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  • 1
    Call number: AWI G7-00-0138
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Effect of snow and firn hydrology on the physical and chemical characteristics of glacial runoff. - 3 Isotopic and ionic variations in glacier river water during three contrasting ablation seasons. - 4 The hydrochemistry of runoff from a 'cold based' glacier in the high Arctic (Scott Turnerbeen, Svalbard). - 5 Hydrochemistry as an indicator of subglacial drainage system structure: a comparison of alpine and sub-polar environments. - 6 Impact of subglacial geothermal activity on meltwater quality in the Jökulsá á Sólheimasandi Sytem, Southern Iceland. - 7 Velocity-discharge relationships derived from dye tracer experiments in glacial meltwaters: implications for subglacial flow conditions. - 8 Links between proglacial stream suspended sediment dynamics, glacier hydrology and glacier motion at Midtdalsbreen, Norway. - 9 Impact of post-mixing chemical reactions on the major ion chemistry of bulk Meltwaters draining the Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Valais, Switzerland. - 10 Experimental investigations of the weathering of suspended sediment by alpine glacial meltwater. - 11 Statistical evaluation of glacier boreholes as indicators of basal drainage systems. - 12 The use of borehole video in investigating the hydrology of a temperate glacier. - 13 In situ measurements of basal water quality and pressure as an indicator of the character of subglacial drainage systems. - 14 Variability in the chemical composition of in-situ subglacial meltwaters. - 15 Seasonal reorganization of subglacial drainage inferred from measurements in boreholes. - 16 An integrated approach to modelling hydrology and water quality in glacierized catchments. - 17 Initial results from a distributed, physically based model of glacier hydrology. - 18 Towards a hydrological model for computerized ice-sheet simulations. - Index.
    Description / Table of Contents: The last decade has been a period of rapid advances in glacier hydrology and hydrochemistry. These have resulted from the application of new technologies to the direct observation of englacial and subglacial drainage systems via boreholes, from theoretical advances and from increased interactions between fieldworkers and modellers. This collection of papers captures the spirit of these advances highlighting new methodologies, the change in character of hydrological models from lumped conceptual models to physically based, distributed models, and the changing role of field studies in glacier hydrological investigations. Major themes identified in the book are: approaches to defining the structure of drainage systems in cold and temperate glaciers; investigations of the linkages between surface and subsurface components of these systems, and of hydraulic interactions between different elements of subglacial systems; seasonal changes in drainage systems properties at local and glacier wide scales; and problems of scaling up results from studies of valley glaciers to the ice sheet scale.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VI, 342 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 0471981680
    Series Statement: Advances in Hydrological Processes
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 15 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Detailed understanding of the processes which control river bank erosion requires high resolution information concerning temporal changes in bank morphology. This paper describes the successful use of digital photogrammetry to extract high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from terrestrial oblique stereopairs of rapidly eroding river banks, using the commercial software package Erdas Imagine. This software was developed for use with aerial photography and satellite imagery; problems relating to the use of oblique terrestrial images are discussed and solutions presented. Photography was acquired using semi-metric cameras, mounted on tripods and positioned about 15m from the eroding bank. Data for DEM point spacings of 20mm were obtained, with accuracies of approximately ±12mm in depth. Digital photogrammetry can permit faster analysis, provide better accuracies and involve less ground disturbance than conventional methods of monitoring river channel change. Most importantly, DEM generation is considered to be more useful than traditionally acquired points or profiles for landform monitoring strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Parasitology research 79 (1993), S. 245-250 
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The calcareous corpuscles of the protoscolex stage ofEchinococcus granulosus are irregularly spherical or ovoid in shape and have a diameter ranging between 2 and 16 μm. The central region of immature corpuscles is composed of an electron-lucent matrix containing granular deposits and, in more mature corpuscles, paired membrane lamellae. Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis of sectioned immature corpuscles demonstrated calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, whilst a quantitative analysis indicated the presence of calcium and magnesium at 142.7 and 41.3 mg/g dry weight, respectively, and inorganic phosphate at 18.0 mg/g. Assuming that the anion is predominantly carbonate, the molar ratio of Ca:Mg:HPO 4 2− :CO 3 2− is 1:0.48:0.08:1.41. X-ray diffraction patterns obtained from preparations of whole corpuscles indicated a poorly crystalline material including the mineral calcite. X-ray absorption near-edge spectra of corpuscles, taken over the phosphorus K edge, resembled those of brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) and suggest that the phosphate, within the corpuscles, is present in an amorphous, hydrated from that could be readily solubilised and mobilised for the metabolic processes of the organism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 8 (1983), S. 149-169 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: sperm morphometrics ; egg-acrosome correlation ; Oligochaeta ; Annelida ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ultrastructural variation between spermatozoa of nine lumbricid species has examined for Prearson r correlations, by principal components and coordinates analysis, and graphically, with particular reference to the acrosmoe. Results are compared with a survey of acrosome in seven other oligochaete families. Acrosome lengths correlates highly with length of the primary acrosome vesicle (PAV) though absolute lengths of the two in an acrosome may differ greatly. High correlation ofacrosome lenghts with thickness of the zone pellucida of the oocyte in lumbricida and other families is consistent with the hypothesis that intertaxon variation in acrosome length in an adaptation to the thickness of the zona. This variation is brought about by variation in the length of the acrosome tube, which is a unique structure of the Clitellasta. Correlation with zona thickness is considered premarily to be that of the acrosome (and tube) length and not of the PVA. Other sperm components do not show high correlation with zona depth, except an enigmatic correlation re of axial rod width. Lumbricid arcosome lenght shows a moderate positive allometry relative to zona depth. The short acrosome of Tubificidae and Enchytraeidae (microdriles) correlate with short oocyte microvilli and narrow zonae. Acrosome lenght-zona correlation is not a secondary expression of body size (which varies indiscriminately in lumbricids) or egg size; microdriles have larger eggs than megadriles. Mwgadrile features of the acrosome of the tubificidan Phreodrilus, including greater length, are attributed to postulated internal fertilization. It is suggested that the oliochatee acrosome penetrates the zone between, and possibly manipulated by, its microvilli before the acrosome reaction (which is briefly charaterized electron microscopically) occurs or progresses far.
    Additional Material: 32 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
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    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 261: 141-153.
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: Conventional Flood Frequency Analysis (FFA) has been criticized both for its questionable theoretical basis, and for its failure in extreme event prediction. An important research issue for FFA is the exploration of models that have theoretical/explanatory value as the first step towards more accurate predictive attempts. Self-similar approaches offer one such alternative, with a plausible theoretical basis in complexity theory that has demonstrable wide applicability across the geophysical sciences. This paper explores a simple self-similar approach to the prediction of extreme floods. Fifty river gauging records from the USA exhibiting an outlier event were studied. Fitting a simple power law (PL) relation to events with return period of 10 years or greater resulted in more accurate discharge and return period estimates for outlier events relative to the Log-Pearson III model. Similar success in predicting record events is reported for 12 long-term rainfall records from the UK. This empirical success is interpreted as evidence that self-similarity may well represent the underlying physical processes generating hydrological variables. These findings have important consequences for the prediction of extreme flood events; the PL model produces return period estimates that are far more conservative than conventional distributions.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1998-06-01
    Description: This article draws attention to the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for studies of patterns and mechanisms of water infiltration into soils, and stresses the vitally important need for collaboration between hydrologists, soil physicists and MRI experts. A brief introduction of the principles of MRI is given. This is followed by a review of the literature relating to nonpreferential infiltration, preferential infiltration exhibiting fingering and preferential infiltration involving a wide range of macropore flow. These differing degrees of complexity of infiltration dynamics require the employment of noninvasive and nondestructive techniques for their detailed investigation. Finally, an overview of applications of MRI to the detection of the spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture and its changes is given. General conclusions are drawn from previous and current research, and the potential of the application of MRI to infiltration studies is summarized.
    Print ISSN: 0309-1333
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0296
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Sage Publications
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1979-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0197-9337
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-9837
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of British Society for Geomorphology.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1992-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0197-9337
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-9837
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of British Society for Geomorphology.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-01-29
    Description: Current methods to evaluate the potential risk of earthen dam and levee failures by internal erosion fail to consider appropriate failure criteria for the initiation, continuation, and progression phases and are often based on subjective assessment. Six different internal erosion failure modes may occur within a dam or levee, its abutments, or the foundation that are triggered or facilitated by different mechanisms and therefore have different failure criteria. In non-cohesive soils, suffusion, backward erosion, heave, or concentrated leak erosion (scour) are possible, although the physical mechanisms driving the failure criterion for each of these are very different. Currently, no credible failure criteria exist for evaluation of the initiation of backward erosion. This article presents derivation of a specific failure criterion for initiation of backward erosion in non-cohesive soils using the critical kinetic energy ( E kcrit ) of initiation. Laboratory experiments conducted with different soils showed that E kcrit is affected by the physical characteristics of the soil, effective stress conditions, and angle of the seepage path. In internally stable, non-cohesive soils (e.g., uniform medium sands) with up to 6 percent non-plastic fines, backward erosion initiated when the E kcrit of seepage exceeded 0.075 Joules. In non-cohesive soils with 10 percent non-plastic fines, which are also prone to suffusion, the E kcrit for backward erosion is reduced by a factor of as much as 100. Moreover, in soil with 20 percent plastic fines, initiation of backward erosion did not occur. Concentrated leak erosion along hydraulic-induced fractures was the dominant process of internal erosion in soils with plastic fines. A new backward erosion assessment methodology based on the factor of safety is proposed for initiation of backward erosion that relates the laboratory-derived E kcrit and the anticipated maximum actual kinetic energy, as measured in the field or estimated during design. The advantage of this method is that laboratory-derived E kcrit can take into account the natural factors that affect initiation of backward erosion. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the application of the factor of safety methodology under typical field conditions.
    Print ISSN: 1078-7275
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1996-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0143-1161
    Electronic ISSN: 1366-5901
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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