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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual adaptation (1977)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 3 (1977), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Backgrounds ; Bleachings ; Threshold ; Organisation ; Automatic camera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 1) The eye may be regarded as an automatic camera that keeps the average sensitivity near the middle of the working range. 2) Nerve signals are contrast-coded, and hence are not changed by changes in general illumination. 3) Rod thresholds can be raised three-fold by a background from which only 1% of the rods have caught one quantum. 4) Adaptation is of two kinds a) to backgrounds (the Weber-Fechner relation) and b) to bleachings which is entirely different. 5) After bleaching the threshold is raised as though a bright background were present. The positive after-image following bleaching has quantitatively the properties of that bright background. 6) The visual incapacity after bleaching seems a pointless visual disaster.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00535812
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Instantaneous Flashes on Adaptation of the Eye: Dark Adaptation after Exposing the Eye to an Instantaneous Flash (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 199 (1963), S. 971-972 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FLASH bleaching. Rhodopsin consists of the protein opsin combined with the 11-cis form of retinene. The primary effect of light is to isomerize retinene, and since the all-trans combination is unstable at room (or body) temperature it becomes dissociated from the opsin and results in a change in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/199971a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical Measurement of Cone Pigment in the Living Human Eye (1957)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 179 (1957), S. 571-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT has long been recognized that twilight vision is mediated by the rods of the retina, and that the first step in the utilization of light is its absorption by the visual pigment rhodopsin (visual purple). The ensuing photolysis results in bleaching, and upon measurements of this colour-change a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/179571a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of Rhodopsin in the Living Human Eye (1954)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 174 (1954), S. 1096-1097 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE photopigment rhodopsin has long been known to be the chemical basis of scotopic (twilight) vision, and its bleaching and resynthesis have generally been held to underlie the phenomenon of light- and dark-adaptation. It has never been possible, however, actually to measure the rhodopsin-level in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1741096a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual Purple Level and the Course of Dark Adaptation (1954)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 173 (1954), S. 301-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WHEN we go suddenly from moderate light into darkness, at first we can see nothing ; but over the next half-hour visibility greatly improves. Owing largely to the work of Heeht, the improvement has been attributed in the main to two factors : (a) the shift of vision from cones to rods ; (b) the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/173301a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Eye, The Brain and Land's Two-Colour Projections (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 440-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] GREAT interest has arisen from the spectacular demonstrations of Land1 wherein the superposed projections of two black-white pictures, one through a red glass, can result in a scene filled with varied colours, including good greens and even some blues. Many have said that this disproves the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/189440a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a Very Bright Flash on Cone Vision and Cone Pigments in Man (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 200 (1963), S. 421-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] HAGINS1 showed that a very brief electronic flash, however bright, would not bleach away more than about half the rhodopsin from a rabbit's retina. Hubbard and Kropf2 analysed the phenomenon using rhodopsin in solution at 17 C, and showed that, when thermal decomposition was arrested by cold, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/200421a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Encoding of Nerve Signals from Retinal Rods (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 223 (1969), S. 1171-1172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. a, Circle A is illuminated by blue test flash; annulus B by red contrast flash; F.P. is the fixation point, b, Schema representing how signals from flash B raise the threshold for seeing flash A. c, Alternative configuration for flash B. Of the thirty-two equal sectors only the four shown ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2231171a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    KINETICS OF CONE PIGMENTS MEASURED OBJECTIVELY ON THE LIVING HUMAN FOVEA (1958)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 74 (1958), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1958.tb39552.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Structure Responsible for Action Potential Spikes in the Cat's Retina (1949)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 164 (1949), S. 743-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT is well known from the work of Granit1 that isolated action potential spikes may be recorded from the eyes of many animals by placing a micro-electrode in contact with suitable spots on the retina through the opened bulb. The cat is particularly suitable. The importance of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/164743a0
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