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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IMPACT OF RIPARIAN FOREST BUFFERS ON AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 34 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A field monitoring study of a riparian forest buffer zone was conducted to determine the impact of the riparian ecosystem on reducing the concentration of agricultural nonpoint source pollutants. Groundwater samples were collected from 20 sampling locations between May 1993 and December 1994, and analyzed for NO3-N, PO4, and NH4-N. Statistical analyses such as Friedman's test, cluster analysis, cross correlation analysis and Duncan's test were performed for the nutrient data. The study showed that the ripanan buffer zone was effective in reducing nitrate concentrations originating from upland agricultural fields. Instream nitrate concentrations were 48 percent less than those measured in the agricultural field. Reductions in concentrations in sampling locations at the wetland edge ranged from 16 to 70 percent. The mean nitrate concentrations in forested hill slope were 45 percent less than concentrations in a well located in an upland agricultural field. Meanwhile, the concentrations of phosphate and ammonia did not follow any specific spatial trend and were generally higher during the summer season for most sampling locations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb04143.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root growth as influenced by aggregate size (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 99 (1987), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Root deflection ; Root impedance ; Soil aggregates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This study examined the effects of aggregate size on root impedance and developed an equation to describe the root pressure necessary to avoid deflection around an aggregate. This critical root pressure was predicted to increase with increasing aggregate size, decreasing root diameter, and decreasing deflection angle. In growth chamber experiments, maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings were grown in A horizon material of Groseclose silt loam (Clayey, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludult). The soil had been moist sieved into different aggregate sizes (0–1, 1–2, 2–3, and 3–6 mm diameter). The larger aggregates did constitute a slight root impedance as roots were deflected around them. Diameters of roots grown in 3–6 mm aggregates increased significantly, whereas root lengths were not always signficantly decreased. The smaller aggregates did not impede root growth and were readily displaced by roots. Large aggregates were more of an impedance to lateral roots than to main axes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370873
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of storage methods on corn root length measurements (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 111 (1988), S. 155-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: root diameter ; root length ; root mass ; root storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This study evaluated the changes in root length, mass, and diameter after air drying and rehydration of corn (Zea mays L.) root samples. For corn roots washed from soil, rehydrated root length was not reduced when compared with fresh root length, but rehydrated root mass was reduced to about half of fresh root mass, and rehydrated root diameter was approximately 75% of fresh diameter. Three storage methods (air dried, 70% ethanol, and 5% formaldehyde solution) were also compared for corn roots grown in moist paper towels. Although root mass and diameter were significantly reduced by air drying, root length was not altered by any of the treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182051
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of African annual clovers to moisture stress in two Ethiopian highland soils (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 133 (1991), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: forage production ; nitrogen fixation ; Trifolium sp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Five annual clover species from Ethiopia and Kenya were evaluated in greenhouse studies for biomass production, water use efficiency, and total nitrogen (N) accumulation when grown under different moisture conditions. Two Ethiopian highland soils (Nitosol and Vertisol) were maintained under either high or low soil moisture conditions until maturity. The largest biomass yields and N accumulations occurred in the high moisture treatment on both soils. One species (Trifolium tembense) was superior to the other four in biomass production over all soil and moisture treatments. Two species (T. decorum and T. quartinianum) were intermediate in performance, and two species (T. rueppellianum and T. steudneri) demonstrated low productivity over treatments. The results imply that at least three of the clovers evaluated may be capable of substantial biomass production and N accumulation on two Ethiopian soils that are commonly found in the central African highlands. These clovers should be evaluated in field trials in Africa to determine their use as pasture legumes to support livestock production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009199
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fecal indicator organisms below an on-site wastewater system with low pressure distribution (1992)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 63 (1992), S. 201-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Two antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli strains and two host-specific coliphage strains were evaluated in a shallow-placed low pressure distribution (LPD) system placed in a soil that was unsuitable for a conventional system because of shallow depth to a restrictive soil horizon. Four independent LPD subsystems were installed with loading rates of 4.5, 5.7, 9.0, (loading rates based on Virginia regulations), and 17.5 L d−1 m−2; narrow trench design). The evaluation was conducted under different moisture and temperature conditions (summer 1989, and the winter 1990) and focused on the fate and transport of the biological tracers below each subsystem. All subsystems performed equally well with respect to hydraulic performance and retention of the biological tracers. Results indicated that 〉99.9% of the bacterial and coliphage tracers were retained within the subsystems during the summer of 1989, and 〉99% were retained during the winter of 1990.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00475631
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of deniotrification in two shallow-placed low pressure distribution systems (1994)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 73 (1994), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Nitrate removal by biological denitrification was examined in two shallow-placed low pressure distribution (LPD) systems located in soils that were unsuitable for conventional disposal systems because of shallow depth to restrictive soil horizons in an Edom soil or to fractured shale in a Penn-Bucks soil. Four independent LPD subsystems were installed in the Edom soil with actual loading rates of 2.3, 2.9, 4.6, and 8.9 L d−1 m−2 while three subsystems were installed in the Penn-Bucks soil with actual loading rates of 3.6, 7.2 and 15.3 L d−1 m−2. Maximal rates of nitrate loss through denitrification were determined in the laboratory based on the acetylene block procedure, while actual field denitrification rates were estimated based on nitrate:chloride ratios. In the Edom soil, all four LPD subsystems demonstrated the same potential rates of denitrification in laboratory tests, while field estimates of nitrate loss ranged from 2% to 21% over the four subsystems. These low field denitrification rates were attributed to lower-than-designed loading rates which maintained aerobic conditions. In the Penn-Bucks soil, the subsystem dosed at 15.3 L d−1 m−2 failed within six months of installation and was not used further. The subsystem loaded at the rate of 7.2 L−1 m−2 yielded higher rates of denitrification under laboratory studies as compared to the subsystem loaded at 3.6 L d−1 m−2, and a similar trend was observed in field nitrate losses through denitrification which were 71% and 65%, respectively. These high denitrification rates (compared to the Edom subsystems) indicated that anaerobic conditions were present in the Penn-Bucks subsystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477978
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil and Minespoil Fill as Media for Renovation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Domestic Wastewater (1998)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 102 (1998), S. 361-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: alternative on-site wastewatertreatment and disposal systems ; fill material ; low pressuredistribution systems ; minespoil ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; wastewater renovation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Development of Appalachian coal mining regions of the USA has been severely hampered by lack of domestic waste disposal technologies suited to fills. The suitability of on-site wastewater treatment and disposal systems (OSWTDS) in fill material is uncertain due to the effects of surface mining on soil physical properties. This research was conducted to evaluate the potential for renovation of N and P present in domestic wastewater by fills produced from mining operations. Nitrogen and P were chosen because of their potential adverse environmental impacts. Soil-fill (a mixture of Jefferson, fine-loamy, siliceous, mesic Typic Hapludult and Muskingom, fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Dystrochrept soils) and minespoil (spoil)-fill (blasted rock material associated with the Taggart Marker and Low Splint Bench coal seams of the Upper Middle Wise Formation) were used in this study. Septic tank effluent (STE) and sand filter effluent (SFE) were applied to spoil-fill columns at four loading rates (0, 5.4, 10.8, and 21.6 L m-2d-1) and spoil-fill columns at one loading rate (21.6 L m-2d-1) for a period of 20 wk. Renovation of wastewater was assessed by determining the concentration of N and P present in column leachate. Reduction of inorganic N (NO3 - + NH4 +), based on N/Cl ratios, ranged from 14.9 to 32.1% after the varying application rates of STE and SFE passed through the soil columns. However, leachate NO3 --N concentrations were still above the 10 mg-1 drinking water standard. The quantity of P emerging from the spoil-fill columns (3.0 mg P L-1) was higher than anticipated and may be related to the indigenous P present in the minespoil. Sorption of P in the soil-fill column decreased with increased STE and SFE application (reductions ranged from 99.1 to 74.4%). Results from this study indicate that there is potential for renovating wastewater in OSWTDS in selected soil-fill areas in reclaimed minelands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004943424958
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perception of technical personnel on research and education needs for land application of sewage sludge (1984)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 22 (1984), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A questionnaire was developed and sent to individuals involved in waste management to get their perspective on problem areas associated with land application of sewage sludge that need additional research. From their responses, a list of research priorities was formulated to give direction to future research in land application of sewage sludge. All the questions received a mean response that was greater than 2.9 out of a possible 5.0, indicating that all the topics listed were considered to be important and should be evaluated further. Two topics: (1) educating the public, and (2) accumulation of heavy metals in soils, had the highest mean response. Entrance of heavy metals into the food chain, methods of determining heavy metals in sludge or in sludge-amended soils, protection of the water through a monitoring system and methods of applying sewage sludge to agricultural lands were other topics which had high mean response values. In general, the surveyed population targeted the health aspects of land application, public acceptance, and protection of the environment, both soil and water, as the key issues for additional emphasis and research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163098
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  • 9
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    Infuence of Calcium, Nitrogen, and pH on Alfalfa Root Growth and Nitrogen Fixation Using the Implanted Soil Mass Technique 1 (1987)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0645
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Corn Response to Sulfur Application in Coastal Plain Soils 1 (1983)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0645
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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