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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: De par leur richesse en ressources naturelles renouvelables, les zones inondables tropicales revêtent un intérêt social et économique majeur pour les pays en développement. Cependant, les fleuves tropicaux sont aujourd'hui de plus en plus aménagés pour satisfaire les besoins liés à de nouvelles activités. Les zones jusque-là régulièrement inondées par la crue annuelle se réduisent ou alors les rythmes de leur inondation sont profondément modifiés. Les impacts de tels changements sont nombreux et portent atteinte à la biodiversité et à la durabilité des systèmes d'exploitation. Il s'avère alors nécessaire de définir de nouvelles approches de la gestion de l'eau, des espaces et des ressources vivantes, qui tout à la fois préservent les écosystèmes et prennent en considération les besoins des différents usagers. Tel est l'objectif de cet ouvrage qui pose, dans un premier temps, la problématique sociétale autour de laquelle cette gestion doit être repensée, en faisant apparaître la diversité d'acteurs et d'institutions concernés. Il présente ensuite les acquis les plus récents de la recherche sur le fonctionnement de ces écosystèmes ainsi que sur les pratiques et stratégies déployées par les populations qui les exploitent. Enfin est abordée la question des instruments à mettre en place pour assurer l'effectivité d'une gestion durable des zones inondables tropicales : après avoir fait le point sur les apports de la recherche concernant les outils de traitement et de partage de l'information environnementale, l'ouvrage se termine par un débat sur les conditions de création et de fonctionnement des institutions de suivi, de concertation et de décision.
    Schlagwort(e): QH1-278.5 ; irrigation ; plaine inondable ; développement durable ; exploitation des ressources naturelles ; fonctionnement de l’écosystème ; développement intégré ; politique de l’environnement ; environnement ; gestion de l’environnement ; milieu deltaïque
    Sprache: Französisch
    Format: image/png
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Lakes & reservoirs 8 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1770
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie
    Notizen: This work investigates the effects of climate and hydrology as factors controlling the trophic status of Sélingué, a monomictic reservoir in Mali, West Africa. Environmental (water transparency, hydrochemistry, nutrients) and biological (chlorophyll a concentrations) descriptors were studied on water samples collected biweekly from November 2000 to November 2001 in a station representative of the northern part of the water body. Statistical methods were used to estimate the existence and significance of breaks in the time series and environmental data were used to explain these breaks. In Sélingué Reservoir, the water column is stratified from March to May as a result of the cooling induced by the harmattan (North-East trade winds). Stratification lasts a few weeks, until the beginning of the monsoon (South-West trade winds), after which progressive warming allows vertical mixing of the lake. In harmattan or monsoon situations, the winds do not play a significant role except for storm events during the rainy season. Such events can change transiently, but markedly, the physical conditions prevailing in the whole water column. The water quality closely follows the hydrological cycle, characterized by a unique flood, which lasts a few weeks, from mid-July. Input of nutrients during the flood events is limited and local mineralization of organic matter in the hypolimnion during the stratification period seems to play a major role in the availability of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus. This availability is subject to vertical mixing which is only possible when the water height is sufficiently low and the wind-induced energy is sufficiently high. Dry (dust during the harmattan period) and wet deposition (linked to rains) play a role in supplying nutrients to the lake and can be factors in the observed increased chlorophyll a concentrations. Thus, environmental factors in Sélingué change with the current hydrological conditions. Sélingué Reservoir can be regarded as oligotrophic during the high water period, but as meso-eutrophic during the low water period. Each annual flood initializes the ecological conditions in this water body. This pattern limits the risks of trophic change (which can lead to algal blooms) to short periods of very low water levels immediately preceding flood events.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Schlagwort(e): Primary production ; recolonization ; trophic relationships ; tropical pond
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Chlorophyll pigments (CHL), primary productivity (PP) and particulate nitrogen (Np) in relation to several environmental factors were monitored during planktonic colonization of an aquaculture pond (Layo, Côte d'Ivoire). How interactions between the organisms are established in an initially azoic environment were investigated. From March, 15 (D1) to March, 31 (D16), the system transformation went through three stages. First, a precolonization by heterotrophic microbial community from D1 to D2 (Np 〈 1 μm maximum at D2: 243 mg m−2; CHL around 0). Then, a pioneer microalgal community developped from D3 to D7 (maximum CHL on D6: 19 mg m−2; PP: 1.0 g C m−2 d−1) with a significant contribution of picoplankton (CHL and PP 〈 3 μm: 33 and 23% of the total, respectively). Finally, a second microalgal colonization was noticed from D9 to D12 (maximum CHL: 55 mg m−2, PP: 2.8 g C m−2 d−1), largely dominated by nanoplankton (CHL and PP 〉 3 μm: 95 and 99% of the total, respectively). Overall, photosynthetic activity appeared to be closely linked to algal biomass. The study of autotrophic biomass and activity in different size classes in relation to the other parameters allowed us to precise the origin of the biomass fluctuations. The first bloom appeared to be controlled by selective grazing on small algae. The second algal development ended when N requirement represented at least 69% of N supply (in the N — NH4 form). This control was enhanced by the appearance of rotifers, leading to a more complex equilibrium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): seston ; size-structure ; Coulter counter ; selectivity ; gut fluorescence ; rotifers ; cyclopids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Gut fluorescence, feeding and egg production rates of zooplankton assemblages were measured in a shallow, eutrophic brackish-water pond for 24 days. Brachionus plicatilis, Hexarthra intermedia and Apocyclops panamensis successively developed and exhibited differences in food selectivity. Rotifers selected small particles but also had a preference for larger particles (15–21 μm, Equivalent Spherical Diameter, ESD). B. plicatilis appeared less selective than H. intermedia, which fed mostly on particles 〈6 μm. A. panamensis adults showed a selectivity for 6–21 μm ESD particles. Laboratory experiments suggested that A. panamensis adults were able to shift from seston to carnivorous feeding, depending on the availability of these food resources. Measurements of gut fluorescence and grazing gave comparable ingestion rates. Rotifers displayed the highest ingestion rates (up to 486% body C d-1). Despite high total phytoplankton and seston biomasses, the high ingestion rates and selective grazing of rotifers induced auto food-limitation phenomena and caused major changes in seston abundance and size structure. Grazing impact was less important when A. panamensis dominated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): chlorophyll budget ; picoplankton ; nanoplankton ; grazing ; rotifer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Chlorophyll a and pheopigment standing stocks and fluxes were used during a two weeks colonization experiment in a productive tropical pond (Layo, Côte d'Ivoire) in order to establish a chlorophyll budget. The experiment started from an azoïc state (the pond was dried, limed and progressively filled with ground water). Algal production was the only input to the phytoplanktonic system, while grazing and algal sedimentation were the main outputs. Chlorophyll a reflected the algal biomass, and degradation pigments were considered as an index of grazing by zooplankton (here, protozoans and rotifers). An estimation of the input through the algal growth rate was performed for the two main biological events observed during the study. The first algal bloom, with a large picoplankton participation, was mainly regulated by microzooplankton (increase of the peak) and rotifers (decrease of the peak). The second bloom (exclusively nanoplankton) was regulated by rotifers (increase) and by sedimentation of living cells (decrease). This last process was related to a sudden exhaustion of ammonia in the water column. Because of the time-lag between algal proliferation and zooplanktonic bloom, the phytoplanktonic biomass was able to be adjusted according to the availability of nutrients. This self-regulation took the form of sinking of active algal cells, resulting in a transient reduction of the food available for rotifers. This process had drastic consequences in these shallow waters, since a major part of the phytoplankton produced was removed from the pelagic system. For an optimal exploitation of the natural resources of an aquaculture pond, a study of the equilibrium nutrients-phytoplankton-zooplankton would provide a basis for artificial intervention, with a view to limit the impact of this mode of natural regulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): bacteria ; phytoplankton ; protozoa ; rotifera ; cyclopoids ; succession ; recolonization ; tropical pond
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The structure of a planktonic community was studied in April 1990 for 24 days (D1 to D24) during the natural recolonization of a tropical pond (Côte d'Ivoire) made azoic by emptying and liming (D0). Abundances of bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, protozoans and zooplankton were studied twice daily, whereas hydrological descriptors (temperature, conductivity, oxygen, pH, dissolved nutrients, sestonic weights) were recorded several times daily. After the pond treatment, the natural refilling from groundwater began immediately. The microheterotrophic (bacteria, flagellates, ciliates), phytoplanktonic (Coelastrum microsporum) and zooplanktonic (the rotifers Brachionus plicatilis and Hexarthra intermedia) communities were first based on opportunist species favored by the initially large nutritive availability. This close link with the trophic resources induced their rapid elimination, as soon as the food source was depleted by overconsumption. Due to liming effects, great amounts of degradable organic compounds allowed bacterial communities to develop before phytoplankton. This biological succession was first based on a catastrophic-type system, successively controlled by bottom-up factors (proliferation) and top-down factors (species collapse). Then, the colonization was completed with the development of secondary consumers (last stages of Apocyclops panamensis and chironomids). The progressive complexity of the system ensured the attenuation of the disturbing events. Finally, due to volume variations of the pond along the recolonization steps, the effects of the dilution process on bacteria and chlorophyll biomass were studied. In a context of non-limiting nutrient substrata, the microbial community was able to colonize the new volume within a few hours. Phytoplankton showed a more complex adaptation to the volume increase, with mixed effects of grazing, sedimentation and diurnal productions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 118 (1984), S. 187-197 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Gulf of Fos ; hydrology ; nutriive load ; eutrophication
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Surrounded by a heavily industrialized area, subject to natural fresh water dilution (Etang de Berre, Rhône river), the Gulf of Fos is an unbalanced neritic zone. Its distrophic character is accentuated by numerous continental discharges; furthermore, the climatic instability which characterizes this region (irregular periods of winds, fluvial risings) reinforces the changing ecological conditions in the gulf waters. The present paper shows the major ecological conditions in that neritic area, and the main events occured during the 1976–1978 period, through and extensive sampling network. The principal regulating features are thus described by the mean of a mathematical data processing (Principal Components Analysis).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 144 (1987), S. 11-23 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Zooplancton ; pollution urbaine ; diversité ; Marseille-Cortiou
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Resumé Le rejet permanent du grand émissaire de Marseille (5 m3, sec−1) perturbe considérablement, par son importance, le système néritique du secteur de Cortiou. Afin d'approcher l'impact de cette pollution sur la partie zooplanctonique du système, plus de 200 prélèvements, concernant l'hydrologie et le plancton, ont of é\'t é réalises entre 1977 et 1981, selon différentes strategiés d'échantillonnage (suivi de masse d'eau, radiales, réseaux). Quantitativement on observe, sur l'ensemble de la zone étudiée, une abondance générale en zooplancton moyenne, voire faible. Les effectifs les plus importants se rencontrent cependant dans la cuvette de Cortiou, alors que le point de référence considéré comme non perturbé présente les effectifs les plus faibles. Les stations situées face à l'égout sont parfois azoïques. Qualitativement les peuplements ne paraissent pas trés caractéristiques d'un secteur pollué mais correspondent plutôt à un appauvrissement du peuplement néritique. Dans le secteur le plus pollué, la composition spécifique varie au cours du temps autour d'une communauté composée d'un groupe important avec Clausocalanus sp., Paracalanus sp., Oithona helgolandica et d'un groups de taxons moins fréquents représentés par des larves méroplanctoniques, Oithona nana et Evadne spinifera, tandis que les coryceidés, onceidés, Centropages typicus, chaetognathes et fritillaires se retrouvent plus fréquemment en eaux ‘propres’. La structure des populations est plus importante en période froide qu'en période chaude, période durant laquelle la communauté planctonique est fortement désorganisée. Paradoxalement Acartia clausi joue un rôle assez secondaire dans la définition structurelle de la communauté. Les fluctuations observées paraissent cependant peu liées à des paramètres reflétant l'intensité de la pollution. L'intégration du stress, en relation avec l'‘histoire’ antérieure de la communauté (intensité et durée du contact avec la nappe de dilution, potentialités trophiques) semblent ainsi prépondérantes.
    Notizen: Abstract Sewage of Marseilles' main outfall permanently pollutes a large coastal area centered around Cortiou, south of the city. In order to study the impact of that urban pollution on the zooplankton, more than 200 samples were collected between 1977 and 1981, according to several sampling strategies. Quantitatively, the study area showed a rather poor zooplankton. The more important populations were encountered near Cortiou, the non-perturbated reference point with lowest abundance of organisms. Sampling sites located near the outfall are sometimes azoic. Qualitatively, the observed communities are not characteristic of a heavily polluted environment, but correspond to an impoverished neritic community. In the more polluted area, the community is organized around the copepods Clausocalanus sp., Paracalanus sp. and Oithona helgolandica, and a group of less important species (Oithona nana and the cladoceran Evadne spinifera). Centropagidae, Coryceidae, Onceidae, but also Chaetognathians, Fritilliarins and the meroplanktonic larvae are more frequently encountered in ‘clean’ water. Community structure is higher during the cold months than summer. The latter period frequently shows a disorganized zooplankton. In most situations, the copepod Acartia clausi plays a minor role in the structural definition of the communities. The variations observed seem largely independent of the parameters reflecting pollution intensity. Stress integration, in relation with the anterior community ‘history’ (intensity of contact with polluted water, trophic potential of the area) seem to be the main regulator factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Schlagwort(e): bacteria ; zooplankton ; grazing ; tropical pond ; eutrophic
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of the study was to determine whether bacteria could be a substantial source of carbon for zooplankton and whether the grazing pressure of these metazoan filter-feeders could influence the fate of bacterial production. Eight grazing experiments using natural bacteria labelled with3H thymidine were conducted in a tropical pond (Ivory Coast) during various phases of biological colonization (rotifer-dominated and copepod-dominated phases of the colonization). Higher grazing and clearance rates were observed with rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis andHexarthra intermedia), while very low values were obtained when the cyclopoid copepodApocyclops panamensis was dominant. Less than 1% of the bacterial production was harvested when copepods were dominant, whileB. plicatilis consumed up to 36% of this production. However, this consumption of bacteria appeared to contribute only to an insignificant proportion of the daily carbon intake (e.g. 0.9 to 7.1% of body carbon for rotifers). The low contribution of bacteria in the nutrition of zooplankton is discussed in terms of their cell size and their relative abundance in the total amount of seston available.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 28 (1994), S. 427-431 
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Schlagwort(e): sedimentation ; resuspension ; trade winds ; waves ; lagoon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In shallow environments, under certain conditions of fetch, wind velocity, bathymetry and bottom characteristics, resuspension can be generated by wind induced waves. In the tropical Ebrié lagoon, austral trade winds are dominant almost all year long, and their velocity shows a marked diel pattern with maximum speed between noon and midnight. Only austral trade winds with a speed 〉3 m s−1 allow particle resuspension which is effective for depths〈1.5 m. In these areas, significantly higher values of chlorophyll biomass and mineral seston are noted during the windy sequences. Granulometric and mineralogical analyses showed that only the surficial sediment (0–3 cm) was involved in resuspension. This process induces several effects: 1) an increase of the suspended matter concentration in the water and thus a light attenuation due to a higher turbidity, 2) a redistribution in the whole water column of nutrients from the pore water and 3) a removal of the finer fractions from the superficial sediment. On the contrary, for depths〉1.5 m, particle sinking is permanent in depressions which are spontaneously transformed into anoxic systems. At the lagoon scale, sedimentation is significantly modified by wind induced resuspension. According to the bathymetry and the distance from a river, three sedimentary facies are recognized. Their grain size distributions are parabolic in areas where resuspension occurs, logarithmic in areas where no resuspension is possible and hyperbolic in the hollows and the main channels. Finally, a large part of the allochthonous inputs (from drainage and rivers) and autochthonous pelagic production is trapped into the Ebrié lagoon and less than 10% of the particles entering the lagoon are exported toward the Atlantic Ocean.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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