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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3207-3209 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An adjustable resonance cavity was developed to measure the complex permittivity of dielectric materials. The cavity has an inner diameter of 16.400 cm and an inner height of 2.54 cm. The aluminum stationary wall holder was positioned about 10.8 cm above the top of the cavity. It was fixed into place by three 1.27-cm-diam linear shafts. By suspending from the wall holder, the movable wall moved vertically by sliding on 1.27 cm bore-closed ball bushings. By turning a 1 in.-12 nut, the movable wall could be positioned so that the cavity height equaled the height of the sample. Therefore, this enables the measurement of the permittivity of samples with heights between 0.88 and 1.91 cm and radius between 1.27 and 3.18 cm. The complex permittivity of the sample was calculated based upon the sample dimensions, central frequency of TMono modes, and Q factor of the resonance curve using an exact solution. The complex permittivity was measured at the three lowest modes, where the frequency span is 1–4 GHz. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 1453-1459 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Procedures to determine the parameters of optimized (for maximum efficiency) experimental short-period-wiggler free-electron laser (FEL) oscillators are presented. The calculations are based on a normalized set of nonlinear equations which describe a one-dimensional FEL oscillator. Scaling formulas relating the normalized theoretical parameters to dimensional experimental quantities are obtained. The physics of such realistic effects as waveguide dispersion, wiggler field dependence on magnet gap, beam energy spread, and the frequency tunability of tapered wigglers are considered. Finally, specific examples for both tapered and untapered 300-GHz, 1.0-MW FEL oscillators are calculated and discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 209-216 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The design of high power, continuous wave (cw), 170 GHz gyrotron cavities is considered. The anticipated degradation of efficiency with beam velocity spread places a premium on the optimization of efficiency. For parameters of interest achievement of high efficiency requires utilization of a high quality cavity. Two options are considered: a barrel cavity and a long simple tapered cavity operating at low voltage. The cavities are examined for their sensitivity to velocity spread, their mode competition, and their maximum Ohmic power dissipation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 3145-3161 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A time-dependent nonlinear analysis of a helix traveling wave tube (TWT) is presented for a configuration where an electron beam propagates through a sheath helix surrounded by a conducting wall. The effects of dielectric and vane loading are included in the formulation as is efficiency enhancement by tapering the helix pitch. Dielectric loading is described under the assumption that the gap between the helix and the wall is uniformly filled by a dielectric material. The vane-loading model describes the insertion of an arbitrary number of vanes running the length of the helix, and the polarization of the field between the vanes is assumed to be an azimuthally symmetric transverse-electric mode. The field is represented as a superposition of azimuthally symmetric waves in a vacuum sheath helix. An overall explicit sinusoidal variation of the form exp(ikz−iωt) is assumed (where ω denotes the angular frequency corresponding to the wave number k in the vacuum sheath helix), and the polarization and radial variation of each wave is determined by the boundary conditions in a vacuum sheath helix. The propagation of each wave in vacuo as well as the interaction of each wave with the electron beam is included by allowing the amplitudes of the waves to vary in z and t. A dynamical equation for the field amplitudes is derived analogously to Poynting's equation, and solved in conjunction with the three-dimensional Lorentz force equations for an ensemble of electrons. Electron beams with a both a continuous and emission-gated pulse format are analyzed, and the model is compared with linear theory of the interaction as well as with the performance of a TWTs operated at the Naval Research Laboratory and at Northrop–Grumman Corporation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2839-2846 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mode competition can present a major hurdle in achieving stable, efficient operation of a gyrotron at the cyclotron harmonics. A type of mode interaction in which three modes at different cyclotron harmonics are parametrically coupled together is analyzed here. This coupling can lead to parametric excitation or suppression of a mode; cyclic mode hopping; or the coexistence of three modes. Simulation results are presented for the parametric instability involving modes at the fundamental, second harmonic, and third harmonic of the cyclotron frequency. It is shown that the parametric excitation can lead to stable, efficient operation of a high-power gyrotron at the third harmonic. Based on this phenomenon, two practical designs are presented here for the third harmonic operation at 94 and 210 GHz. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 1708-1713 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A wiggler-focused, sheet beam free electron laser (FEL) amplifier utilizing a short-period wiggler magnet has been proposed as a millimeter-wave source for current profile modification and/or electron cyclotron resonance heating of tokamak plasmas. As proposed, such an amplifier would operate at a frequency of approximately 100–200 GHz with an output power of 1–10 MW CW. Electron beam energy would be in the range 500–1000 keV. To test important aspects of this concept, an initial sheet beam FEL amplifier experiment has been performed using a 1 mm×2 cm sheet beam produced by a pulse line accelerator with a pulse duration of 100 ns. The 500–570 keV, 4–18 A sheet beam is propagated through a 56 period uniform wiggler (λw=9.6 mm) with a peak wiggler amplitude of 2–5 kG. Linear amplification of a 5–10 W, 94 GHz signal injected in the TE01 rectangular mode is observed. All features of the amplified signal, including pulse shape and duration, are in accordance with the predictions of numerical simulation. Amplified signal gain has been measured as a function of injected beam energy, current, and wiggler field amplitude and is also in good agreement with simulation results. Continuation of this experiment will involve studying nonlinear amplifier operation and adding a section of tapered wiggler.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 1714-1720 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sheet electron beams focused by periodically cusped magnetic (PCM) fields are stable against low-frequency velocity-shear instabilities (such as the diocotron mode). This is in contrast to the more familiar unstable behavior in uniform solenoidal magnetic fields. A period-averaged analytic model shows that a PCM-focused beam is stabilized by ponderomotive forces for short PCM periods. Numerical particle simulations for a semi-infinite sheet beam verify this prediction and also indicate diocotron stability for long PCM periods is less constraining than providing for space-charge confinement and trajectory stability in the PCM focusing system. In this article the issue of beam matching and side focusing for sheet beams of finite width is also discussed. A review of past and present theoretical and experimental investigations of sheet-beam transport is presented.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 714-729 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Space charge instabilities in gyrotron electron beams are studied via both the solution of the linear dispersion equation and by nonlinear particle simulation. The linear analysis addresses the stabilizing effects of energy spread in the beam and the inhomogeneity of the external magnetic field. The nonlinear multifrequency simulation demonstrates that for a uniform magnetic field, the energy spread induced by many unstable waves will be larger than the corresponding spread induced by a single unstable wave. This emphasizes the need to design electron guns that are stable to this mode.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 730-740 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A numerical model for analyzing backward-wave oscillators (BWOs) operating near the upper edge of the transmission band is presented. The model is used to calculate starting currents for two finite length devices, an X-band BWO (f=8.4 GHz) and a J-band BWO (f=5.5 GHz). The operating frequency and efficiency predicted by the nonlinear numerical simulations are compared with experimental data for each device.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 337-344 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transport equations for particle density, toroidal angular momentum, and poloidal rotation are derived in the presence of strong particle and momentum sources in general axisymmetric toroidal geometry. It is shown that the state with no poloidal rotation is unstable on flux surfaces where the local particle source rate is sufficiently poloidally asymmetric and, roughly, more rapid than the damping rate of poloidal rotation from magnetic pumping. In agreement with earlier results, it is also shown that a toroidally injected momentum source can drive poloidal rotation if the momentum deposition is poloidally asymmetric. Thus poloidal rotation could be induced in tokamaks by asymmetric particle fueling.
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