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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter- and intraspecific polymorphism at chloroplast SSR loci and the inheritance of plastids in Pinus radiata D. Don (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 587-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Chloroplast DNA ; SSRs ; Pinus radiata ; Plastid inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA sequence analysis of chloroplast genomes has revealed many short nucleotide repeats analogous to nuclear microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs). We designed PCR primers flanking five of these regions identified in the chloroplast sequence from Pinus thunbergii and tested them for amplification in Pinus radiata, P. elliotii, P. taeda, P. strobus, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Cupressus macrocarpa, four New Zealand native conifer species (Podocarpus totara, Podocarpus hallii, Podocarpus nivalis, Agathis australis), and four angiosperms (Vitex lucens, Nestegis cunninghamii, Actinidia chinensis, and Arabidopsis thaliana). A PCR product in the expected size range was amplified from all species and interspecific polymorphism was detected at all five loci. Intraspecific polymorphism was detected in P. radiata with four of the five primer pairs. One of these polymorphic chloroplast SSR (cpSSR) was then used to determine the inheritance of chloroplasts in 206 progeny from four control-pollinated, full-sibling P. radiata families. Approximately 99% of the progeny had the cpSSR variant of the pollen parent indicating that in Pinus radiata, like most other conifers, chloroplasts are typically inherited from the paternal parent. These results suggest that polymorphic chloroplast SSRs will be a valuable tool for studying chloroplast diversity, cyto-nuclear disequilibrium, and plastid inheritance in a range of species, and for the analysis of gene flow via pollen and paternity in species with paternal transmission of chloroplasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417952
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An allele responsible for seedling death in Pinus radiata D. Don (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 640-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Lethal allele ; Dominance ; Inbreeding depression ; Segregation distortion ; Pinus radiata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  When inbred, most outcrossing species show high mortality, manifested at several life stages. The occurrence of homozygotes for deleterious or lethal alleles is believed to be responsible. Here, we report the identification of an allele responsible for the death of selfed Pinus radiata D. Don seedlings in their first month after germination. Among 291 S1 seedlings of plus-tree 850.55, 76 died within 1 month of emergence. Their death appears to be caused by a single recessive lethal allele, SDPr (seedling death in Pinus radiata). SDPr is located in a linkage group with 28 RAPD markers, the closest of which is ai05800a. Of the 76 seedlings that died, megagametophytes of 73 could be genotyped. Of these, 71 had the null (no band) allele of ai05800a; only two had the band allele. Of the 190 surviving S1 diploids that were genotyped, only two individuals were homozygous for the null allele of ai05800a. By two different methods, the map distance between SDPr and ai05800a was estimated to be between 1.0 and 2.7 cM respectively. The frequency of band and null alleles in the combined population of dead and surviving seedlings and in un-sown seeds shows no evidence of selection at this locus prior to germination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050783
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter- and intraspecific polymorphism at chloroplast SSR loci and the inheritance of plastids in Pinus radiata D. Don (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 587-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Chloroplast DNA ; SSRs ; Pinus radiata ; Plastid inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA sequence analysis of chloroplast genomes has revealed many short nucleotide repeats analogous to nuclear microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs). We designed PCR primers flanking five of these regions identified in the chloroplast sequence from Pinus thunbergii and tested them for amplification in Pinus radiata, P. elliotii, P. taeda, P. strobus, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Cupressus macrocarpa, four New Zealand native conifer species (Podocarpus totara, Podocarpus hallii, Podocarpus nivalis, Agathis australis), and four angiosperms (Vitex lucens, Nestegis cunninghamii, Actinidia chinensis, and Arabidopsis thaliana). A PCR product in the expected size range was amplified from all species and interspecific polymorphism was detected at all five loci. Intraspecific polymorphism was detected in P. radiata with four of the five primer pairs. One of these polymorphic chloroplast SSR (cpSSR) was then used to determine the inheritance of chloroplasts in 206 progeny from four control-pollinated, full-sibling P. radiata families. Approximately 99% of the progeny had the cpSSR variant of the pollen parent indicating that in Pinus radiata, like most other conifers, chloroplasts are typically inherited from the paternal parent. These results suggest that polymorphic chloroplast SSRs will be a valuable tool for studying chloroplast diversity, cyto-nuclear disequilibrium, and plastid inheritance in a range of species, and for the analysis of gene flow via pollen and paternity in species with paternal transmission of chloroplasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050319
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of single- and multi-copy microsatellites from Pinus radiata (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 969-979 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Molecular markers ; Pinus radiata ; Microsatellites ; Multi-copy ; Null alleles ; Mutation rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Dinucleotide microsatellites were isolated from Pinus radiata using both a standard genomic library and libraries enriched for microsatellites. Locus-specific primers were designed to amplify 43 unique microsatellites. Thirty two of these loci had interpretable PCR patterns, 11 of which were polymorphic in a screen of 19 P. radiata individuals; all 11 polymorphic loci contained at least 17 repeats in the sequenced plasmid. Six of the eleven primer pairs amplified multiple fragments per individual (3–8), suggesting that these loci were present in multiple copies in the genome. Genotyping a 48-tree P. radiata production population with seven of the most polymorphic microsatellites revealed an average of 17 bands per locus (the multi-copy microsatellites were treated as one locus). When tested on known pedigrees, both single and multi-copy microsatellites exhibited co-dominant inheritance and Mendelian segregation. Two loci had null alleles and one locus had a high frequency of non-parental alleles, suggesting a high mutation rate. Eight of these microsatellites, including five multi-copy loci, were placed on a partially constructed P. radiata genetic map. Four of the five multi-copy microsatellites had two or more sets of alleles that mapped to the same locus, and the fifth mapped to two unlinked loci. All seven tested primer pairs amplified PCR products from other species of hard pine, three amplified products from soft-pine species, and one amplified bands in other conifers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050828
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of inbreeding depression in plus tree 850.55 of Pinus radiata D. Don. II. Genetics of viability genes (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 140-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Segregation distortion ; Inbreeding depression ; Viability gene ; Lethal allele ; Pinus radiata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Most coniferous species exhibit severe inbreeding depression. Selfed individuals usually have decreased viability, reduced vigour and morphological defects. The number of filled seeds after selfing Pinus radiata plus tree 850.55 was 48% that of the outcrossing, and 26.1% of the selfed seedlings died at an early stage. The segregation of 172 markers (covering 56% of the genome) in selfed progenies of radiata pine plus tree 850.55 was studied. Based on the segregation ratio of the markers, genes associated with inbreeding depression on viability were identified (P〈0.05). Using the Expectation/Conditional Maximization (ECM) algorithm, we estimated the location, degree of dominance and selection coefficient of viability genes. Nine viability genes were discovered. Seven of them appeared to be dominant and one partially dominant (degree of dominance=0.4). The other gene was overdominant or pseudo-overdominant, with selection coefficients for the two homozygotes of 0.4 and 0.42, respectively. Of the genes showing dominance or partial dominance, seven were sub-lethal with selection coefficients ranging from 0.55 to 0.79; one gene (SDPr), which was responsible for seedling death within the first month following germination, was lethal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051218
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple-marker mapping of wood density loci in an outbred pedigree of radiata pine (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 926-933 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) ; Pinus radiata ; Wood density ; Linkage group
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The objective of this study was to determine the genetic location and effects of genomic regions controlling wood density at three stages, i.e., rings corresponding to ages 1–5 (WD1_5), rings corresponding to ages 6–10 (WD6_10), and outer wood density (WD14) in a full-sib pedigree (850.055×850.096) of Pinus radiata. The number of offspring measured at these three stages were 80, 93 and 93, respectively. Only a single linkage group of the parent 850.55 was considered for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs). A multiple-marker least-squares approach was employed for mapping QTLs for each of the three traits, using a single-QTL model. Logistic regression was used for multiple-trait QTL mapping. Critical values for test-statistic were calculated empirically by ’shuffling’ the data. A putative QTL with large effect on WD1_5 appears to be segregating at the 73 cM position (experimentwise P〈0.01). The width of the 95% bootstrap confidence interval for this putative QTL was 40 cM (i.e. 56–96 cM). The effect of this QTL on the expression of wood density at later stages was diminished. From multiple-trait analysis, two marker locations (at 66 cM and 91 cM) were found to be significantly associated (experimentwise P 〈0.05) with the expression of wood density at different ages. These results are encouraging for the application of marker information to early selection in order to increase juvenile wood density, although the putative QTLs detected in this study need to be verified in an independent population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051372
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  • 7
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    Benefitcost analysis of DNA marker-based selection in progenies of Pinus radiata seed orchard parents (2001)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-01
    Description: The financial viability of DNA marker-based within-family selection (MBS) compared with full-sib family forestry was evaluated for Pinus radiata Donn. ex D. Don. Two traits were investigated: wood density (WD) and diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.4 m). Assuming 20 biallelic loci of equal additive effect controlling trait variation in 15 unrelated top full-sib families of P. radiata, marginal costs of quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection and selection were estimated based on an average of slightly less than five loci per family. We assumed a program where 10 genotypes per family per year were deployed over a 5-year period, and each replicated 100 000 times via fascicle cuttings methods. Estimated marginal costs were NZ$32 and NZ$72 per 1000 plants for WD and DBH, respectively. Genotyping costs were the single largest component for both traits. Genetic gains were estimated by modifying predicted log volumes (DBH) or proportion of structural-grade timber (WD) with and without pruning. Estimated genetic gains ranged from 3.2 to 3.4%. Net present values (assuming a 9.5% discount rate) ranged from an average of NZ$51 to NZ$621/ha. Results showed that MBS for DBH was more profitable than for WD, despite markedly higher costs of QTL detection. All trait-silviculture combinations showed financial gains with internal rates of return of 9% or greater, even when estimated revenues were decreased 70% from forecast revenues. While this analysis is based on a large number of assumptions, it is robust and the results show that significant financial gains from MBS are possible even when selection is based upon DNA markers linked to a few loci each of relatively small effect.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 8
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    Development of an autonomous video rendezvous and docking system, phase 2 (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The critical elements of an autonomous video rendezvous and docking system were built and used successfully in a physical laboratory simulation. The laboratory system demonstrated that a small, inexpensive electronic package and a flight computer of modest size can analyze television images to derive guidance information for spacecraft. In the ultimate application, the system would use a docking aid consisting of three flashing lights mounted on a passive target spacecraft. Television imagery of the docking aid would be processed aboard an active chase vehicle to derive relative positions and attitudes of the two spacecraft. The demonstration system used scale models of the target spacecraft with working docking aids. A television camera mounted on a 6 degree of freedom (DOF) simulator provided imagery of the target to simulate observations from the chase vehicle. A hardware video processor extracted statistics from the imagery, from which a computer quickly computed position and attitude. Computer software known as a Kalman filter derived velocity information from position measurements.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-170794 , NAS 1.26:170794 , MCR-83-584
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Finding Bright-Spot Coordinates in Television Images (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Circuit provides data for computer to calculate coordinates of bright spot of light in video image. Calculation performed while image being scanned, and results available immediately at end of video frame. Video-processing circuit has variety of potential uses in commerce and industry. For example, locates tagged-parts on factory assembly line or track airplane landing lights.
    Keywords: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
    Type: MFS-25999 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 9; 1; P. 65
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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