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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The levels of Pb-214 (Ra-B) and Pb-212 (Th-B) in surface air at two coastal stations (Bombay and Thumba) and at a third high-altitude station (Gulmarg) in India are presented. A seasonal variation in activity at the coastal stations with winter maximum and summer minimum and the absence of a similar variation at the high-altitude station at Gulmarg is discussed. From a study of the relevant meteorological data, it is concluded that at the coastal stations, the major factor influencing the activity levels is likely to be the stability of the lower atmosphere, advective effects possibly playing a secondary role. At Gulmarg, however, factors affecting emanation from the soil, like rainfall, snowfall, etc., could be significant.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 122 (1984), S. 124-132 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Monsoon ; Radon ; MONEX ; Equator ; Arabian Sea ; Indian ocean ; Interhemispheric mixing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Radon-222 activity levels have been measured at deck level in regions of the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, and Bay of Bengal during the summer monsoon periods of 1973, 1977, and 1979, as part of the Monex programme. The aim of the measurements was to find the source regions of the monsoon air and the variations in its composition under different synoptic conditions. The radon data confirm that the monsoon air is predominantly of southern-hemisphere origin, with a small continental component. The continental component, as indicated by radon values, increases at higher latitudes and seems to vary with different circulation patterns in the synoptic scale. The use of radon as a tracer in monsoon studies is thus demonstrated.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Atmospheric radioactivity ; Least square analysis ; Radon daughters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The application of the weighted and unweighted least-squares method to the analysis of the individual concentrations of short-lived radon daughters in the open atmosphere, where, unlike in the mines the levels are low, is discussed. The method can be optimized to give minimum counting errors by proper choice of collection times and counting periods. By analysing a large number of samples it is shown that the least squares method gives better accuracy than the simultaneous equations method generally in use. The calculation can be simplified by using the unweighted least-squares analysis without significant loss in accuracy. The levels of RaA, RaB and RaC in surface air at Bombay during the period January-June 1975, calculated using the least-square method, are presented. The activity ratios of RaC/RaB are shown to have an average value around 0.6–0.9 even at 18 m height. The RaB/RaA activity ratios however show a much larger scatter than the RaC/RaB values. The possible reasons for these differences are discussed. The application of the least-squares method to the analysis of Th-B and Th-C is also described.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 197 (1963), S. 1092-1092 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The spring increase in the concentration of caesium- 137 in the air at ground-level recorded at Bombay during 1957-60 has already been published4. The peaks in caesium- 137 activity were observed at Bombay during the period February-May in the years 1957-60. In ref. 4 the peaks in caesium- 137 ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 191 (1961), S. 747-748 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] DURING 1956-58 the levels of radioactive fall-out showed substantial increase in the spring season at several places all over the world. This was attributed to the seasonal effects in the mixing between the stratosphere and the troposphere1'2. These conclusions were supported by the observed ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 117 (1974), S. 573-578 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
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    Chicago : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Economic development and cultural change. 19:2 (1971:Jan.) 253 
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden Ergebnisse von Messungen der Radon-Aktivität, die während des Monson-77 Beobachtungsprogrammes über der Arabischen See und der Bucht von Bengalen durchgeführt worden sind, dargelegt und zusammen mit Beobachtungsdaten des früheren ISMEX-73 Programmes (Indisch-sowjetisches Monsun-Experiment) diskutiert. Der Radon-Gehalt in der Monsun-Region zeigt beträchtliche Änderungen im Ausmaß von 1 bis 15 pCi pro m3 Luft. Die Werte über der Arabischen See zeigen eine merkliche Zunahme in Breiten um 20°N, die Werte von 8 bis 10 pCi/m3 erreicht, womit auf eine gesteigerte Zufuhr von kontinentaler Luft hingewiesen wird. In niedrigeren Breiten liegen die Werte bei wenigen pCi/m3, was für maritime Luft in den äquatorialen Gebieten charakteristisch ist. Kontinuierliche Messungen an weit voneinander entfernt gelegenen festen Stationen in der Arabischen See ergaben ähnliche Änderungen im Radon-Gehalt. Diese Änderungen scheinen mit Monsunstörungen und ihrer Verlagerung gegen Westen in Verbindung zu stehen, die eine Verminderung des Radon-Gehaltes durch eine Verstärkung der Monsunströmung aus Süden, die nur einen geringen Radon-Gehalt hat, mit sich bringen. In der Bucht von Bengalen zeigen sich niedrigere Radon-Werte während Monsunpausen. Dies könnte darauf zurückzuführen sein, daß während Monsunpausen ein Isobarenverlauf in Nord-Süd-Richtung vorherrscht, wodurch äquatoriale maritime Luft direkt in die Bucht von Bengalen geführt wird, ohne über das Festland von Indien zu kommen.Während des Monsuns kommen die Luftmassen aber erst nach Überstreichen von Indien in die Bucht von Bengalen und haben daher größeren Radon-Gehalt. Nahe der Küste ist der Radon-Gehalt erwartungsgemäß groß.
    Notes: Summary Measurements of Radon activity carried-out during the Monsoon-77 Observational Programme over the Arabian Sea—Bay of Bengal Region are presented and discussed along with the earlier ISMEX-73 data. Levels of radon within the monsoon region show considerable variations in the range of one to fifteen picocuries per cubic meter of air. The levels in the Arabian Sea showed a marked increase at latitudes near-about 20°N, reaching values of eight to ten picocuries per cubic meter, thereby suggesting increased input of continental air. At lower latitudes, the levels are a few picocuries per cubic meter which is characteristics of maritime air from equatorial regions. Continuous measurements at stationary positions in the Arabian sea at widely separated locations show similar variations in radon levels. These variations seem to be connected with monsoon disturbances and their westward movements which reduce radon levels due to the strengthening of the southerly monsoon current having low radon content. In the Bay of Bengal, there is some evidence of lower radon values during “break” monsoon conditions. This could be due to the prevailing pressure pattern during the “breaks” with isobars running in north-south direction resulting in the movement of equatorial maritime air mass directly to the Bay without going over the land mass of India. During strong monsoon conditions, the air mass enters the Bay after travelling over India and consequently has higher randon levels. Near the coast, randon values are high, as is to be expected.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The dry deposition velocitiesVg of aerosols carrying (a) fallout beta activity from nuclear tests, (b) natural radioactivity due to thoron daughter212Ph (Th-B) and (c) cosmic-ray produced7Be have been measured in Bombay, India, using artificial collectors consisting of trays with a thin layer of water to retain the deposited material. The location of Bombay is eminently suitable for such measurements in view of the existence of a long dry period of several months without any rainfall. The measuredVg values (cm s−1)) are 0.063 ± 0.06 (1 S.D.) for fallout beta activity from 900 daily readings, 0.033 ± 0.03 (1 S.D.) for212Pb from 80 daily measurements and 0.023 ± 0.014 (1 S.D.) for7Be from 23 bi-monthly measurements. A study of the associated meteorological parameters showed some correlation with wind velocity only in the case of radioactive fallout.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1974-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-554X
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-3759
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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