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  • 1
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    Responses of Hyalella azteca and Ceridaphnia dubia to reservoir sediments following Chelated Copper Herbicide Applications (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1615 | 3 | 2011-09-29 20:18:01 | 1615 | Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In response to nuisance growths of algae and vascularplants, such as dioecious hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillataL.f.Royle), copper formulations have been applied in lakes andreservoirs for a number of years. Concerns have arisen regardingthe long-term consequences of copper applicationsand those concerns have appropriately focused on sedimentresidues. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of sedimentsfrom treated (for a decade) and untreated areas in LakeMurray, South Carolina and estimated the capacity of thosesediments to bind additional copper. Two sentinel aquatic invertebrates,Hyalella aztecaSaussure andCeriodaphnia dubiaRichard, were used to measure residual toxicity of treatedand untreated sediments from the field and after laboratoryamendments. (PDF has 5 pages.)
    Keywords: Management ; Biology ; Limnology ; Komeen® ; Lake Murray ; toxicity ; Hydrilla verticillata ; South Carolina
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 95-99
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of electron beams generated in a high-voltage pulse-line-driven pseudospark discharge (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 4432-4437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Emittance and energy measurements have been performed on a high-brightness electron beam ((approximately-greater-than)1010 A/m2 rad2) with diameter in the range 1–3 mm and energy in the range 150–170 keV. This electron beam is generated by the mating of a hollow-cathode discharge device operating in the pseudospark regime to the output of a high-power pulse line accelerator. The measured effective emittance lies in the range between 30 and 90 mm mrad and increases with axial distance. Electron energy measurements indicate that the high-energy electrons are generated during the first 20–30 ns of the discharge. Both the emittance and energy experiments were performed at two different ambient argon gas pressures (92 and 152 mtorr). Beam expansion as a function of axial position has also been studied and a lower bound on the beam brightness has been obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355957
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-voltage triggered pseudospark discharge experiment (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 4887-4895 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The design and execution of a pulsed high-voltage (350–400 keV) triggered pseudospark discharge experiment is reported. Experimental studies were carried out to obtain an optimal design for stable and reliable pseudospark operation in a high-voltage regime ((approximately-greater-than)350 kV). Experiments were performed to determine the most suitable fill gas for electron-beam formation. The pseudospark discharge is initiated by a trigger mechanism involving a flashover between the trigger electrode and hollow cathode housing. Experimental results characterizing the electron-beam energy using the range-energy method are reported. Source size imaging was carried out using an x-ray pinhole camera and a novel technique using Mylar as a witness plate. It was experimentally determined that strong pinching occurred later in time and was associated with the lower-energy electrons. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363531
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intense beam fundamental mode large-orbit gyrotron studies (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 4089-4094 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experimental and theoretical studies of a fundamental mode large-orbit gyrotron designed to produce high-power rf radiation in the TE11 mode at about 1 GHz are reported. Theoretical calculations performed as part of the experimental design process are presented. Results of initial experiments are reported in which 500–1000 MW of rf radiation was observed at frequencies 700 and 1200 MHz, consistent with theoretical expectations. The estimated eletronic efficiency of the device is about 10%. Gas cell breakdown patterns produced by the rf pulse are consistent with operation in the desired TE11 mode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343993
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental studies of the laser-controlled collective ion accelerator (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 2894-2898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Detailed experimental studies of a collective acceleration experiment in which a time-sequenced laser-generated ionization channel is used to control the propagation of an intense relativistic electron beamfront are presented. Ions trapped in the potential well at the beamfront are accelerated as the velocity of the beamfront is increased in a manner controlled by the time-dependent axial extent of the ionization channel. Beamfront propagation data for two different accelerating gradients are presented, together with results of ion acceleration studies for both gradients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344168
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shielded-source, short-pulse microwave propagation experiments (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 1469-1471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The propagation of short-pulse, high-power microwaves through a neutral gas has been studied and breakdown limits determined in an experimental configuration in which the neutral gas test cell was carefully shielded from x-rays emanating from the high-power microwave tube. In this manner the possible x-ray generation of free electrons in the test cell was minimized. Results are compared with previous experiments in which the test cell was not shielded from the source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344399
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propagation of wiggler focused relativistic sheet electron beams (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 6-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A recent design concept for millimeter-wave free-electron lasers [J. Appl. Phys. 60, 521 (1986)] would require the stable propagation of a sheet electron beam through a narrow waveguide channel. Experimental results reported in this article support the feasibility of such a configuration by demonstrating the stable propagation of relativistic sheet electron beams through a narrow waveguide gap (3.2 mm) using focusing by a short-period electromagnet wiggler. 90% of the electron current in a 100-keV sheet electron beam was transmitted through a 5-cm-long channel with peak wiggler fields of 800 G. Almost 80% of a 400-keV beam was similarly confined with a 1600-G wiggler field. The data were consistent with single electron trajectory models, indicating that space-charge effects were minimal. No evidence of beam breakup or filamentation instabilities was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341221
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental studies of high-power microwave reflection, transmission, and absorption from a plasma-covered plane conducting boundary (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 6313-6318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experimental studies of the reflection, transmission, and absorption of high-power microwave pulses from a plasma-covered plane conducting boundary are presented. Under optimum conditions, backscattered rf power is attenuated by more than 30 dB over values measured in the absence of the plasma. Measurements of the radial and axial plasma density profiles and the neutral gas pressure near the plane conductor indicate that collisional absorption processes are not the primary source of the observed attenuation in the backscattered microwave signal, and that the plasma density exceeds the critical density over much of the volume nearest the conductor. The effects of a tenfold reduction in the microwave power density on the reflection and absorption characteristics of the system are also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348829
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second generation, high-power, fundamental mode large-orbit gyrotron experiments (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 627-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experimental studies of a large-orbit gyrotron device operating at the fundamental of the cyclotron frequency have been conducted. Based on results of initial investigations at the University of Maryland a linear beam facility was retrofitted to produce rotating beams and a second experiment has been conducted. Experimental operation of this second device, aimed at the generation of rf radiation at ∼650 MHz corresponding to a tangential intersection of the beam-waveguide dispersion curves is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347342
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A fundamental mode, high-power, large-orbit gyrotron using a rectangular interaction region (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 8139-8145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper reports on experimental and theoretical studies of a fundamental mode, large-orbit gyrotron oscillator designed to produce high-power radiation in the rectangular TE10 mode at about 650 MHz. A basic linear theory for design and operation is presented and experiments confirm its applicability. Results of initial experiments have demonstrated 40±4.2 MW of microwave radiation in pulses equivalent in duration to the electron beam, corresponding to an efficiency of about 16%. In some cases, much greater power levels of 100±20 MW were observed at the expected frequency but in pulses of very short duration. In both cases, the observed frequency and mode pattern were consistent with operation in the fundamental mode. Experiments also demonstrated that the observed radiation was linearly polarized, as expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353453
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