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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Galcein blue as a fluorescent label in bone (1970)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 519-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Calceinblau ergibt, in Knochen eingebaut, unter UV-Bestrahlung eine klar erkennbare blaue Fluoreszenz. Calceinblau eignet sich vor allem für Mehrfarbmarkierung des Knochens in Kombination mit Tetracyclin und Calcein oder DCAF. Solche Mehrfarbmarkierungen erleichtern das Studium des Knochenumbaus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01898484
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved peel test method for measurement of adhesion to biomaterials (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (2000), S. 517-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Adhesion of tissues to biomaterials is desirable to prevent bacterial proliferation and for epithelial/transmucosal sealing of transcutaneous appliances, but can be counter-productive elsewhere, e.g. implants contacting tendons or maxillofacial subcutaneous tissue. It is therefore important to gauge adhesion strength of tissues to biomaterials before clinical use. Peel-testing is widely used for industrial product adhesion monitoring, but has rarely been applied biomedically. Here we describe peel-testing instrumentation designed for testing adherence of soft tissues to biomaterials. It offers the advantage that a 90° angle between peel and substrate is maintained, simplifying determination of applied normal forces separating tissue layers from material surfaces. The device is portable and can be brought directly to the specimen removal site. This minimizes time delays between explantation and testing, maintaining the tissue/biomaterial interface in the freshest possible state closely approximating in vivo conditions, and so avoids measurement artifacts. So far, the instrument has been used to test adhesion of tape to a biomaterial surface (for determining the device’s technical performance), assess strength of tissue adhesives, and measure adhesion of subcutaneous tissue to orthopaedic biomaterials. However, its versatility suggests additional applications for the peel-tester where adhesion of soft tissue to biomaterials is of interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008965926086
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods to characterize the surface roughness of metallic implants (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 434-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The surface roughness of surgical implants has a significant influence on the tissue reaction at the interface. The purpese of the present study is to describa methods which allow a detailed characterization of the surface roughness. Pure titanium plates with different surface treatments and electropolished stainless steel plates, were analysed. For the surface roughness measurement, a profilometer with a 4 μm tip was used to determine the following roughness parameters: R a = arithmetic mean of the roughness height, S m = arithmetic mean of the groove distance, R tm = average of the roughness height. Furthermore the surface was observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification of 1000x and 2000x so that even small pores which cannot be measured using the profilometer are detectable. Standard reflected light microscopy and interference contrast microscopy was used to optically measure the height of depressions and elevations, and to study in particular the surface colour, which is related to the thickness of the oxide film of anodized implants. It is concluded that, for the characterization of the surface roughness of metallic implants, the measurements using the profilometer and SEM are recommended. For anodized surface treatments, interference contrast microscopy seems to be a valuable aid to judgement of the homogeneity and, via colour, the thickness of the oxide layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058979
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of fibroblast adhesion to biomaterials using a fluid mechanics approach (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 500-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Adhesion of cells to the surface of a biomaterial is one of the major factors mediating its biocompatibility. Despite the importance of this parameter, reliable means for its quantification still need to be developed. In the research described here, the jet impingement method has been investigated as to its ability to resolve differences in fibroblast adhesion. A wide spectrum of materials has been studied. To visualize the cell layer on opaque surfaces, a fluorescent staining method has been developed. The measurements show statistically significant differences between material classes, with the highest degree of adhesion about twice that of the lowest degree of adhesion. The greatest adhesion was observed with metallic materials which exhibit a shear stress to erode cells from the material surface of about 5.65×10-3 N cm-2. The tensile stress of adhesion (about 2.15×10-2 N cm-2) was similar for most materials. The interpretation of the results of jet impingement testing and their relation to in vivo cell and soft tissue adherence to biomaterials merits further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058991
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for quantitative histomorphometric evaluation of soft tissue reactions to implants (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 557-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The spatial distribution and concentration of distinct cellular elements, and the width of the reaction zone are of particular interest in the evaluation of the compatibility of implant materials. There is a dilemma in the use of interactive histomorphometric evaluation system, At low magnifications cell differentiation is difficult and at high magnification (x400) correct cell differentiation is possible but the evaluated area adjacent to the implant border is small and therefore not necessarily representative. The solution could be the evaluation of random samples at precise localization under high magnification. A light microscope with a software-controlled motorized stage is connected to a personal computer. The software allows definition of one or more polygonal areas at low magnification. A random generator determines the coordinates of the microscopic fields to be analysed and the motorized stage moves automatically to these coordinates. The number of microscopic fields which it is necessary to evaluate in each sample is calculated by the statistical methods described by Stein which take the heterogeneity of the histological structures into account. A software package ranks the various cells at selectable class intervals off the material-tissue interface (distance histogram). Data are stored in ASCII format, which allows importation into any evaluation software. The use of statistical methods seems to be justified for quantitative biocompatibility testing when the tissue encapsulating the implant is heterogeneous and larger than the suitable optical field of the microscope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00124889
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy of the undersurface of cell monolayers grown on metallic implants (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 6 (1995), S. 120-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: When cells, cultured on a plastic disc, are fixed, dehydrated and embedded in acrylic resin their undersurfaces can be studied by scanning electron microscopy after the disc has been separated and removed from the resin, using a sharp knife, and the resin etched away using glow discharge before sputter coating the now exposed cell undersurface with gold. This method does not work for metallic discs, which do not separate cleanly, leaving the cells in the resin attached to the metal. Rapid cooling of the discs on an aluminium block cooled with nitrogen slush was found to be a successful method, leaving no resin on the metal and without any observable morphological damage to the cells in the resin block. This then allowed direct adhesion studies with the SEM, on the cells' undersurfaces. Focal adhesion processes and stress fibres were observed, which were related to the cell's adhesion and shape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120419
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interface reactions between biodegradable implants and avascular bone grafts or vascular host site in the porcine skull (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 6 (1995), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Poly-L-lactide (PLLA) threaded pins and polydioxanon (PDS) woven bands were used to stabilize bone fragments in the reconstruction of the calvaria of 27 minipigs. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the rate of degradation of resorbable implants is low enough to maintain fixation until the bone has united and, at the same time, high enough to ensure that the implant material loses its strength and no longer interferes with bone growth and remodelling. The experiment lasted between 1 and 24 weeks. Staining in vivo and radiographs were performed throughout the experiment. The treated calvaria were cut into thin sections and examined microradiographically and histologically. The results confirmed that the form of the skull could be sufficiently maintained in the animal experiment over the given periods to warrant the use of such fixations in craniofacial surgery. The use of degradable material could eliminate the possible need for a second operation to remove implants and would reduce interference with the growth process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120297
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alizarinkompléxon — Fluorochrom zur Markierung von Knochen- und Dentinanbau (1972)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 180-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alizarin complexone is a red fluorochrome bonding to calcifying tissues. Its doses needed for labelling have less toxicity than those of Alizarin red S or Hematoporphyrin. Alizarin complexone is suitable for use alone, or in combination with Tetracycline, Calcein, Calcein blue and Xylenol orange for polychrome sequential labelling of bone or dentin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01935743
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    Alizarinkompléxon — Fluorochrom zur Markierung von Knochen- und Dentinanbau (1972)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1972-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4754
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Galcein blue as a fluorescent label in bone (1970)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4754
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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