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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Kenya Rift Lakes: Modern and Ancient : Limnology and Limnogeology of Tropical Lakes in a Continental Rift (2023)
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin Heidelberg :
    Details
    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Freshwater ecology. ; Marine ecology. ; Geochemistry. ; Environment. ; Earth Sciences. ; Water. ; Freshwater and Marine Ecology. ; Geochemistry. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: From the Contents: History of research on the geology and biology of the Kenya Rift lakes -- Geology of the Kenya Rift Valley -- Environmental setting of the Kenya Rift Valley -- Limnology and sedimentology of tropical lakes – a short introduction -- The Northern Kenya Rift -- The Central Kenya Rift -- Lake Victoria -- The Southern Kenya - Northern Tanzania Rift -- Small lakes and wetlands of the Kenya Rift.
    Abstract: This book is the first comprehensive account of the modern Kenya Rift Valley lakes and their precursor lakes preserved in the sedimentary record. The first part gives the broad geological and environmental background to the Kenya Rift and a history of research. In the second part, each modern lake is described from perspectives of geology, limnology, ecology, sedimentology and late Quaternary history. The fossil lake sediments, some linked to hominin sites, and their paleoenvironmental history are considered in the third part. In the fourth section, the global tectonic, volcanic and climate controls of lake evolution in continental rifts are examined. The last section discusses the resource potential of the lakes and their sediments, and the environmental issues that currently affect the modern lakes. This research-level book (geology, paleoecology) is illustrated throughout by original figures and photographs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXVI, 977 p. 375 illus., 367 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783642250552
    Series Statement: Syntheses in Limnogeology,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25055-2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-25055-2
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genesis of large siliceous stromatolites at Frying Pan Lake, Waimangu geothermal field, North Island, New Zealand (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Lilypad stromatolites, up to 3 m long and 1·5 m wide, were found to be actively growing in the shallow marginal waters of Frying Pan Lake and its outflow channel. These stromatolites, composed of Phormidium (〉 90%), Fischerella, and a variety of other microbes, develop through a series of distinct growth stages. Dark green microbial mats cover the floor of the outflow channel and give rise to columns of various sizes and shapes in the shallower marginal waters. Once the columns reach the water level, the mats spread laterally to form a lilypad stromatolite. The lilypads are characterized by a raised, dark green rim, 4–5 mm high, that encircles a flat interior covered with a distinctive orange-red mat. The microbes forming the columns and lilypad plate are being actively silicified. The stromatolites are formed of: (i) flat-lying Phormidium filaments (P-laminae), (ii) upright filaments of Phormidium that are commonly associated with Fischerella (U-laminae), and (iii) mucus, diatoms and pyrite framboids (M-laminae). P-laminae dominate most of the columns, with tripartite cycles of P-, U-, to M-laminae being found mostly in the upper parts of the stromatolites. The transition from the P- to U-laminae is marked by a change in the growth pattern of the Phormidium and branching of Fischerella, which was probably triggered by a change in environmental conditions. In the Frying Pan Lake outflow channel, this change may be related to fluctuations in water level and flow rates that are caused by periods of heavy rain, seasonal changes, long-term variations in rainfall, and/or the unique 40-day hydrological cycle that exists between Frying Pan Lake and Inferno Crater, which is a nearby hydrothermal crater lake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00739.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth patterns and implications of complex dendrites in calcite travertines from Lýsuhóll, Snæfellsnes, Iceland (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Sedimentology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Calcite dendrite crystals are important but poorly understood components of calcite travertine that forms around many hot springs. The Lýsuhóll hot-spring deposits, located in western Iceland, are formed primarily of siliceous sinters that were precipitated around numerous springs that are now inactive. Calcite travertine formed around the vent and on the discharge apron of one of the springs at the northern edge of the area. The travertine is formed largely of two types (I and II) of complex calcite dendrite crystals, up to 1 cm high, that grew through the gradual addition of trilete sub-crystals. The morphology of the dendrite crystals was controlled by flow direction and the competition for growth space with neighbouring crystals. Densely crowded dendrites with limited branching characterize the rimstone dams whereas widely spaced dendrites with open branching are found in the pools. Many dendrite bushes in the pools nucleated around plant stems. Growth of the dendrite crystals was seasonal and incremental. Calcite precipitation was driven by rapid CO2 degassing of CO2-rich spring waters during the spring and summer. During winter, when snow covered the ground and temperatures were low, opal-A precipitated on the exposed surfaces of the dendrites. Segmentation of dendrite branches by discontinuities coated with opal-A and overgrowth development around sub-crystals resulted from this seasonal growth cycle. The calcite dendrite crystals in the Lýsuhóll travertine differ in morphology from those at other hot springs, such as those at Lake Bogoria, Kenya, and Waikite in New Zealand. Comparison with the calcite dendrite crystals found at those sites shows that dendrite morphology is site-specific and probably controlled by carbonate saturation levels that, in turn, are controlled by the rate of CO2 degassing and location in the spring outflow system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00742.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of silica oncoids around geysers and hot springs at El Tatio, northern Chile (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 44 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Siliceous oncoids, up to 4 cm in diameter, are common on the laterally extensive sinter aprons that surround the spectacular geysers and hot springs at El Tatio in northern Chile. Many of these complex oncoids developed close to geyser and spring vents that discharge boiling water. Internally the oncoids, which are composed of precipitated amorphous silica, are formed of complex arrays of spicules and concentric laminae as well as detrital volcanic grains. Spicular growth is dominant in most examples. The formation and growth of the spicules and concentric laminae were mediated by a microbial community which included filamentous microbes, mucus, and possibly bacteria. The microbes and mucus were silicified by replacement and encrustation. In some laminae the filamentous microbes lay parallel to the growth surface; in other laminae most filaments forming the thin mats were suberect. Amorphous silica precipitated between the filaments occluded porosity and commonly disguised the microbial fabric.The oncoids grew on the proximal sinter aprons around the geyser vents and hot spring pools. Most growth took place subaerially with the silica delivered to the precipitation sites by splashing water from the geysers and/or periodic shallow flooding of the discharge aprons. Unlike silica oncoids at other geothermal sites, vertical growth of oncoids that formed in some rimstone pools was not limited by water depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1997.tb01525.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and growth of aragonite crystals in hot-spring travertines at Lake Bogoria, Kenya Rift Valley (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Pseudohexagonal aragonite crystals are common components in some hot-spring travertines at Chemurkeu on the western shore of Lake Bogoria, Kenya. Beds, lenses and pods of aragonite crystals are intercalated with beds of white non-crystallographic calcite dendrites. The pseudohexagonal aragonite crystals, which are up to 4 cm long and 4 mm wide, are formed of nested skeletal crystals. Each skeletal crystal is formed of cyclical twinned crystals that are constructed of stacked subcrystals. The latter are inclined at a consistent angle of 40° to the long axis of the pseudohexagonal aragonite crystal. Intense competition for space during growth modified the crystal morphology with the result that many of the pseudohexagonal crystals are distorted. Intercrystalline and intracrystalline pores are filled or partly filled by epitaxial aragonite overgrowths and/or reticulate microbial coatings that have a high concentration of Si and Mg. In places, this extracellular mucus induced etching of the underlying aragonite crystal.Today the hot (T〉95 °C) Na-HCO3-Cl spring waters at Chemurkeu have a salinity of 5–6 g L−1 TDS, a pH of 8·1–9·1, Ca2+ concentrations of 〈2 mg L−1 and Mg2+ concentrations of 〈0·7 mg L−1, The springs of the Lake Bogoria Geothermal Field are fed by a shallow aquifer (T∼100 °C) and a deeper aquifer (T∼170 °C). Springs at Chemurkeu derive from meteoric groundwater, lake water and condensed steam, and are fed mainly from the shallow thermal aquifer. Much of the aragonite may have formed when the spring waters contained more dissolved Ca2+ than today, possibly under more humid conditions during the Holocene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.1996.d01-7.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal fabrics and microbiota in large pisoliths from Laguna Pastos Grandes, Bolivia (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 41 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Large pisoliths from the Laguna Pastos Grandes playa in the Bolivian Altiplano have a wide diversity of cortical fabrics and variable mineralogical composition. The cortical laminae are composed of radial calcite bundles, spar calcite, micrite, amorphous silica, mixed micrite-amorphous silica, quartz, gypsum and halite. Diatoms are common in the outer parts of some radial calcite laminae and amorphous silica laminae, but cyanobacterial filaments are rare. Although the organization of the cortical laminae is highly variable, some repetitive sequences of different laminae are present. Cavities in and between pisoliths contain micrite, detrital grains, calcite bundles and peloids morphologically similar to those found in marine reefs.The pisoliths grow in shallow ephemeral pools fed by hot springs. Radial bundles of calcite precipitate rapidly by degassing and photosynthetic removal of CO2 following spring snowmelt. Conditions for micrite precipitation are unclear, but there is evidence to suggest formation in partially stagnant waters, some of elevated salinity. Amorphous silica laminae precipitate mainly by evaporative concentration; quartz may precipitate from warm silica-rich spring waters that remain below amorphous silica saturation. The evaporite minerals form during desiccation of the pools or from spray. The peloids in cavities are probably primary precipitates. Different types of laminae may form simultaneously in different pools because of the highly variable conditions across the playa.Lateral migration of spring locations through time has created a complex carbonate-silica pavement. Large spherical pisoliths form in outflow channels near spring orifices and across discharge aprons where waters are several decimetres deep. With mineral precipitation, channels are filled and become shallow, producing discoid pisoliths and crusts. In shallow waters and on distal aprons only small pisolith gravels form. As spring pools fill with deposits, their locations shift laterally; new pisoliths form elsewhere or precipitation may recommence on older abandoned pisoliths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1994.tb01448.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of Tibetan uplift on the formation and preservation of Tertiary lacustrine source-rocks in eastern China (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 11 (1994), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: petroleum source rocks ; lake sediments ; paleoclimate ; monsoon ; Tertiary ; eastern China ; Tibetan Plateau
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Cenozoic continental sedimentary basins in eastern China are rich in lacustrine source rocks. Based on their paleogeographic location and fossils, these basins can be grouped into ‘inland’ and ‘near-shore’ basins. Before the collision of India and Eurasia about 45 million years ago, the inland basins were dominated by arid climates that were unfavorable for the substantial preservation of oil source rocks. In contrast, the contemporary near-shore basins experienced alternating arid and humid climates, probably induced by sea level changes, which produced conditions that favoured the formation and preservation of oil source rocks. With the rise of the Tibetan Plateau, the Asian monsoon was initiated or significantly intensified in the Late Eocene. This, in turn, changed the arid climates in the inland basins to humid or to alternating arid and humid, providing ideal conditions for the formation and preservation of lacustrine source rocks in the inland basins. The evidence suggests that Tibetan uplift played a crucial role in the generation and preservation of the Cenozoic lacustrine source rocks in eastern China.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00683269
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The First International Limno-geological Congress, Geological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, August 21–25, 1995 (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 15 (1996), S. 287-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213049
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology, distribution, and preservation potential of microbial mats in the hydromagnesite-magnesite playas of the Cariboo Plateau, British Columbia, Canada (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 267 (1993), S. 75-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Saline lakes ; playas ; mudflats ; microbial mats ; stromatolites ; microbolites ; hydromagnesite ; magnesite ; dolomite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Benthic microbial mats are common in the alkaline hydromagnesite-magnesite playa lakes of Interior British Columbia. Four main zones are recognized based on mat morphology that can be related to the type and duration of wetting. From the basin margin toward the playa centre they are: (i) vegetated hummocky ground; (ii) polygonal hummocky ground; (iii) low-domal and stratiform mats, and (iv) laterally continuous and pustular mats. Mats in peripheral mudflats are commonly mineralized by hydromagnesite, mostly precipitated by capillary evaporation of shallow groundwaters. Mats forming in the ephemeral lake tend to have lower carbonate content. Although widespread, the mats are poorly preserved in the Holocene sedimentary record. Underlying sediments are commonly weakly bedded, disturbed or massive. Desiccation, dehydration, wetting-drying cycles, and grazing by invertebrates cause fragmentation of mats at the surface, facilitating erosion. Cryogranulation, interstitial mineral precipitation, vesiculation, bioturbation, compaction, and volume changes associated with diagenesis, disrupt and destroy lamination in the upper few centimetres. Most surviving organic matter is lost by early microbial degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018792
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent carbonate sedimentation and brine evolution in the saline lake basins of the Cariboo Plateau, British Columbia, Canada (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 197 (1990), S. 67-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Saline lakes ; brines ; carbonates ; chemical divides ; mudflats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract There are more than 100 closed, saline lakes in the semiarid, intermontane plateaus of British Columbia. They range from shallow perennial lakes to ephemeral playas. Most are groundwater-fed and lie within glaciofluvial deposits and till. Some have permanent salts. Where underlain by basalts, sodium carbonate brines predominate. Magnesium sulphate brines occur where catchments lie within Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, metasediments and basic volcanics. A few sodium sulphate brines are also present. A reconnaissance study of the sediments and mineralogy of 21 lake basins has shown that carbonates, including extensive magnesite and hydromagnesite deposits, and several occurrences of protodolomite, are widely precipitated in lake basins of each brine type. Analyses of stream, spring, ground and lake waters from the Cariboo Plateau region demonstrate that carbonate precipitation probably constitutes the major chemical divide responsible for producing the two dominant types of brine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026939
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