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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Plant ecology. ; Plants Evolution. ; Soil science. ; Agriculture. ; Biotic communities. ; Plant Ecology. ; Plant Evolution. ; Soil Science. ; Agriculture. ; Ecosystems.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- The weed problem -- The lives of weeds -- Controlling weeds -- Weeds, nature conservation, and global warming -- Coldwater farm habitats -- Drawings, paintings, and photographs -- Plant names -- Desert weeds identification -- Field guide -- Conclusion -- Afterword -- References -- Index.
    Abstract: In their rapid colonization of soil exposed by fires, floods, and grazing animals, weeds resemble the human specialists we label Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs). Weeds are the first responders when disasters occur in nature. They occupy bare soil and prevent erosion by wind and water. In extreme cases such as a landslide, weeds are essential to the healing processes that replace the lost soil. Like a Band-Aid on a skinned knee, weeds protect the land while it recovers. Besides protecting the soil after disaster, weeds provide food for wildlife, and some of them provide food and medicine for people. Able to withstand harsh conditions, weeds will proliferate as global warming and other human impacts intensify. Thus, nature’s EMTs will increase while all other plants decline. The book provides a succinct definition of weeds according to their form and function in ecosystem processes. The narrative uses a representative set of weed species from a desert location to illustrate the full range of weed characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 353 p. 307 illus., 194 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030458546
    DDC: 581.7
    Language: English
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Cascadia subduction zone is thought to be capable of generating major earthquakes with moment magnitude as large as Mw = 9 at an interval of several hundred years. The seismogenic portion of the plate interface is mostly offshore and is currently locked, as inferred from ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 341-342 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Deep ocean plateaus can be divided into two categories4: continental type and oceanic type. The former seem to be rifted segments of continents and are not of concern here. The origin of the oceanic type of plateaus is much more difficult to explain. They are few in number and most are away from ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 76 (1997), S. 339-347 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  Many interactive human skills are based on real-time error detection and correction. Here we investigate the spectral properties of such skills, focusing on a synchronization task. A simple autoregressive error correction model, based on separate ‘motor’ and ‘cognitive’ sources, provides an excellent fit to experimental spectral data. The model can also apply to recurrent processes not based on error correction, allowing commentary on previous claims of 1/ f-type noise in human cognition. A comparison of expert and non-expert subjects suggests that performance skill is not only based on reduced variance and bias, but also on the construction of richer mental models of error correction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 332 (1988), S. 17-17 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE two main conclusions that emerged from a special session at a recent meeting* are that the Cascadia subduction zone appears to be storing strain, and that there are numerous examples of suddenly buried wetland-soil horizons that seem to be best explained as examples of past great earthquakes. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2007-02-01
    Description: More than 180 regional moment tensor (RMT) solutions for moderate-sized earthquakes (M ≥ 4) are used to examine the contemporary stress regime of western Canada and provide valuable information relating to earthquake hazard analysis. The overall regional stress pattern shows mainly NE–SW-oriented P axes for most of western Canada with local variations. In the northern cordillera, the maximum compressive stress direction (σ1) varies from east–west to north–south to NE–SW from south to north. The stress direction σ1 is consistent with the P axis direction for the largest earthquakes, except in the central and northern Mackenzie Mountains where there is a 16° difference. The Yakutat collision zone shows a steady change in σ1 from east–west in the east to north–south in the west. In the Canada – United States border region, RMT solutions suggest a north–south compressional regime may extend through southern British Columbia and northern Washington to the eastern Cordillera. In the Vancouver Island – Puget Sound region, RMT solutions do not show any obvious pattern in faulting style. However, the stress results are consistent with margin-parallel compression in the crust and downdip tension in the subducting slab. Along the Queen Charlotte fault σ1 is oriented ~45° to the strike of the northern section of the fault, which is dominated by strike-slip faulting, and ~60° to the strike of the southern section, which is dominated by high-angle thrust faults. The amount of thrust faulting infers a significant amount of convergence between the Pacific and North America plates in the southern Queen Charlotte Islands region.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4077
    Electronic ISSN: 1480-3313
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-05-01
    Description: INTRODUCTION Reliable determination of earthquake source parameters is a subject of fundamental importance for seismological research. It also provides critical observational constraints to the study of deformation and stress within the lithosphere. A comprehensive catalog of earthquake source parameters is not only essential to the understanding of global and regional tectonics, but also offers critical information on geological structures that may have engineering, economic, and hazard implications. In addition to the origin time, hypocenter, and magnitude, an earthquake’s source parameters include its focal mechanism, source time function, and the spatiotemporal distribution of slip. However, unless the source dimension is considerably larger than the wavelengths of propagating seismic waves (e.g., P or S), the source time function and slip distribution of a seismic event are difficult to resolve, meaning that it is effectively a point-source. The focal mechanism, on the other hand, is directly related to fault movement in the source region and can be determined by several different methods even if the event is an effective point-source. The simplest way to determine an earthquake’s focal mechanism is the “first-motion” method that derives the orientation of the fault plane (strike and dip) and the relative movement between the hanging wall and the foot wall (rake) from the polarity and distribution of first arrivals on the focal sphere (Aki and Richards 1980). A big drawback of this method is that it needs a large number of well-distributed stations with good data quality to sufficiently cover the focal sphere. The process of picking first arrivals and determining their polarity of motion can also be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and often ambiguous, even for well-experienced data analysts. One breakthrough in seismology during the past several decades was the realization that a seismic source can be mathematically represented by a moment tensor consisting of six independent elements...
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-02-01
    Description: A reanalysis of the varve chronology from hydraulic piston sediment cores was carried out to establish better uncertainty estimates on ages of prehistoric debris-flow deposits (DFDs) in the last 4000 yr. Saanich Inlet is an anoxic fiord located in southeast Vancouver Island near the city of Victoria, British Columbia. It contains annually laminated (varved) marine mud deposited in anoxic conditions. Interlayered with these Holocene varves are massive layers of coarser sediments deposited by submarine debris flows. It has been previously interpreted that these flows were induced by earthquake shaking. Two of the DFDs correspond to known earthquakes: A.D. 1946 Vancouver Island (M 7.3) and the A.D. 1700 Cascadia plate-boundary subduction earthquake (M 9). Based on varve counts, 18 DFDs (310, 410-435, 493-582, 767-887, 874-950, 1001-1133, 1163-1292, 1238-1348, 1546-1741, 1694-1811, 1859-2104, 2197-2509, 2296-2483, 2525-2844, 2987-3298, 3164-3392, 3654-4569, 3989-4284 yr ago from A.D. 2010 datum) were correlated among two or more cores during this time period, suggesting an average return period of strong shaking from earthquakes of about 220 yr. Nine of the DFDs overlap with the age ranges for great plate-boundary earthquakes that have been determined by other paleoseismic studies: coastal subsidence and offshore turbidity deposits. The remaining nine events give an average return period of about 470 yr for strong shaking from local earthquakes. The peak ground acceleration calculated from a recurrence relation based on statistics from local earthquakes for a 470-yr period is 0.30g, which corresponds to the upper range of Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) VII (seven). Historical data from Vancouver Island and other areas show that this level of shaking (MMI VII) is sufficient to trigger submarine landslides.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-08-14
    Description: Canada has four of the 20 largest water reservoirs in the world, with 16 that are at least 75 m deep and have a volume greater than 109  m3. Eleven of these are located in the Canadian Shield of Quebec, and five are located in the Cordillera of British Columbia and Alberta. Six of these large reservoirs, along with two other smaller reservoirs, have been associated with reservoir‐triggered seismicity (RTS). The proportion of reservoirs with an RTS that is larger than Nuttli magnitude MN 3.0 (25%; i.e., four cases) is similar to the one for worldwide counterparts (22%). All RTS cases are located in the Canadian Shield of Quebec, which is an area that is weakly seismically active. RTS is of a small magnitude (the largest event was magnitude MN 4.1). Based on the known cases of RTS and those that had no associated seismicity, there are a few conclusions that can be drawn. Before the mid 1970s, many potential triggered earthquakes could have been below the detection threshold that was offered by the Canadian National Seismograph Network (CNSN) at the time (generally magnitude 3.5). The weight of the reservoirs does not appear to be the main factor that triggers RTS; two of the reservoirs with the largest volumes do not have any associated activity. In all RTS cases, it is almost impossible to relate the activity to specific fault characteristics. In some RTS cases, filling was not completed when the RTS started. For these cases, it is not easy to distinguish between a rapid response (such as the weight of the reservoir increasing the pore‐fluid pressures at depth) and the delayed type of response, in which the pore‐fluid pressure diffusion leads to reactivation of the fault. For the majority of RTS cases, however, a delayed‐response type appears more likely; that is, it is more likely that activity that is started shortly after the initial impoundment will continue for many months, sometimes in swarms, and finally stop after a few years.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1997-05-30
    Print ISSN: 0340-1200
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0770
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Published by Springer
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