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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of limestone and of limestone plus NPK fertilization on the soil and mass balance of a spruce stand (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the Vosges mountains
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Forest Ecology and Management 60 (1993), S. 291-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1127
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(93)90085-2
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of spruce (Picea abies Karst.) on soil development: an analytical and experimental approach (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of soil science 45 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Changes in soil and biogeochemical processes following the replacement, 60 years ago, of part of a deciduous forest by a coniferous stand were evaluated by (i) a balance-sheet approach using soil and biomass element content analyses and the mineral flux, and (ii) the inclusion of test-mineral and resin bags in an integrative experimental approach.The comparison of soils under different stands shows that the change to spruce is inducing physical, chemical and biological modifications in soil properties. Changes in the humus layers lead to a reduction in mineralization and the mobilization of active organic acids in the system. Under spruce, the soil structural stability is reduced as fine clay is dispersed. Soil acidification is increased, linked to a decrease in soil pH and desaturation of the soil exchange complex. Soil mineralogy also indicates this tendency, particularly with an increase in the stability of Al intergrades. The biogeochemical cycle is modified especially for N, S and Al. with large changes in the internal fluxes between the ecosystem components, but the modification of the input-output balance due to spruce introduction is large only for S.The acidification is partly due to a change in litter quality, which inhibits biological activity, and partly because, during the dormant season, evergreen species intercept ‘dry and occult’ depositions from the atmosphere containing acidic or potentially acidic components.Use of test-mineral bags improves understanding and interpretation of the current soil mechanisms. The test mineral, a vermiculite, introduced into the soil or placed in the lysimeter flux very quickly undergoes measurable transformation characterized by desaturation and fixation of non-exchangeable Al in the interlayer zone, easily identified by Al speciation. The acidifying effect of spruce is clearly demonstrated by the experimental approach used, including the characterization of soil solutions by resin bags.All the techniques are complementary and could be used together or individually, depending on the aim of the study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1994.tb00501.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental in situ transformation of vermiculites to study the weathering impact of tree species on the soil (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 52 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Weathering of soil minerals under forest seems to depend on the species present. To study the influence of tree species we placed unweathered vermiculites in the soil and assessed the impact in terms of saturation index of earth-alkaline cations and cation exchange capacity in 64 forest stands, dominated by different species and growing side by side at 20 sites on acidic soils. The vermiculites were of two types, one with a large charge and the other with a small charge. Minerals were maintained in the soil for 1 and 3 years.The minerals placed in the topsoil and in soils with low buffering capacity were more acidified and weathered than those deeper in the soil and in less acid conditions. The vermiculites were transformed into hydroxylated interlayered vermiculites, and the formation of hydroxides in the interlayer space decreased the vermiculites' cation exchange capacities. The high-charge vermiculite had a greater affinity for aluminium than the low-charge variety. The effect of tree species was significant but small compared with factors such as soil type, depth and duration of incubation. Nevertheless, we can rank the acidifying and weathering caused by the trees in the following order: Picea abies, Abies alba 〉 Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii 〉 Quercus spp., Fagus sylvatica. This in situ experimental approach enabled us to study potential trends in pedogenesis in few years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.t01-1-00359.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of cation exchange capacity between organic matter and mineral fractions in acid forest soils (Vosges mountains, France) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of soil science 47 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 18 samples (〈2 mm) of five acid soils developed on granite or gneiss was measured before and after H2O2 treatment from pH-unbuffered extraction solution (1 N KCl). The pH in water of the soils ranged from 3.4–4.7. The samples were separated into seven fractions (〈2 μm, 2–20 μm, 20–50 μm, 0.05–0.2 mm, 0.2–0.5 mm, 0.5–1 mm and 1–2 mm) and the CEC of each measured. Thus the contribution of each size fraction and of organic matter to the CEC was obtained. From CEC measurements on the different fractions and particle size distribution data, a balance calculation was carried out to verify the methodology. According to the hypotheses used and soil characteristics, the CEC of organic matter was found to vary from 35 to 165 cmolc kg−1 and so represented from 10 to 85% of the total soil CEC in the upper soil horizons. In these sandy soils developed on granite or gneiss which were frequently affected by hydrothermal alteration, the CEC of silt and sand fractions was large. It can represent from 35 to 80% of the total soil mineral CEC. The specific contribution of the 0.2–2 mm fraction can reach 50% of the total soil mineral CEC with values ranging from 0.5–5.2 cmolc kg−1. The mineralogical description showed that hydrothermal white micas and neoformed smectites (precipitated during weathering) were present in all the fractions even in the coarsest ones. In some subsoils, albite grains containing smectite have a CEC as large as 21 cmolc kg−1. This study shows that the CEC of acid soils was not always located in the organic matter and in the clay fraction. The sand fraction can contribute substantially to the soil CEC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01854.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of chemical composition of soil solutions collected by zero-tension plate lysimeters with those from ceramic-cup lysimeters in a forest soil (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of soil science 47 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: We analysed the chemistry of solutions collected from soil by zero-tension plate lysimeters and cup lysimeters connected to a constant suction (600 hPa) under Douglas fir in the Beaujolais mountains (France). The chemistry of zero-tension lysimeters' (ZTL) and tension lysimeters' (TL) solutions differed enormously: TL solutions were most concentrated in Si, NH4-N, NO3--N, Cl−, Mg2+ and A13+ and TOC, whereas Ca2+ and K+ concentrations were greater in ZTL solutions. Organic matter (OM) greatly influenced the solution chemistry in both ZTL and TL. The chemistry of ZTL solutions was affected mainly by OM mineralization in the forest floor and upper soil horizon, and that of TL solution seemed to be related to destabilization of humified compounds under the new vegetation. Nitrification was important: residual nitrification led to excess protons neutralized in weathering or ion exchange reactions, mobilized cations, mainly A13+. Selectivity coefficients calculated both for ZTL and TL solutions formalized the differences between the two types of solutions. Nevertheless, these coefficients remained most often within the same order of magnitude indicating relations between them. Solutions from the two devices provided different information and should not be used for the same objectives. Solutions from ZTL are suited for ecosystem input-output budgets, whereas TL solutions are more useful when equilibrium between the solution and solid phase or when plant nutrition are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01414.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil solution chemistry in the rhizosphere of roots of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) as influenced by lime (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 209 (1999), S. 209-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: liming ; micro lysimetry ; rhizosphere ; rhizotron ; sessile oak ; soil solution chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This study describes the soil solution chemistry in the rhizosphere of fine roots of sessile oak ( Quercus petraea (M.) Liebl.) grown in rhizotrons. A control was compared with soils treated with an equivalent CaCO3 of 1.4 t ha-1 CaO. Solution samples were extracted from the B-horizon using micro suction cups with a suction of ∼40 kPa. Two series of experiments were carried out: one irrigated with rain water (age of seedling 2 to 4 months) and one irrigated with demineralized water (age of seedlings 1.5 to 2 months). Half of the sampling points were choosen close to the roots and half in the bulk soil. In both experiments there was generally no rhizospheric gradient after liming. In contrast, in the control, depletion in the rhizosphere occurred for most of the ions studied (Mg, Ca, Al, K, NO3 -, NH4 +, Cl-) in the demineralized water experiment, but this was different when rainwater was used. The latter effect is probably due to the higher solution concentrations in the rainwater experiment but could also be a result of root damage due to low Ca/Al ratios in the rhizosphere solution. It was concluded, that liming improved the chemical composition in the rhizosphere soil solution by increasing overall solute concentration to levels enabling sufficient and easier nutrient uptake by roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004511712471
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Base Cation Supply in Spruce and Beech Ecosystems of the Strengbach Catchment (Vosges Mountains, N-E France) (1998)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 104 (1998), S. 125-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: forest soil ; mineral supply ; modelling ; sustainability ; weathering rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In spruce and beech stands, mineral budgets for a rotation period were calculated from measured element fluxes. The release of base cations by mineral weathering was calculated with the steady state soil chemistry model PROFILE. The calcium release rate by weathering of the mineral fine earth was extremely low. For the period of one rotation, mineral weathering cannot provide enough Ca to compensate timber harvesting and leaching. Forest sustainability depends strongly on the amounts of Ca gained from deposition and lost by biomass removal. Magnesium was supplied by atmospheric deposition and mineral weathering. Calculated weathering rates were close to present soil losses. However, as the model assumes that all dissolution reactions are congruent, the computed release rate of Mg from illite might be too high. Main inputs of K to the soil solutions were primarily attributed to canopy leaching and litterfall in upper horizons and to mineral weathering in deeper horizons. The cation budget of the beech stand was much more equilibrated than that of the spruce stand. Given possible changes in silviculture and deposition chemistry, the sustainability of the present stands is rather improbable with respect to their mineral supply.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004966302517
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral supply of healthy and declining trees of a young spruce stand (1990)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 54 (1990), S. 269-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Two subsamples of healthy and declining trees of the same spruce stand were studied for their biomass and mineral content. Calcium and Mg content of the stand was found to be of the same order of magnitude as the total amount of these elements on the exchangeable capacity of the soil. This result shows that on poor soils fast growth of young stands is a powerful factor influencing soil impoverishment and acidification. The difference between the Ca and Mg content of yellow and green trees is equal to the amount of these elements which is taken up by the green trees during a 2 yr period. This suggests that this difference is the result of a rather long term trend of inadequate nutrient uptake. The evolution of Ca and Mg concentrations in relation to age of needles shows that declining trees support their growth by concentrating their Ca and Mg supply into the growing organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02385246
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral supply of healthy and declining trees of a young spruce stand (1990)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 54 (1990), S. 269-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Two subsamples of healthy and declining trees of the same spruce stand were studied for their biomass and mineral content. Calcium and Mg content of the stand was found to be of the same order of magnitude as the total amount of these elements on the exchangeable capacity of the soil. This result shows that on poor soils fast growth of young stands is a powerful factor influencing soil impoverishment and acidification. The difference between the Ca and Mg content of yellow and green trees is equal to the amount of these elements which is taken up by the green trees during a 2 yr period.This suggests that this difference is the result of a rather long term trend of inadequate nutrient uptake.The evolution of Ca and Mg concentrations in relation to age of needles shows that declining trees support their growth by concentrating their Ca and Mg supply into the growing organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298671
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  • 10
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    Deformed band structures in neutron-rich Pm152–158 isotopes (2018)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-17
    Print ISSN: 2469-9985
    Electronic ISSN: 2469-9993
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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