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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vector containing the M13 origin of replication
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plasmid 23 (1990), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0147-619X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-619X(90)90036-C
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    v-mos-Transformed Cells Fail to Enter Quiescence but Growth Arrest in G1 Following Serum Withdrawal
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 213 (1994), S. 210-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/excr.1994.1192
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the inflammatory exudate surrounding implanted polymers using flow cytometry (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 6 (1995), S. 839-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Cellular responses to silicone and latex were investigated using flow cytometry, to determine the cells involved in the inflammatory responses and to characterize the differences in the response between these materials, if any. A panel of 11 monoclonal antibodies were selected to cover the range of cells that could be involved in the response, each antibody being directly conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The materials were implanted subcutaneously into rats in tubular form; the tubes were sealed at one end with Silastic adhesive. Two tubes per animal were implanted, using four animals per time period for 1, 2, 5 and 7 day implantation periods. After these times the animals were sacrificed and the tubes retrieved and then spun to harvest the exudate from the lumen. This exudate was analysed using flow cytometry. Significant and reproducible differences in cell number and antibody positivity were observed between these two materials. Latex had a much larger cellular response and showed significant increases in antibody positivity that involved macrophages or granulocytes of unusual size and granularity. Overlap between antibody positivity made specific characterization difficult and led to many questions about the effect of exposure to a material and its effect on cell morphology and phenotype, particularly in the case of macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00134328
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation status of platelet aggregates and platelet microparticles shed in sheared whole blood (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 747-751 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The role of temperature and shear rate in the activation status of aggregating platelets and platelet microparticles (MPs) was investigated in a modified concentric-cylinder rotational viscometer. Whole blood anticoagulated with citrate was exposed to a range of shear rates typical of cardiopulmonary bypass circuits (0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 s-1) over four temperatures spanning hypothermic to mildly hyperthermic conditions (24, 30, 37 and 42°C) for short durations (100 s). Aliquots of blood were double-stained for CD41 (platelet GPIIb/IIIa) and CD62 (P-selectin). Platelets, platelet aggregates, MPs and red blood cell-platelet and -MP aggregates were identified by flow cytometry by acquiring only CD41-positive particles and differentiating on a plot of CD41 versus forward light scatter. The activation status of each particle was quantified by measuring CD62 expression (α-granule release). A degree of correlation between the shedding of MPs and the formation of platelet–platelet aggregates was observed for the data as a whole (r=0.85 for p〈0.01), although this trend was not observed for a shear rate of 4000 s-1. The mean expression of CD62 on both platelets and MPs was maintained at a very low level for all temperature and shear rate combinations. There was, however, a number of very highly activated MPs associated with red blood cells at high shear rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018556427716
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of temperature and shear rate on platelet aggregation (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 887-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Samples of whole blood were obtained from male volunteers and exposed to combinations of shear rates and temperatures representative of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in a modified computer-controlled concentric cylinder rotational viscometer for a period of 100 s. Blood sampled from the chamber was fixed in paraformaldehyde, stained with CD41 and analysed by flow cytometry. Only platelet-positive particles were acquired, each individual cell, or aggregate of cells, identified by analysis of its fluorescence and forward light scatter characteristics. Little platelet aggregation was observed at shear rates of less than 4000 s-1 for temperatures of greater than 24°C, but large numbers of aggregates were formed at all temperatures at 4000 s-1 (p〈0.05), with more aggregates forming at 24 and 30°C than at 37 and 42°C (p〈0.05). We conclude that the process of aggregation is dependent on both temperature and shear rate. We note that a large number of platelets become involved in aggregates under conditions of temperature and shear-rate typical of CPB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018510006760
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemocompatiblity of controlled release glass (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1998), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract There are many medical applications which benefit from the use of soluble biomaterials, including the sustained release of drugs over a precise period of time, or temporary conduits for controlling nerve regrowth. We have manufactured a series of phosphate-based controlled release glasses (CRGs) in which the solubility could be controlled by varying the concentration of CaO and Na2O. Fibres of the CRG containing iron and cerium were placed into direct contact with human neutrophils and macrophages in tissue culture for 2.5 and 24 h respectively and the responses analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy. The supernatants were analysed for the cytokine IL-1β by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Disks of CRG of various compositions were placed in contact with whole blood for 30 min and platelet adhesion assessed by SEM. Activation of platelets, granulocytes and complement were quantified by ELISA for β-thromboglobulin, elastase and iC3b. Intrinsic coagulation activation was measured by timing the clotting of recalcified plasma. Only the cerium fibre inhibited IL-1β release from macrophages. No platelet adhesion was observed to any disk composition. Three compositions containing MgO inhibited plasma clotting and showed an insignificant level of complement activation. This study has demonstrated the development of a number of compositions of CRG, which have great potential in a wide variety of biomedical applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008830025416
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of the host response to implanted polymers in vivo by flow cytometry (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 666-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A series of medical grade polymers and one non-medical grade polymer, in the form of tubes closed at one end, were implanted subcutaneously into the dorso-lumbar region of rats. The samples were retrieved after 1, 2, 5, 7 and 14 days and the exudate which formed within the lumen of the tubes analysed by flow cytometry. Positivity for each of six antibodies: CD45RO (pan leucocyte), OX42 (macrophage/monocyte), CD5 (T-lymphocyte), CD45RA (B-lymphocyte), Interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor and Major Histocompatibility class II (MHC-II) antigen were tested. The volumes of exudates and their total cellularities varied greatly from material to material, but there was no relationship between the two. Silicone, for example, had the greatest exudate volume at all time periods, but the lowest cellularities after day 5. Large numbers of granulocytes and macrophages were observed in all materials, with smaller populations of T-lymphocytes, which also demonstrated high IL-2 receptor expression. High levels of MHC-II expression were observed and attributed mainly to the macrophage population. All materials demonstrated the very reactive nature of this type of model: a massive inflammatory reaction continuing right up to 14 days in all cases, seemingly acute in cellular composition with high immunological activity. It is concluded that flow cytometry is an extremely useful tool in probing the interaction of cells with artificial materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120353
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platelet reactions to modified surfaces under dynamic conditions (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1998), S. 767-772 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of surfaces on the reactions of platelets in whole blood under laminar flow was investigated in a cone and plate viscometer. Citrated whole blood was exposed to steel, PMMA and PMMA modified with PEO at low (500 s−1) and high (4000 s−1) wall shear rates at room temperature for a period of 100 s. Treated blood samples were fixed with paraformaldehyde, stained with a monoclonal antibody for CD41 (platelet GPIIb/IIIa) conjugated with phycoerythrin and analyzed by flow cytometry. The reactions of platelets (microparticle generation and formation of platelet–platelet, platelet–red blood cell and red blood cell–microparticle aggregates) to these environments were quantified. Additionally, the size of platelet–platelet aggregates was assessed. The percentage platelet aggregation and numbers of microparticles generated were independent of surface type at any shear rate. The composition of the aggregates formed was influenced by the surface: at low and high shear rates PMMA caused the generation of platelet–platelet aggregates of the greatest size. The numbers of red blood cell–platelet and red blood cell–microparticle aggregates also varied depending on the surface. Fewer red blood cell–platelet aggregates were formed at higher shear rates, whereas the reverse was true for red blood cell–microparticle aggregates. It is concluded that these variations may help to explain the differential effects of surfaces to the induction of distant thrombotic events: microparticles may be protected from loss from the blood stream by their association with red blood cells at high shear rates. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008971406590
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformational transitions in oriented fibres of the synthetic polynucleotide poly[d(AT)]·poly[d(AT)] double helix (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 301 (1983), S. 535-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Davies and Baldwin1 observed that the sodium salt of poly [d(AT)] poly [d(AT)] could assume not only the crystalline A and semi-crystalline B forms observed for naturally occurring Na-DNAs25 but also a new conformation which was designated D. In the case of Li-poly[d(AT)] poly[d(AT)], the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/301535a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The C conformation is a low salt form of sodium DNA (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 296 (1982), S. 267-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The DNAs studied were calf thymus, Clostridium perfringens, herring sperm, pollock roe, salmon sperm, Escherichia coli (all from Sigma), SP 15 (from Professor M. Mandel), T2 phage, Micrococcus lysodeikticus (both from Miles), 〈£W-14n, and poly(dA-dC)- poly(dG-dT). The final stage in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/296267a0
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