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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of the ultrastructure and hormonal content of the proximal and distal stumps of the transected neurosecretory hypothalamo-hypophysial system (1970)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 414-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach Durchtrennung des Hypophysenstiels wird eine Akkumulation von Neurosekretgranula sowohl im proximalen wie auch im distalen Stumpf des Stiels nachgewiesen. Elektronenmikroskopische und pharmakologische Untersuchungen machen wahrscheinlich, dass die Akkumulation im distalen Stumpf auf einen Reflux der Neurosekretgranula zurückzuführen ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01896922
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathological effects of cadmium on the gills of the freshwater fish, Macropsobrycon uruguayanae Eigenmann (Pisces, Atherinidae) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Evaluations of histopathological lesions in gill tissue were carried out in the freshwater fish Macropsobrycon uruguayanae following 30 and 60 days of exposure to 1.5 mg 1-1 of cadmium. The study was conducted on both fed and starved animals in order to determine the influence of feeding condition on cadmium toxicity. The main lesions observed and quantified were: (1) hyperplasia of primary lamellar epithelium; (2) hyperplasia of secondary lamellar epithelium; (3) separation of respiratory epithelium; (4) shortening of secondary lamellae; (5) epithelial necrosis; (6) fusion of adjacent secondary lamellae; (7) hypertrophy of respiratory epithelium; (8) lamellar telangiectasis; (9) hyperplasia of chloride cells; (10) mucinous metaplasia; and (11) inflammatory infiltration. Lesions 6, 8, 9 and 11 were only induced by exposure to cadmium, while lesion 4 could be produced only by starvation. Starved fish also showed a reduction in total body weight and length. Lesion 2 was shown to be non-specific, and produced by either cadmium, starvation or even exposure time. The possible mode of action of the experimental factors are discussed in relation to the observed pathologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1996.d01-82.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Standardization of various applications of methacrylate embedding and silver methenamine for light and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry (1984)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 81 (1984), S. 253-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The use of butyl-methyl-methacrylate embedding and the application of the silver methenamine (SM) method as a poststaining of the immunoperoxidase-DAB (IP) procedure led to the standardization of several useful methods for the visualization of tissue antigents at the light and electron microscope level. These procedures included: 1) Standardization of the actual methacrylate embedding; 2) The IP-SM method with an without periodic acid oxidation, which provided 100% intensification of the IP staining; 3) The IP-SM method made it possible to stain semithin sections (0.5 μm), and this in turn, permitted a) clear visualization under the light microscope of the intracellular distribution of antigens and, b) staining, in several adjacent sections, of roughly the same cytoplasmic region of the same cell with different primary antisera; 4) a double immunostaining whereby the first antigen in the sequence was revealed by the IP-SM method and the second by the IP procedure: 5) standardization of the IP and the IP-SM methods for post-embedding staining of ultrathin methacrylate sections. The combined application of methacrylate embedding and the IP-SM, and the use of an appropriate fixative, resulted in an ultrastructural immunocytochemical procedure characterized by a good immunoreactivity of the tissue sections, a strong and selective immunoreaction and a well preserved ultrastructure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00495636
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetical development of the chick and duck subcommissural organ (1986)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 84 (1986), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ontogenetical development of the subcommissural organ (SCO) was investigated in chick embryos collected daily from the 1st to the 21st day of incubation. Some duck embryos, and adult chickens and ducks were also studied. Immunocytochemistry using an anti-Reissner's fiber (RF) serum as the primary antibody was the principal method used. In the chick embryos the events occurring at different days of incubation were: day 3 morphologically undifferentiated cells in the dorsal diencephalon displayed immunoreactive material (IRM); days 4 to 6 immunoreactive cells proliferated, formed a multilayered structure and developed processes which traversed the growing posterior commissure and ended at the brain surface; day 7 i) blood vessels penetrated the SCO, ii) scarce hypendymal cells appeared, iii) the first signs of ventricular release of IRM were noticed, iv) appearance of IRM bound to cells of the floor of the Sylvius aqueduct; day 7 to 10 the number of apical granules and amount of extracellular IRM increased progressively; day 11 RF was observed along the Sylvian aqueduct; day 12 RF was present in the lumbar spinal cord; day 13 IRM on the aqueductal floor disappeared; days 10 to 21 i) hypendymal cells proliferated, developed processes and migrated dorsally, ii) ependymal processes elongated and their endings covered the external limiting membrane. In adult specimens the ependymal cells lacked basal processes and the external membrane was contacted by hypendymal cells. The duck SCO appears to follow a similar pattern of development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493417
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Cadmium on Gill Na,K-ATPase of the Estuarine Crab Chasmagnathus granulata (Decapoda, Grapsidae) During Postmolt: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 61 (1998), S. 629-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900807
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopical demonstration of concanavalin A and wheat-germ agglutinin binding sites by use of antibodies against the lectin or its label (peroxidase) (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 92 (1989), S. 505-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three straining protocols for the ultrastructural visualization of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) binding sites were applied to samples of nervous tissue embedded in Lowicryl K4M. The hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neurosecretory system was chosen for this investigation because it has two major neuronal populations, one secreting vasopressin, whose precursor is glycosylated, and the other secreting oxytocin whose precursor form is not glycosylated. The series of incubations of the tissue sections for the three protocols were: Protocol 1: i) non labeled ConA or WGA; ii) ConA or WGA antibody; iii) protein A-gold; Protocol 2: i) pre-prepared WGA-anti-WGA complex; ii) protein A-gold; Protocol 3: i) peroxidase-labeled ConA or WGA; ii) anti-peroxidase; iii) protein A-gold. The three methods allowed to detect fine differences in the distribution of sugar residues. This, in turn, made it possible to distinguish vasopressin granules containing precursor forms from those containing processed precursor. At the light microscopic level the three methods were successfully applied to paraffin and 1-μm methacrylate sections by using a second antibody, PAP complex and the diaminobenzidine reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00524762
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuraminidase injected into the cerebrospinal fluid impairs the assembly of the glycoproteins secreted by the subcommissural organ preventing the formation of Reissner’s fiber (1998)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 109 (1998), S. 391-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Neuraminidase was injected into the cerebrospinal fluid of normal rats to investigate the assembly and fate of the desialylated Reissner’s fiber glycoproteins. It was established that a single injection of neuraminidase cleaved the sialic acid residues of the Reissner’s fiber glycoproteins that had been assembled before the injection, and of the molecules that were released over a period of at least 4 h after the injection. These desialylated glycoproteins underwent an abnormal assembly that led to the formation of spheres instead of a fiber. The number of these spheres increased during the 4-h period following the injection, indicating that neuraminidase did not prevent the secretion of the Reissner’s fiber glycoproteins into the cerebrospinal fluid. The spheres remained attached to the surface of the subcommissural organ and became intermingled with infiltrating cells, many of which were immunocytochemically identified as macrophages. The latter were seen to contain immunoreactive Reissner’s fiber material. It is concluded that the desialylated Reissner’s fiber glycoproteins forming the spheres underwent an in situ degradation by macrophages, thus resembling the normal process undergone by the Reissner’s fiber glycoproteins reaching the massa caudalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050240
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular and leptomeningeal projections of the subcommissural organ in reptiles (1987)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 87 (1987), S. 607-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the snake, Natrix maura, and the turtle, Mauremys caspica, the basal processes of the ependymal cells of the subcommissural organ project toward the local blood vessels and the leptomeninges. These processes and their endings were studied using aldehyde-fuchsin (AF), periodicacid Schiff (PAS), periodic-acid silver-methenamine (PASM), concanavalin A (ConA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), immunoperoxidase staining (employing an antiserum against bovine Reissner's fiber; AFRU), and conventional transmission electron microscopy. For the purposes of comparison, the ventricular cell pole was also analyzed. The secretory material located in the ventricular cell pole and that present in ependymal endings had only a few staining properties in common, i.e., affinity for AF, ConA, and AFRU at a dilution of 1:1000. On the other hand, PAS, PA-SM, WGA, and AFRU at a dilution of 1:200 000 stained the apical (ventricular) secretory material but not the secretory material of the ependymal processes. The histochemical features of the secretory material located in the terminals of ependymal processes, as well as the presence at these sites of numerous rough-endoplasmic-reticulum cisternae and secretory granules, suggest that secretory material may by synthesized in these terminals. The probable fate of this material, i.e., release to the perivascular and leptomeningeal spaces or transport to the ventricular cell pole, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492478
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secretory glycoproteins of the rat subcommissural organ are N-linked complex-type glycoproteins. Demonstration by combined use of lectins and specific glycosidases, and by the administration of tunicamycin (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 93 (1990), S. 607-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two experimental protocols were used to investigate the secretory glycoproteins of the subcommissural organ (SCO). Protocol I: Lectins, specific exoglycosidases and immunocytochemistry were sequentially applied to the same section or to adjacent semithin sections of the rat SCO fixed in Bouin's fluid and embedded in methacrylate. Lectins used: concanavalin A (con A), wheat germ agglutinin, Limulus polyphemus agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin and Arachis hypogeae agglutinin. Glycosidases used: neuroaminidase, β-galactosidase, α-mannosidase, α-glucosidase and β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase. For immunocytochemistry an antiserum against bovine Reissner's fiber (AFRU) was used. Lectins and glycosidases were used in sequences that allowed the cleaved sugar residue to be identified as well as that appearing exposed as a terminal residue. This approach led to the following conclusions: (1) the terminal sugar chain of the secreted glycoproteins has the sequence sialic acid-galactose-glucosamine-; (2) the con A-binding material present in the rough endoplasmic reticulum corresponds to mannose; (3) the apical secretory granules and Reissner's fibers displayed a strong con A affinity after removing sialic acid, thus indicating the presence of internal mannosyl residues in the secreted material; (4) after removing most of the sugar moieties the secretory material continued to be strongly immunoreactive with AFRU. Protocol II: Rats were injected into the lateral ventricle with Tunicamycin and killed 12, 24, 50 and 60 h after the injection. The SCO of rats from the last two groups showed a complete absence of con A binding sites. The results from the two experiments confirm that the secretory glycoproteins of the rat SCO are N-linked complex-type glycoproteins with the conformation previously suggested (Rodríguez et al. 1986).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272203
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry and lectin histochemistry of the subcommissural organ in the snake Natrix maura with particular emphasis on its vascular and leptomeningeal projections (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 93 (1990), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ependymal cells of the subcommissural organ (SCO) of the snake Natrix maura display long basal processes which terminate either on blood vessels or on the leptomeninges. The cell body and the basal processes contain a secretory material detectable immunocytochemically at the light-microscopic level using an antibody raised against bovine Reissner's fiber. The present investigation deals with the ultrastructural location in these cells of the (i) immunoreactive material; (ii) concanavalin A (Con A)-and wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA)-binding sites. In the subnuclear region the immunoreactive material was located within dilated cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and had affinity for Con A but not for WGA. In the supranuclear region the secretory material was exclusively located within numerous granules. Since all these granules showed affinity for WGA, they can be regarded as “post-Golgi” elements. Thus, at variance with the situation in the mammalian SCO, in the ophidian SCO most of the secretion is stored in secretory granules rather than in dilated cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In the perivascular and leptomeningeal endings the immunoreactive material was located within granules which, because of their affinity for WGA, should also be regarded as true secretory granules derived from the Golgi apparatus. It is concluded that these granules are transported along the basal processes and accumulated in the perivascular and leptomeningeal endfeet. This observation favours the view of a local release of the content of these granules, since there is no evidence for a reverse transport of these granules all the way back from the distal termination to the apical pole, to be finally released into the ventricle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266388
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