertility, was significantly different among the fertile plants obtained. This, together with the observation that in the case of the winter wheat variety the colchicine treatment resulted in 100% completely fertile plants with a high seed-setting ability indicate that there is space for further improvement of the method when it is applied to spring cultivars. Finally, the increased number of seeds per 100 plated anthers obtained from all three genotypes after colchicine treatment, clearly demonstrates that the addition of colchicine to induction medium was superior to the conventional anther culture method and it could therefore be introduced into wheat breeding programmes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three Greek eggplant cultivars, ‘Langada’, ‘Tsakoniki’ and ‘Emi’ (2n= 24), were crossed with two wild species (Solanum torvum Sw., 2n= 24 and Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., 2n= 24). Ovules isolated 15-27 days after pollination were cultured in a modified MS medium at 24°C and a 16h photoperiod. Fifty days later, the ovules were dissected and the interspecific embryos were cultured in the same medium. Interspecific hybrids were achieved only from crosses between the eggplant cultivars and S. torvum. The hybridity of the putative interspecific F1 hybrid (Solanum melongena×S. torvum) was confirmed by using morphological and biochemical (isozyme isocitrate dehydrogenase A, phosphoglucomutase A, phosphoglucose isomerase B, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase A, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase B) markers. The F1 plants (‘Langada’×S. torvum) were selfpollinated and backcrossed to both parents. Fruits, however, were produced only when the F1 hybrid was backcrossed as female with the eggplant cultivar ‘Langada’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 116 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Interspecific F1 hybrids were produced after artificial intercrossing of six Sideritis species indigenous to Greece, namely: S. athoa, S. euboea, S. syriaca, S. raeseri, S. scardica, S. clandestina and a cultivated clone of S. raeseri. It was found that all species cross with each other, but the level of crossability varied with the cross-combination. In the yield evaluation experiments, the interspecific hybrids with a common female parent were considered as a group. It was observed that yield during the year of establishment was relatively low, but the interspecific hybrids out-yielded the control in both fresh and dry weight. All hybrids produced higher yields in the following years and their productivity started to decline after the fifth year. All hybrids produced higher yields than the control in all six years of the experiment. The highest yield over the years, in fresh and dry weight, was produced by the group Sideritis raeseri cultivated clone (cc) ×Sideritis spp. This yield, however, was not always significantly different from the yield produced by the second in the rank group (S. clandestina×Sideritis spp.). A high correlation (r 〉 0.99) between fresh and dry weight was observed. The two groups with the highest yield also had the highest essential oil content. In addition, all the interspecific hybrids had a higher essential oil content than the control species. Furthermore, the essential oil content of the selected individual hybrid plants ranged between the midparental value to a value higher than the high-parental species, indicating an additive and dominance gene action. It was also found that the content of the essential oil in the seven most important components (pinene, lemonene, cynene, menthone, copaene, caryophyllene and valerianic ester) varied from hybrid to hybrid. Given that Sideritis reproduces mainly asexually, the direct use of individual interspecific hybrids with higher yield and content in essential oil than the control species is possible in cultivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 107 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks old were inoculated at different internodes by carrot root pieces colonized by the fungus Sclerotinia trifoliorum Eriks. The plants were left in the growth chamber for 72 h. In addition, eight faba bean cultivars, 4 weeks old, were inoculated by the same inoculum which was left on the stems for various lengths of time. When the inoculum was removed, the plants were scored for disease severity. The highest disease seventy was on the youngest tissues inoculated. Susceptible and partially-resistant cul-tivars could be differentiated effectively when the inoculum was removed 48 to 72 hours after the inoculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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