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  • 1
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Aeromonas hydrophila strains recovered from clinical samples and ambient sources were phenotypically and genetically identified. In addition, the distribution of putative virulence factors was assayed. To determine the genetic diversity of these strains, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR markers were used. The discriminatory ability of the techniques, using Simpson's index, was 0.96 for both methods. The most consistent dendrogram was obtained when RAPD and ERIC data were combined. The genetic diversity revealed a high intra-specific genetic diversity (h= 0.364 ± 0.024 and I= 0.538 ± 0.030). The strains showed a tendency to cluster according to their origin of isolation (best-cut test 0.80 and bootstrap values 〉50%). The present study demonstrates and quantifies the high intra-specific diversity within this species and reveals a clear differentiation of strains according to their ecological origin. The distribution of virulence-related genes confirm that A. hydrophila is a genetically heterogeneous species that harbour ecotypes which have different pathogenic potential to human and other animals.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A lysine aminopeptidase was purified from the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. This enzyme was purified 100-fold from a soluble extract obtained at 100,000g. The purification procedure consisted in fractionated precipitation with ammonium sulfate and five chromatography steps. The native enzyme had a molecular mass of 46 kDa assessed through gel filtration. This aminopeptidase depicted an optimal pH of 7.0 and was stable at a pH range of 4–8, its optimal temperature was 45 °C and the enzyme became unstable at temperatures above 55 °C. The isoelectric point of the purified enzyme was 4.4. Michaelis constant and Vmax for l-lysine–p-nitroanilide were 0.33 mM and 2.2 mM min−1 per milligram of protein, respectively. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by bestatin, o-phenanthroline and, to a lesser extent, by EDTA, suggesting that this enzyme is a metalloprotease. Our results suggest that the lysine aminopeptidase from Kluyveromyces marxianus might be of biotechnological relevance.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The aminopeptidase pumAPE was purified from the haploid fungus Ustilago maydis FB1 strain. The purification procedure consisted of ammonium sulfate fractionation and three chromatographic steps, which included anion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and gel filtration chromatography, resulting in a 23% recovery. The molecular mass of the dimeric enzyme was estimated to be 110 kDa and 58 kDa by gel filtration chromatography and SDS–PAGE, respectively. Enzymatic activity was optimal at pH 7.0 and at 35 °C toward Lys-pNA and the pI was determined to be 5.1. The enzyme was inhibited by EDTA–Na2, 1,10- phenanthroline, bestantin, PMSF and several divalent cations (Cu2+, Hg2+ and Zn2+). The aminopeptidase showed a preference for lysine and arginine in the N-position. The Km value was 54.4 μM and the Vmax value was 408 μmol min−1 mg−1 for Lys-pNA.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 57 (1992), S. 4793-4795 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 48 (1983), S. 3344-3346 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 45 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Candida albicans STE13ca gene was identified by its homology to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE13 gene that encodes for the dipeptidyl aminopeptidase A (DAP A) involved in the maturation of α-factor mating pheromone. Our study revealed that C. albicans ATCC 10231 depicts dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity. We also analyzed the expression of the STE13ca gene homologue from this pathogenic yeast. This gene of 2793 pb is homozygotic and encodes for a predicted protein of 930 amino acids with a molecular weight of 107,035 Da. The predicted protein displays significant sequence similarity to S. cerevisiae Ste13p. This C. albicans gene is located in chromosome R. STE13ca gene increases its levels of expression in conditions of nutritional stress (proline as nitrogen source) and during formation of the germinal tube, suggesting a basic biological function for the STE13ca in this yeast.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 15 (1961), S. 367-388 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au Vénézuéla, on a diagnostiqué 24 cas de cryptococcose dont 21 sont morts par méningo-encéphalite; les 3 restants présentèrent des formes circonscrites pulmonaires qui furent traitées par lobectomie (2 vivent apparemment en bon état de santé depuis de nombreuses années après la resection et le troisième mourut pour des causes étrangères à cette maladie). Dans cette statistique, il y a deux enfants de 5 et 7 ans. Sexe: 14 hommes et 10 femmes. Nationalité: 23 Vénézuéliens et 1 étranger ayant de nombreuses années de résidence dans ce pays. Professions: 7 agricultueurs, 3 ouvriers spécialisés, 9 services domestiques (toutes des femmes), 2 étudiants. Des lésions pulmonaires ont été rencontrées sur 11 cas presque tous de forme pseudo-tumorale „cryptococcomes”. Une fois, on a trouvé une localisation rénale. Cinq fois on a trouvé association avec d'autres maladies. On a décrit séparément, pour les considérer de prés, les deux cas traités chirurgiquement qui vivent encore, et l'association avec blastomycose sud-américaine et tuberculose.
    Abstract: Summary In Venezuela one found 24 cases of Cryptococcosis of which 21 died on meningo-encephalitis; the remaining three patients showed pulmonary circumscribed forms. They were treated by lobectomy (two are apparently living in good health for several years after lobectomy and the third one died on other causes than this condition). In this statistics there are two children of 5 and 7 year of age, respectively. According to sex: there were 14 males and 10 females. Nationality: 23 Venezuelans and 1 foreigner, residing for many years in the country. Occupations: 7 farmers, 3 skilled workers, 9 household employees (all females) and 2 students. In 11 cases of pulmonary lesions one found all the forms of pseudotumoral stage: „cryptococcomes”. Once there was a localization in the kidneys. Five times it was associated with other diseases. In order to consider them closer, the two cases are separately described which were treated surgically and are still living and a third one because of its association with South-American blastomycosis and tuberculosis.
    Notes: Resumen En Venezuela se han diagnosticado 24 casos de Criptococosis de los cuales 21 han muerto por Meningo-encefalitis; los tres restantes presentaron formas circunscritas pulmonares que fueron tratadas por lobectomía (2 viven en aparente buen estado de salud después de varios años de la resección y el tercero murió por causas differentes a esta enfermedad). Entre esta estadística hay dos niños de 5 y 7 años. Sexo: 14 varones y 10 hembras. Nacionalidad: 23 venezolanos y un extranjero con varios años de residencia en el país. Profesiones: 7 agricultores, 3 obreros especializados, 9 oficios domésticos (todas mujeres), 2 estudiantes. Lesiones pulmonares se encontraron en once casos casi todos de forma pseudo-tumoral „Criptococomas”. Una vez hubo localización renal. Cinco veces hubo asociación con otras enfermedades. Se describen separadamente por considerarlos de interés, los dos casos tratados quirúrgicamente que aún viven y el asociado con Blastomicosis Sur-americana y Tuberculosis.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On présente l'étude réalisée sur 62 cas de paracoccidioidomycose brasiliensis dont la plupart présentaient des lésions muqueuses et pulmonaires. Le dit matériel provient du Dispensaire 5, Institut dédié à l'étude des affections thoraciques non tuberculeuses et inscrit à la Division de Tuberculose du Ministère de la Santé, Vénézuéla. On a observé le plus grand pourcentage de malades entre 30 et 50 ans, âge correspondant à la plus grande incidence pour l'homme. Il y eut seulement 2 cas chez les enfants. La majorité étaient des agriculteurs provenant de régions rurales et sous-urbaines et de conditions économico-sociales peu satisfaisantes. On fait un résumé des motifs de consultation permettant d'observer qu'il s'agissait d'ulcérations muqueuses, spécialement des bouche, larynx, fosses nasales et amygdales qui obligèrent les malades à consulter. Un fait très curieux fut la relation qui, en plusieurs cas, a pu être établie entre l'apparition de ces ulcérations et une exodonce. Une autre caractéristique importante fut l'absence d'adénopathies satellites. En ordre de fréquence, on a observé la symptomatologie respiratoire observant 48 cas où prédomine la toux irritante de type bronchial avec expectoration mucopurulente. Huit patients eurent des crachats hémoptysiques et en 22 cas la dyspnée bien qu'avec des efforts modérés fut présente. D'autres symptômes respiratoires furent les ronflements et les sifflements de forme asthmatique, les vagues douleurs thoraciques et la disphonie. Quant à la symptomatologie d'ordre général, l'inappétence et la perte de poids, se présentèrent plus ou moins, l'absence de fièvre attirant l'attention, attribuée quand il a existé, à une infection secondaire des lésions. De même que pour la tuberculose, les trouvailles à l'auscultation du thorax furent rares. On fait une classification des images radiologiques pulmonaires observées sur 62 malades. Ainsi, l'on distingue des images trabéculo-nodulaires, fibronodulaires et de gros nodules. Les auteurs de l'ouvrage, se référant aux procédés de diagnostic, insistent sur la simplicité et l'effectivité du frottis et de la biopsie des lésions mucosiques, ce procédé utilisé par eux avec un résultat positif pour un grand pourcentage. Ils font également ressortir l'utilité, pour le diagnostic, qu'il y a à cultiver le granulaire dentaire quand on suspecte une paracoccidioidomycose sans lésions visibles, impossible de découvrir avec le frottis et la biopsie. Ils ajoutent que, pour certains malades, ce fut la biopsie pulmonaire à „ciel ouvert“, uniquement, qui permit de faire le diagnostic. Quant aux complications, ce fut l'insuffisance respiratoire qu'ils observèrent le plus souvent, cette complication étant très possiblement en relation avec l'intense procédé de fibrose qui déterminait la réaction du tissu pulmonaire avant la présence du champignon. Aussi, il y eut deux cas de pneumothorax spontané et dans les 2 cas-enfants des lésions d'ostéolithe dans la plupart des os. Des maladies qui furent associées à la paracoccidioidomycose, la périodontite fut la plus importante. Il apparaît, en effet, que l'infection péridentaire favorise la pénétration et la reproduction du champignon. Trois faits paraissent confirmer cette supposition: 1) La relation déjà signalée entre l'apparition des ulcérations muqueuses et une exodonce, 2) La culture positive pour P.B. du granulaire dentaire dans les cas sans lésions visibles, 3) L'évolution favorable de quelques malades après l'extraction de pièces dentaires en „mauvais état“. Une autre maladie qui s'est associée dans 2 cas sur les 62 fut la tuberculose pulmonaire. Pour terminer, ils font un large commentaire sur le traitement employé et l'évolution clinique et radiologique et admettent que les sulfamides sont le traitement d'élection aux doses de 3 à 4 g et par périodes de 2 ans, annotant la tolérance aux traitements prolongés sans avoir observé des manifestations toxiques d'aucun caractère.
    Abstract: Summary An investigation involving 62 cases of paracoccidioidomycosis is presented. Most of the patients showed mucous and pulmonary lesions. They came from the Dispensary No. 5, an Institute dedicated to the study of non-tuberculous chest diseases and belonging to the Division of Tuberculosis of the Ministry of Health, Venezuela. The greatest percentage of the patients was between 30 and 50 years, an age corresponding to the highest frequency in man. There were only two cases in children. The majority consisted of farmers, coming from rural regions and from suburban areas, from unsatisfactory, social-economic conditions. Resume is given of the motives for consultation: mucous ulcerations, especially that of the mouth, larynx, nasal fossae, tonsillae which forced the patients to consultation. There was a curious correlation in several of the cases between the appearance of mucous lesions and tooth extraction. Another important characteristic was the absence of concomitant adenopathy. In order of frequency there were respiratory symptoms in 48 cases in which irritating cough of the bronchial type prevailed with mucopurulent discharge. Eight patients had bloody sputum and in 22 cases a moderate dyspnea was present. Other respiratory symptoms included asthmatic rales, vague pains and dysphonia. Concerning the general symptomatology there were loss of appetite and weight, absence of fever, the presence of which was attributed to secondary infection of the lesions. Auscultatory findings, like in tuberculosis, were rare. Classification of pulmonary radiographs were carried out in 62 patients. The pictures showed trabeculonodular, fibronodular and gross nodular involvement. Among the diagnostic procedures preference was given for the sake of simplicity and effectiveness to the use of smears and biopsy of the mucous lesions, procedures resulting in a great percentage of positive findings. Equally important is the culture of dental granulomas when one suspects paracoccidioidomycosis without visible lesions. In certain patients only the lung biopsy permited to reach the diagnosis. As to the complications respiratory insufficiency was the most frequent due to extensive fibrosis. There were also two cases of spontaneous pneumothorax and in the two children lesions in most of the bones. In patients with paracoccidioidomycosis the existing periodontitis was the most important. One got the impression that the periodontitis promotes the penetration of the causative organism. Three facts seem to support this assumption: 1) The correlation between the appearance of mucous lesions and the tooth extractions. 2) The positive culture ofP. brasiliensis from dental granulomas in cases without visible lesions, 3) The favorable progress of some patients after extraction of bad teeth. In two cases pulmonary tuberculosis joined the paracoccidioidomycosis. Finally they comment on the therapy employed and on the clinical and radiological progress. The sulfonamides are the drugs of choice, 3 to 4 grams a day, for a period of two years. Despite the prolonged treatment no toxic effect have been observed.
    Notes: Resumen Se presenta el estudio realizado sobre 62 casos de Paracoccidioidomicosis brasiliensis, la mayoría de los cuales prensentaban lesiones mucosas y pulmonares. Dicho material procede del Dispensario No 5, Institudo dedicado al estudio de las afecciones torácicas no tuberculosas y adscrito a la División de Tuberculosis del Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social — Venezuela. El más alto porcentaje de los enfermos se observó entre los 30 y 50 años correspondiendo al hombre la mayor incidencia. Solamente hubo 2 casos en niños. La mayoría eran agricultores procedentes de regiones rurales y sub-urbanas y de condiciones económico-sociales poco satisfactorias. Se hace un resumen de los motivos de consulta, pudiéndose observar que fueron las ulceraciones mucosas, especialmente de la boca, laringe, fosas nasales y amígdales las que más obligaron a los enfermos a consultar. Un hecho muy curioso fué la relación que en muchos casos se pudo establecer entre la aparición de estas ulceraciones y una exodoncia. Otra característica importante fué la ausencia de adenopatías satélites. En orden de frecuencia siguió la sintomatología respiratoria, observándose en 48 casos, predominando la tos irritativa de tipo bronquial con expectoración mucopurulenta. Ocho pacientes tuvieron esputos hemoptóicos y en 22 la disnea aún a los moderados esfuerzos estuvo presente. Otros síntomas respiratorios fueron los ronquidos y silbidos asmatiformes, los dolores vagos torácicos y la disfonía. En cuanto a la sintomatología de orden general, la inapetencia y la périda de peso se presentaron más a menudo llamando la atención la falta de fiebre, atribuyéndose cuando existió a una infección secundaria de las lesiones. Al igual que en la tuberculosis los hallazgos a la auscultación del tórax fueron escasos. Se hace una clasificación de las imágenes radiológicas pulmonares observadas en los 62 enfermos. Así se distinguen imágenes trabéculonodulares, fibro-nodulares y de nódulos gruesos. Al referirse los autores del trabajo a los procedimientos de diagnóstico insisten en la sencillez y la efectividad del frotis y de la biopsia de las lesiones mucosas, procedimiento éste utilizado por ellos con resultado positivo en un alto porcentaje. Hacen también resaltar la utilidad que para el diagnóstico tiene el cultivo de granuloma dentario cuando se sospechó una Paracoccidioidomicosis sin lesiones visibles que hicieron imposible el frotis y la biopsia. Agregan que en algunos enfermos fué la biopsia pulmonar a „cielo abierto“ lo único que permitió hacer el diagnóstico. En cuanto a las complicaciones fué la insuficiencia respiratoria la que con mayor frecuencia observaron, estando esta complicación muy posiblemente en relación con el intenso proceso de fibrosis que determina la reacción del tejido pulmonar ante la presencia del hongo. También hubo dos casos de neumotórax espontáneo y en los 2 niños lesiones de osteolisis en la mayoría de los huesos. De las enfermedades que se asociaron a la Paracoccidioidomicosis la periodontitis fué la más importante. Parece ser, en efecto, que la infección peridentaria favorece la penetración y la reproducción del hongo. Tres hechos parecen confirmar esta suposición: 1) La relación ya señalada entre la aparición de las ulceraciones mucosas y una exodoncia, 2) El cultivo positivo para P.B. del granuloma dentario en los casos sin lesiones visibles, 3) La evolución favorable de algunos enfermos después de la extracción de piezas dentarias en „mal estado“. Otra enfermedad que se asoció en 2 de los 62 casos fué la tuberculosis pulmonar. Para terminar hicieron un extenso comentario sobre el tratamiento utilizado y la evolucion clínica y radiológica y admiten que sigue siendo la Sulfamida el tratamiento de elección a las dosis de 3 a 4 grs. y por períodos de 2 años, notándose la tolerancia a los tratamientos prolongados sin haberse observado manifestaciones tóxicas de ninguna índole.
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