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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 65 (1901), S. 129-129 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IS it not of rare occurrence that a pine grosbeak (Pyrrhula enucleator) has been seen here, not on one day, but on two? I was informed this morning that Mr. O. T. Perkins had seen this handsome bird out of his window, apparently either eating beech buds or else hunting for insects on them. ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 65 (1901), S. 31-31 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] MAY I say, in defence of Dr. Gerald Leighton (see p. 625), that on two occasions I have found mice inside grass snakes. The first case was on a moor near Parkstone, Dorset, where on opening a smallish snake we found a mouse only partly digested. The other case occurred here last year, when I ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 116 (1998), S. 227-233 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Mesopredator release hypothesis ; Song sparrow ; Nest success ; Top carnivore ; Mesopredator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ground-nesting North American landbirds have declined in the longterm, including species with a variety of migratory strategies. The mesopredator release hypothesis explains declines by suggesting that the virtual elimination of top carnivores (large-bodied canids and felids) from much of North America has “released” populations of nest-destroying mesopredators (i.e., medium-sized terrestrial omnivores such as the raccoon Procyon lotor). The hypothesis predicts (1) higher nest success in the presence than in the absence of top carnivores, and (2) a positive relationship between mesopredator abundance and nest predation. Results from a 4-year "natural experiment" in the agricultural landscape of southern Michigan tended to support prediction 1. When coyotes (Canis latrans) were absent in 1993 and present in 1994, 1995 and 1996, Mayfield nest survival in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), a ground-nesting landbird, increased significantly during the same 4-year interval. Relative frequency of nest predation, the most common cause of nest failure, declined significantly over the four years. Coyotes may have decreased nest predation in 1994–1996 by reducing the abundance of raccoons, apparently the main nest predator in the study area. In an experiment testing prediction 2, mesopredator abundance and predation rate on artificial nests were positively related, as predicted by the hypothesis. Although the present study is not wholly conclusive by itself, we cautiously suggest it contributes to a growing body of evidence derived from a number of studies supporting the mesopredator release hypothesis.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Plasticity ; Life history ; Migration ; Fat Trade-off
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Although fat often supplies the major source of metabolic fuel during winter fasts of birds, this critical life-history trait is little studied by ecologists. In the dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis, we have in a series of studies investigated the extent of plasticity in the winter fat reserve. Earlier (Rogers et al. 1993), we reported (1) a highly variable pattern of geographic variation in the winter fat reserve of junco populations in eastern North America, (2) disappearance of statistically significant interpopulation variation after experimental displacement to a common latitude, and (3) post-displacement temporal variation in the fat reserve. In analyses reported here, recent temperature, recent snowfall (a measure of short-term predictability of resources), season (perhaps reflecting continued exposure to unpredictable resources) and daylength explained spatial variation in the fat store. Recent temperature explained temporal variation in the fat reserves of groups of displaced juncos. These results suggest that platticity in a life-history trait has evolved in an uncertain winter environment. Through environment-dependent fattening, the costs of fat can be avoided during warm periods and at locations where fat confers little benefit, whereas benefits of fat can be quickly gained if weather conditions become harsh and snowfall might restrict food. Three types of winter fatteners probably exist among birds: responders (fatten in response to the proximate environment), predictors (fatten in anticipation of long-term environmental conditions), and responder-predictors (combination of both types of regulation). Because dark-eyed juncos select different winter latitudes as they age, we hypothesize that the nonbreeding component of the life-history of juncos includes the co-adapted plastic traits of winter fattening and post-breeding migration. Life-history theory can apparently explain important traits related to fitness in the nonbreeding period.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 131 (1979), S. 127-132 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiospermae ; Linaceae ; Linum suffruticosum ; Distyly ; heterostyly ; pollen ; dimorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Mediterranean distylousLinum suffruticosum has dimorphic pollen. That from short-styled plants has sub-monomorphic surface excrescences with minute papillae; that from long-styled plants has strongly dimorphic excrescences with conspicuous papillae. The differences are much like those described in species of other sections of the genus. Pollen of the related homostylousL. tenuifolium has monomorphic pollen. It combines characteristics of bothL. suffruticosum types but resembles that of the long-styled plants somewhat more closely. Ribbonlike styles of long-styled plants ofL. suffruticosum provide another feature which seems to be controlled by the S supergene thought to be associated with distylic incompatibility. The pollen ofL. suffruticosum andL. tenuifolium is very similar to that of some species of sectionLinastrum and would support their placement in that section.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 149 (1985), S. 65-69 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Linaceae ; Linum ; sect.Macrantholium ; Pollen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pollen of the two distylous species which make upLinum sect.Macrantholinum differs from that of other distylous species in the genus in being multiporate and in having much more modest differences in exine sculpturing between grains from long- and short-styled plants. Pollen morphology does not help in relating the two species to others in the genus but does support their retention in a separate section.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 327-328 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Linaceae ; Linum ; L. hologynum ; L. monogynum ; Flora of Australia and Europe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The diploid chromosome number for the EuropeanLinum hologynum and the haploid number for the AustralianL. monogynum is 42 and appears to establish a new and distinctive base number for sect.Linum. The possession by these two species and by the AustralianL. marginale of multiporate pollen and united styles, a unique combination of features in sect.Linum, may warrant the establishment of a new subsection in that section to accommodate the three species.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 139 (1981), S. 155-157 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiospermae ; Linaceae ; Linum ; Heterostyly ; Flora of Madagascar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Linum emirnense Bojer subsp.marojejyense Humb. is elevated to a species and the heterostylous condition thought to exist inL. emirnense is determined to be an artifact resulting from a fungal infection of the fruit.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 140 (1982), S. 225-234 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Linaceae ; Linum sect.Linopsis—Evolution ; classification ; chromosome numbers ; heterostyly ; pollen morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract SectionLinopsis of the genusLinum is the largest and probably the most widespread of the five commonly recognized sections. Using a number of traits, but especially heterostyly, style union, development of false septa in the fruit, pollen morphology, and chromosome number, together with petal pigmentation, number of floral parts, and stigma shape, the section is divided into five subsections:Dichrolinum, with one series;Halolinum with one;Linopsis, with four;Keniense, with one; andRigida, with two. Of these, subsect.Keniense and two series are new, the remaining four subsections and four series are published in a new rank. The inferred relationships of all of the groups and the general distribution of each are discussed. The section ranges from southern Europe and the Mediterranean region to India, eastern and southern Africa and throughout much of North and South America. The primitive species of the section are believed to be in the Mediterranean region.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1998-08-10
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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