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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by Hudson River sediment organisms: specificity to the chlorination pattern of congeners (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 27 (1993), S. 1190-1192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00043a020
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term study of the anaerobic dechlorination of Aroclor 1254 with and without biphenyl enrichment (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 27 (1993), S. 714-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00041a015
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reductive Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in St. Lawrence River Sediments and Variations in Dechlorination Characteristics (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 28 (1994), S. 2054-2064 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00061a013
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of microbial PCB dechlorination by chlorobenzoates, chlorophenols and chlorobenzenes (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 42 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We investigated the effects of chlorobenzoates (3-, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,3,5- and 2,4,6-chlorobenzoate), chlorophenols (2,3-, 3,4-, 2,5-, 2,3,6- and penta-chlorophenol), and chlorobenzenes (1,2-, 1,2,3-, 1,2,4- and penta-chlorobenzene) on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) dechlorination and on the enrichment of PCB-dechlorinating microorganisms. When the natural microbial populations eluted from St. Lawrence River sediments were enriched with each of the 15 haloaromatic compounds (HACs) in PCB-free sediments, PCB-dechlorinating microorganisms were found in all but pentachlorophenol-amended sediments. Similarly, dechlorinating microorganisms were also found in PCB-spiked sediments amended with all HACs, except for those with pentachlorophenol. In HAC-amended PCB sediments there was a long lag in PCB dechlorination until the HACs were reduced to a plateau level. Despite this lag, once PCB dechlorination started it was faster in the HAC-amended sediments compared to the unamended controls. The overall extent of PCB dechlorination was significantly enhanced by all HACs except pentachlorophenol and pentachlorobenzene, but the extent as well as the pattern of the enhancement varied. Of the 13 effective HACs, six (2,3-, 2,4- and 2,4,6-chlorobenzoates; 3,4- and 2,3,6-chlorophenols; and 1,2,3-chlorobenzene) enhanced only meta-dechlorination, whereas five (3-chlorobenzoate; 2,3- and 2,5-chlorophenols; and 1,2- and 1,2,4-chlorobenzenes) increased both meta- and para-dechlorination, and two (2,5- and 2,3,5-chlorobenzoates) promoted overall, substitution non-specific dechlorination. When the maximum extent of dechlorination was plotted against the highest number of PCB-dechlorinating microorganisms for each HAC, there was a linear relationship (P〈0.01), suggesting that dechlorination enhancement was related to the increase in their population size. However, there was also evidence to suggest that different dechlorinating microorganisms were selected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00994.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants and trace metals on phytoplankton and implications for toxicity assessment (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of aquatic ecosystem stress and recovery 1 (1992), S. 175-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5141
    Keywords: sorption kinetics ; hydrophobic organic contaminants ; trace metals ; toxicity assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The partitioning of trace metals and hydrophobic organic contaminants to phytoplankton determines their toxicity as well as their fate and transport in aquatic ecosystems. Accurate impact assessments, therefore, depend on a good understanding of the factors regulating the sorption of these compounds to biotic particles. The accumulation of chlorinated organic compounds in phytoplankton is generally considered as being due solely to physical sorption, described by reversible equilibrium models based on Langmuir or Freundlich isotherms. On the other hand, the uptake of trace metals is a two phase process: a fast sorption component viewed as an ionexchange or a covalent bonding process with cell surface ligands, followed by an intracellular transport phase that is dependent on cellular metabolic activity. The uptake of inorganic and hydrophobic organic pollutants and their bioaccumulation are influenced in a complex manner by duration of exposure and cell density, by environmental factors such as pH, the concentration of cations and of dissolved and colloidal organic matter, as well as by phytoplankton physiological condition. High concentrations of H+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions will reduce trace metal sorption by directly competing for uptake sites on the cell's surface, whereas the presence of dissolved organic carbon such as natural and synthetic chelators and phytoplankton exudates will reduce the bioavailability of both trace metals and hydrophobic organic contaminants. Thus, the impact of toxic contaminants on phytoplankton may be determined as much by the factors influencing uptake and partitioning as by the potency of the toxicants and interspecies differences in sensitivity. Recommendations for improving toxicity assessments are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044714
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphate uptake in P-limited phytoplankton, induced by light intensity and spectral quality (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 160 (1988), S. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: alkaline phosphatase ; P uptake ; light ; light spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Alkaline phosphatase activity and P uptake were determined in P-limited Dunaliella tertiolecta, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Phaeodactylum tricornumtum, and Prymnesium parvum grown under different light intensities and colors. Both intracellular and extracellular enzyme activities varied with the intensity and quality of light in a species-specific manner. The spectral composition of the light also affected P uptake kinetics. No correlation was found between enzyme activity and Vmax both within a species and for pooled data for all four species, indicating that the change in uptake kinetics and enzyme activity was not related to P limitation, but induced by the light conditions. Changes in the optimum N:P ratio induced by light were also not related to P uptake kinetics or enzyme activity. These data suggest that light conditions may in themselves have profound effects on species competition for limiting nutrients. Furthermore, since both alkaline phosphatase activity and P uptake were influenced by the prevailing light conditions we suggest that these parameters be used cautiously when determining the P nutritional status of phytoplankton in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015480
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The eso nearby abell cluster survey (ENACS) (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics 38 (1995), S. 367-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8191
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A statistically reliable distribution of velocity dispersions free from biases and systematic errors for a sample of ACO clusters is obtained. This distribution is compared with other data and model predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02044715
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of microalgae isolated from flooded rice paddies: light-limited growth, C fixation, growth efficiency and relative N and P requirement (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 3 (1991), S. 211-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: light-limited growth ; carbon fixation ; growth efficiency ; N:P ratio ; luxury storage ; rice paddy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seven unialgal isolates from rice paddies,Ankistrodesmus convolutus, Chlorella sp.,Scenedesmus quadricauda, Frustulia vulgaris, Anabaena sp.,Microcystis aeruginosa andPhormidium mucicola, were investigated for their light-limited growth and photosynthetic characteristics, growth efficiency, and relative requirement for N and P as well as their storage potentials. The maximum growth rate (μmax) ranged from 1.27 to 2.72 d−1 among species. The slope of light-limited growth (αg) showed only small interspecies differences (0.126–0.204 d−1 W−1 m2) except inS. quadricauda (0.092 d−1 W−1 m2). Similarly, the ratio of μmax to αg, Ik(g), varied within a narrow range (8.7–13.9 W m−2) with the exception ofS. quadricauda (19.5 W m−2). The slope of the photosynthetic curve based on chlorophylla (chla), αp(a), was significantly higher in cyanobacteria (0.118–0.189 mg C mg chla −1h−1W−1m2) than in other species (0.070–0.094 mg C mg chla −1h−1W−1m2). The maximum photosynthetic rate based on chla (Pmax(a)) was similar (2.95–3.83 mg C mg chla −1 h−1) with the exception of a high value (6.17 mg C mg chla −1 h−1) inM. aeruginosa. A significant correlation (P〈0.001) existed between αp(a) and Pmax(a). The C-specific maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax(c)) was inversely correlated to the C/chla ratio. Growth efficiency (μeff), the efficiency to retain photosynthetically-fixed C for growth, showed an interspecies variation ranging from 73–93% and was correlated to the μmax:Pmax(c) ratio. Cyanobacteria exhibited higher efficiency than others. The ratio of Pmax:αp, Ik(p), was higher than Ik(g) by 2.0 to 3.8 times. The optimum N:P ratio, determined as the ratio of minimum cell quotas of N to P (qoN:qoP), showed a wide interspecies variability. It was highest inP. mucicola (54) and lowest inF. vulgaris (10). The maximum storage capacity for excess P and N also varied among species; the maximum capacity for P ranged from 2 to 14 times of its immediate need and the capacity for N varied from 1.2 to 4 times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00003579
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen and carbon fixation byAnabaena sp. isolated from a rice paddy and grown under P and light limitations (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 3 (1991), S. 335-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: nitrogen fixation ; light limitation ; phosphorus limitation ; cyanobacteria ; Anabaena sp. ; rice paddy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Anabaena sp., isolated from a rice paddy, was investigated for its nitrogen fixation as measured by acetylene reduction activity (ARA) in P-limited continuous and light-limited semi-continuous cultures. Growth rate (μ) under P limitation was a function of cell P content (q p). Both the photosynthetic capacity (Pmax) and photosynthetic efficiency (α) increased with μ when expressed per cell, but not per unit chla. The ARA of steady-state cells under P limitation increased with μ and was linearly related to C-fixation rate. This was apparently a consequence of the control of C-fixation by P limitation. In light-limited cells, steady state ARA, both at the culture light intensity and in the dark, increased asymptotically with μ, but the activity in the dark was only about 51% of that in the light. When the light level of steady-state cells grown at a high in intensity was switched to a low level, ARA decreased exponentially with time. Dark ARA activity also showed a similar decline, but at much lower levels. Thus, ARA depended not only on light history, but also immediate photosynthesis. Steady-state ARA at the ambient intensity or in the dark showed a strong correlation with14C-fixation rate. ARA of light-limited cells showed the same light-saturation characteristics as their14C-fixation, with the same initial saturation intensity,I k. The ratios of Pmax to the maximum ARA (ARAmax), and α to the slope of ARA (αara) were identical. A comparison of gross to net photosynthesis and N2 fixation suggested that there was little leakage or excretion of fixed C or N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02392887
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous culture algal bioassays for organic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 188-189 (1989), S. 247-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Short-term responses of phytoplankton to organic pollutants are highly transitory. Time-course studies of non-steady state cells in continuous culture showed varying growth or photosynthetic responses such as enchancement, inhibition, adaptation (or development of resistance) or rebound, depending on the direction of changes in the intracellular toxicant concentration and the duration of exposure. However, steady-state cells in a two-stage chemostat system exhibited an increased tolerance to toxicants and subtle physiological effects such as photosynthetic enhancement which was accompanied by a considerable leakage of photosynthesates. It is important to understand such steady-state responses for the prediction and assessment of ecological impact by organic pollution on phytoplankton, since the time scale of changes in the toxicant/biomass ratio in most natural waters is long enough to approximate an equilibrium state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027790
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