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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 35 (1995), S. 13-25 
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Marine monitoring programmes are seldom planned and realized to fulfil the requirements of the statistical methods used. The shortcomings of these methods are rarely discussed in the literature. In this work two different methods for trend analysis are applied to a real case and attention is given to the possible violation of the underlying assumptions. Long-term changes in oxygen supersaturation in the Baltic Sea are the object of the study. Linear regression and non-parametric methods are those chosen. The linear regression gave significantly increasing trends of oxygen saturation in Arkona, Eastern Gotland basin and in the Bothnian Sea, but the tested assumptions turned out to be violated. The corresponding non-parametric trend test only confirmed the increasing trend in Arkona. It is suggested that non-parametric methods, like the one used in this work, should be favoured in the future for similar types of marine environmental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A study of atmospheric deposited nutrients and some persistent pollutants has been carried out on the ice and snow fields of the subarctic Bothnian Bay, the northernmost basin of the Baltic Sea. Total amounts of 600, 500 and 400 tons NO3-N, NH4-N and Norg-N, respectively are deposited in the snow while the corresponding amounts for Ptot-P is 40 tons. The corresponding amount for PCB and lindane are 1.0 and 0.2 kg, respectively. The measurements were carried out on the snow-covered ice four to six weeks old. A part of the deposited snow has been incorporated -into the snow-ice and an attempt to estimate its mean thickness and its amount of nutrients has been made. The total amounts now reach 1700, 1300 and 1100 tons of NO3-N and NH4-N and Norg-N, respectively in the snow and ice together. The results obtained support the use of land-based stations in estimates of seasonal atmospheric nutrient deposition to the Bothnian Bay. The observed concentrations of chloroorganic compounds correspond to those land-based observations reported from the same latitude in the northern hemisphere and reported in literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 35 (1995), S. 13-25 
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Marine monitoring programmes are seldom planned and realized to fulfil the requirements of the statistical methods used. The shortcomings of these methods are rarely discussed in the literature. In this work two different methods for trend analysis are applied to a real case and attention is given to the possible violation of the underlying assumptions. Long-term changes in oxygen supersaturation in the Baltic Sea are the object of the study. Linear regression and non-parametric methods are those chosen. The linear regression gave significantly increasing trends of oxygen saturation in Arkona, Eastern Gotland basin and in the Bothnian Sea, but the tested assumptions turned out to be violated. The corresponding non-parametric trend test only confirmed the increasing trend in Arkona. It is suggested that non-parametric methods, like the one used in this work, should be favoured in the future for similar types of marine environmental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 45 (1993), S. 43-54 
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Auswirkung veränderlichen Antriebs in einem Lagrangian Particle Tracking Modell wurde für eine gut durchmischte Oberflächenschicht untersucht. Es stellte sich heraus, daß sowohl ein stetiger Windstreß als auch einer, der in der Nähe der Trägheitsfrequenz variiert, die größte Partikelausbreitung bewirkt. Die effektive Bewegung des Massenschwerpunkts war bei stetigem Windforcing am größten.
    Notes: Summary The response to varying forcing of a Lagrangian particle tracking model applied to a well-mixed surface layer was investigated. It was found that both a steady wind stress and a varying one near the inertial frequency gave the largest spreading of the particles. The effective motion of the mass centre was largest for a steady wind forcing.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 42 (1989), S. 249-270 
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Lagrangesches Ausbreitungsmodell für Teilchen mit physikalischen Eigenschaften wurde entwickelt, das Sedimentations- und Resuspensionsprozesse berücksichtigt. Das Modell basiert auf einer modifizierten Langevin-Gleichung, die die laterale turbulente Geschwindigkeitsfluktuation in einer Scherströmung simuliert. Die benutzten Geschwindigkeits- und Turbulenzfelder werden mit einem zweidimensionalen hydrodynamischen Modell berechnet, das eink−ε Turbulenzschema enthält. Da das Ausbreitungsmodell nur für niedrige Teilchenkonzentrationen formuliert ist, wird es von den Berechnungen des hydrodynamischen Modells entkoppelt. Ein großer Nachteil in herkömmlicher Ausbreitungsmodellierung ist die mehr oder weniger unvermeidbare numerische Diffusion. Die Benutzung eines Lagrangeschen Teilchenmodells vermeidet diesen Effekt und die daraus resultierenden zu niedrigen Konzentrationen bei einer vorgegebenen Freisetzung. Eine Folge ist eine erheblich realistischere Verteilung von abgelagerten Teilchen. Unter Berücksichtigung der Gesamtablagerungsraten liefern die simulierten Sedimentationsprozesse eine gute Übereinstimmung mit lange bestehenden Formulierungen der Advektions-und Diffusionsmodelle. Mit einem modifizierten hydrodynamischen Modell kann das Ausbreitungsmodell direkt für dreidimensionale Rechnungen im geschichteten Meer benutzt werden.
    Abstract: Résumé Un modèle Lagrangien de dispersion des particules physiques est développé. Il inclut à la fois les processus de sédimentation et de remise en suspersion. Il est basé sur une équation modifiée de Langevin qui simule des fluctuations des flux transversaux turbulents dans les écoulements cisaillés. Les champs de vitesse et de turbulence utilisés sont générés par un modèle hydrodynamique bidimensionnel comportant un schema turbulent enk−ε. Du fait que le modèle dispersif n'est conçu que pour des faibles concentrations de particules, il est découplé des calculs du modéle hydrodynamique. Un inconvénient important dans la modélisation classique de la dispersion réside dans le problème plus ou moins inévitable de la diffusion numérique. L'emploi du modèle Lagrangien évitera cet effet et évitera d'obtenir de trop faibles concentrations pour un lâcher de particules donné. On obtient ainsi une distribution plus réaliste des particules déposées. Cependant au regard des taux globaux, le modèle de sédimentation est en bon accord avec les formules du modèle bien établi advection/diffusion. Avec un modèle hydrodynamique modifié, le modèle de dispersion peut être appliqué directement aux simulations 3 D.
    Notes: Summary A Lagrangian dispersion model for physical particles has been developed. It includes both sedimentation and resuspension processes. It is based on a modified Langevin's equation which simulates the turbulent crossflow velocity fluctuations in shear flows. The velocity and turbulence fields used are generated by a 2-dimensional hydrodynamical model including ak−ε turbulence scheme. Since the dispersion model is formulated for only low particle concentrations, it is decoupled from the hydrodynamical model calculations. A great drawback in conventional dispersion modelling is the more or less unavoidable numerical diffusion. The use of a Lagrangian particle model will avoid this effect and the resulting too low concentrations for a given release. One consequence is a more realistic distribution of deposited particles. However, with regard to the overall deposition rates the simulated sedimentation process agrees well with well-established advection/diffusion model formulations. With a modified hydrodynamic model, the dispersion model can directly be applied to stratified 3D simulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2002-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0013-936X
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5851
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0141-1136
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-0291
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1997-05-01
    Print ISSN: 1385-1101
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-1414
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1996-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0160-4120
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1995-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0167-6369
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-2959
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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