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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper, cadmium and zinc concentrations in oceanic amphipod and euphausiid crustaceans, as a source of heavy metals to pelagic seabirds (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 103 (1989), S. 513-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Heavy metal concentrations (especially Cu, Cd and Zn) have been measured in oceanic hyperiid amphipods (Themisto gaudichaudii and T. compressa) and euphausiids (Meganyctiphanes norvegica and Euphausia superba), collected in the Antarctic and Atlantic Oceans. In some cases, metal concentrations displayed size-dependencies which were allowed for in interspecific or intersite comparisons, which often showed intraspecific geographical differences not attributable to anthropogenic effects. Cadmium concentrations in Themisto species are high in comparison with those of other oceanic crustaceans and may represent significant sources of cadmium in the diets of particular seabrids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399583
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zinc phosphate granules in tissue surrounding the midgut of the barnacle Balanus balanoides (1975)
    Springer
    Marine biology 33 (1975), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chemical composition of inorganic granules found in parenchyma cells surrounding the midgut of adult Balanus balanoides (L.) was determined. X-ray microanalysis indicated the presence of magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron and zinc in the granules. A quantitative analysis of granule-rich pellets isolated from the midguts of adult barnacles showed that the granules were composed mainly of zinc phosphate, the remaining elements being minor constituents only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390721
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two heavy metal-binding proteins in the midgut gland of the crab Carcinus maenas (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 55 (1979), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two heavy metal-binding proteins occur naturally in the midgut glands of Carcinus maenas (L.) collected from the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. These proteins, of approximately 27,000 and 11,500 MW (molecular weight) have previously been described as Cd-binding proteins after their induction by high concentrations of cadmium in the laboratory. The ∼27,000 MW heavy metal-binding protein is bound to about 0.10 g-at of Cd, 0.70 g-at of Zn and 0.31 g-at of Cu per mole of protein; 7.7, 7.9 and 1.1%, respectively, of the soluble Cd, Zn and Cu in the midgut gland are associated with this ∼27,000 MW protein (6.7, 1.6 and 0.9% of the total midgut gland Cd, Zn and Cu). The ∼11,500 MW protein is bound to about 0.04 g-at of Cd, 0.37 g-at of Zn and 1.54 g-at of Cu per mole of protein; 29.3, 31.3 and 41.7%, respectively, of the soluble Cd, Zn and Cu in the midgut gland are associated with this protein (25.7, 6.3 and 34.4% of the total midgut gland Cd, Zn and Cu). Neither heavy metal-binding protein is bound to measurable amounts of lead.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397310
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the uptake of cadmium by the crab Carcinus maenas in the laboratory. II. Preliminary investigation of cadmium-binding proteins (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 50 (1979), S. 141-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract All internally distributed water-soluble cadmium absorbed by the crab Carcinus maenas (L.), either from solution or from a food source, is associated with protein. Watersoluble extracts of the midgut gland, muscle, gill and remaining internal body tissues (the “rest”) have been separated chromatographically and the absorbed cadmium contents of separate protein fractions measured. In the midgut gland, “rest” and gill, cadmium is associated with protein of high (〉50,000) and low(〈6,000) molecular weight in proportion to the amount of protein present. In the muscle, cadmium is bound to high but not to low molecular weight proteins. In addition, two proteins with a high affinity for cadmium have been found with molecular weights of approximately 12,000 and 27,000. The larger cadmium-binding protein is found in the midgut gland and “rest” (probably the haemolymph), the smaller protein in the midgut gland, “rest” and muscle. A tentative model of the fate of water-soluble cadmium absorbed by the crab is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397819
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the uptake of cadmium by the crab Carcinus maenas in the laboratory. I. Accumulation from seawater and a food source (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 50 (1979), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The crab Carcinus maenas (L.) was exposed to radioactively labelled cadmium dissolved in seawater at concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 ppm, the latter concentration being toxic to the crabs (50% mortality after 12.3 days). Net accumulation of cadmium from solution was proportional to the level and time period of cadmium exposure. Total absorbed cadmium levels reached 0.0043 and 0.0412 mg Cd g-1 dry weight after 40 days exposure to 0.1 and 1 ppm Cd, respectively, and 0.1115 mg Cd g-1 dry weight after 12.3 days average exposure to 10 ppm Cd. The highest tissue concentration was found in the midgut gland, reaching 0.786 mg Cd g-1 dry weight after 12.3 days average exposure to 10 ppm Cd. The midgut gland only contained about 10% of the total cadmium absorbed from solution, while the exoskeleton contained the bulk of obsorbed cadmium (59 to 80%) probably passively adsorbed onto the surface. When cadmium was absorbed by the crabs from a food source, the midgut gland contained 16.9% of the total absorbed cadmium whereas the exoskeleton now contained only 22.2%. Ten percent of the cadmium available in the food source (Artemia salina) was accumulated by the crabs. When placed in cadmium-free seawater, crabs that had accumulated cadmium from solution lost 69% of the absorbed cadmium in 10 days, mostly from the exoskeleton which lost 78% of its original absorbed cadmium concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397818
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd in the mesopelagic decapod Systellaspis debilis from the East Atlantic Ocean (1985)
    Springer
    Marine biology 87 (1985), S. 285-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Specimens of the oceanic decapod Systellaspis debilis were collected from six sites in the East Atlantic Ocean between 1970 and 1984, and were analysed for Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd. The data confirm that there are small but significant differences in mean metal concentrations from some sites which showed no obvious pattern in relation to geographic location of the samples. As a result, ranges of site means are quoted as “baseline” levels for each metal (μg g-1 dry wt): 2.3 to 2.9 μg Mn g-1, 31.2 to 77.8 μg Fe g-1, 25.9 to 83.4 μg Cu g-1, 41.9 to 92.9 μgZn g-1, 11.1 to 31.8 μg Cd g-1. The concentration of cadmium in S. debilis from all sites was raised relative to cadmium concentrations reported for coastal decapods, perhaps as a result of dietary enrichment. Metal accumulation may provide useful information for understanding the complex feeding behaviour of many oceanic animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397807
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace-metal detoxification in the ventral caeca of Orchestia gammarellus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biology 136 (2000), S. 477-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The talitrid amphipod crustacean Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas) was collected from metal-contaminated (Dulas Bay, Gironde) and control (Millport) sites in the UK and France. Irrespective of site of origin, the amphipods showed the same physiological mechanism of trace-metal detoxification, involving the ventral caeca. Copper was always present in lysosomal residual bodies in the ventral caeca. Following laboratory exposure to zinc and cadmium, the lysosomes usually contained both copper and zinc but cadmium was not detectable. The lysosomal copper concentration is positively correlated to that of sulphur, while the concentration of lysosomal zinc is related to that of phosphorus. Results are interpreted in terms of the differential rates of turnover of metallothioneins chelating copper, zinc or cadmium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050707
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barnacles: Possible indicators of zinc pollution? (1975)
    Springer
    Marine biology 30 (1975), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Barnacles [Balanus balanoides (L.), Elminius modestus Darwin, Lepas anatifera (L.)] from several different sites were found to accumulate the heavy metal zinc. The majority of the zinc was deposited in the tissues associated with the gut, and the level of zinc in soft body tissue generally reflected well the level of zinc in the immediate sea-water environment. The zinc accumulated in the gut tissues was in the form of discrete granules, mainly within the parenchyma cells which surround the gut. These granules probably exist as an insoluble zinc salt. A comparison of the zinc level in barnacles with those recorded for some other marine organisms indicates the possible usefulness of barnacles as indicators of zinc pollution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393753
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The functional morphology and development of the alimentary tract of larval and juvenile barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica) (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 42 (1977), S. 337-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The alimentary tract of the nauplius larva of Balanus spp. consists of cuticle-lined foregut and hindgut, with intervening endodermal midgut constricted into anterior and posterior regions. The anterior midgut cells in the region of the constriction (constriction cells) secrete proteins (probably digestive enzymes). The remaining anterior midgut cells, often containing lipid droplets, form the absorptive region of the tract. Glycoprotein globules and lipid droplets within anterior midgut cells are the remants of the yolk in a pre-hatched larva, this yolk additionally supporting the larva through the non-feeding first nauplius stage. Nauplius Stages II to VI are actively feeding planktonic stages which increase in size and build up lipid reserves. These accumulated reserves support the non-feeding cyprid, first through its planktonic life and then through settlement and subsequent metamorphosis to the juvenile barnacle. Juvenile barnacles start to feed between 2 and 5 days after metamorphosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402196
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As and Cd in mesopelagic crustaceans from the North East Atlantic Ocean (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 100 (1989), S. 465-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Specimens of oceanic decapods, mysids and euphausiids, collected from the North East Atlantic Ocean during July 1985, were analysed for V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As and Cd. Measurement of the metals was carried out using two techniques: inductively-coupled plasma-source mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption (AAS). With the exception of the iron data, good agreement was observed between the data from the two techniques. Baseline-metal data are presented for the species measured, along with any effects of animal size on metal concentration. The data presented for oceanic animals from different trophic levels are important in studies of metal fluxes and for the assessment of markers within the food web in the oceans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394823
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