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  • 1
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    Genome sequence of an obligate intracellular pathogen of humans: Chlamydia trachomatis (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-23
    Description: Analysis of the 1,042,519-base pair Chlamydia trachomatis genome revealed unexpected features related to the complex biology of chlamydiae. Although chlamydiae lack many biosynthetic capabilities, they retain functions for performing key steps and interconversions of metabolites obtained from their mammalian host cells. Numerous potential virulence-associated proteins also were characterized. Several eukaryotic chromatin-associated domain proteins were identified, suggesting a eukaryotic-like mechanism for chlamydial nucleoid condensation and decondensation. The phylogenetic mosaic of chlamydial genes, including a large number of genes with phylogenetic origins from eukaryotes, implies a complex evolution for adaptation to obligate intracellular parasitism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephens, R S -- Kalman, S -- Lammel, C -- Fan, J -- Marathe, R -- Aravind, L -- Mitchell, W -- Olinger, L -- Tatusov, R L -- Zhao, Q -- Koonin, E V -- Davis, R W -- AI 39258/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 23;282(5389):754-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Infectious Diseases, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ctgenome@socrates.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9784136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/biosynthesis ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Chlamydia trachomatis/classification/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; DNA Repair ; Energy Metabolism ; Enzymes/chemistry/genetics ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Humans ; Lipids/biosynthesis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptidoglycan/biosynthesis/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transformation, Bacterial ; Virulence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental-stage-specific plasmid supercoiling in Chlamydia trachomatis (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Chlamydia trachomatis elementary body (EB) and reticulate body (RB) developmental stages have polymorphic plasmid DNA. Several plasmid forms separated by gel electrophoresis were identified as topoisomers by treatment with topoisomerase I. Among these topoisomers was one form unique to EBs and one form unique to RBs. The unique EB plasmid topoisomer was characterized as highly supercoiled, on the basis of band migrations by gel electrophoresis and its appearance by electron microscopy. The unusual physical state of this topoisomer was probably mediated, in part, by DNA-specific structural proteins. The unique RB plasmid topoisomer was a supercoiled form of lower superhelical density than the other identified topoisomers. Developmental-stage-specific differences in superhelical density of plasmid DNA suggest cause-and effect relationships between DNA topology and metabolic activity in RBs and metabolic quiescence in EBs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02064.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cysteine-rich outer membrane proteins of Chlamydia trachomatis display compensatory sequence changes between biovariants (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two cysteine-rich proteins of Chlamydia trachomatis are essential structural components of the unique outer membrane of the infectious elementary body. These 58000 (outer membrane protein 2; OMP2) and 15000 (OMP3) proteins also differ structurally and chemically between biovariants that differ in invasive capability. We have identified the gene for OMP3 and sequenced both trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) omp3 genes. We have previously sequenced omp2 from the LGV biovar and now describe the omp2 sequence for a trachoma biovariant. Amino acid sequence differences between biovariants were few but, significantly, these changes have altered the charge of both OMP2 and OMP3 such that the net charge of each protein differs between biovariants. These compensatory charge alterations have implications for the outer membrane organization of these proteins. In addition, examination of the OMP3 sequence suggests that OMP3 may be a lipoprotein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02065.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A soluble 60 kilo Dalton antigen of Chlamydia spp. is a homologue of Escherichia coli GroEL (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two major 60kD protein species can be separated by differential detergent extraction in Chlamydia spp. A Sarkosyl-soluble 60kD protein is (i) structurally and antigenically distinct from the previously characterized 60kD Omp2 outer membrane protein; and (ii) antigenically related to a bacterial common antigen of similar molecular weight which includes a 65 kD myco-bacterial antigen and the GroEL heat-shook protein of Escherichia coli. Among GroEL homologues, the chlamydial protein (chl-GroEL) uniquely displays affinity towards immobilized thiol groups. The significance of this property is discussed with respect to the synthesis and assembly of the chlamydial disulphide-rich cell wall late in the growth cycle. Chl-GroEL is identical to the Triton X-100-soluble, ocular delayed-type hypersensitivity agent (Morrison et al., 1989), an essential component in the development of blinding trachoma. An autoimmune mechanism for chronic chlamydial diseases based on chl-GroEL homology to host proteins is hypothesized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00612.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of gene sequences coding for hypervariable regions of Opa (protein II) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Opas (protein IIs) are a family of surface-exposed proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Each strain of N. gonorrhoeae has multiple (10–11) genes encoding for Opas. Identifiable elements in opa genes include the coding repeat within the signal sequence, conserved 5′ and 3′ regions, and hypervariable regions (HV1 and HV2) located within the structural gene. N. gonorrhoeae strains appear to have many biological properties in common that are either HV-region-mediated or associated with the presence of specific HV regions, suggesting that HV regions could be found in many clinical isolates. Oligonucleotides from three source strains representing three conserved regions of opa, 12 HV1 regions, and 14 HV2 regions were used by dot blot analysis to probe 120 clinicial isolates of N. gonorrhoeae. The probe for the coding repeat hybridized to all 120 strains, the 3′ conserved-region probe reacted with 98% of the strains, and the 5′ conserved-region probe with 90% of the strains. Nine HV1 probes hybridized to 3.3–39.2% of the strains, and 13 of the HV2 probes hybridized to 1.7–25% of the isolates. Analysis of the number of probes that hybridized to each of the isolates showed that 19% did not hybridize with any of the HV1 probes and 25% did not hybridize with any of the HV2 probes. Approximately three-quarters of the isolates hybridized with one, two or three of the HV1 probes or one, two or three of the HV2 probes; 89% of the isolates hybridized to least one HV1 or oe HV2 probe. The data indicate that some genes encoding HV regions of N. gonorhoeae Opa proteins are widely distributed in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01866.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rapid chemiluminescent DNA hybridization assay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 357-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chlamydia ; solution phase hybridization ; microtitre dish ; Chemiluminescence ; enzyme triggerable dioxetanes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: With an estimated 3-4 million new cases per year, human infections from Chlamydia trachomatis are probably the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the United States. Diagnosis of Chlamydia is usually conducted by tissue culture methods. Direct immunofluorescence and ELISA tests have become available, but there remains a need for a test with better specificity and sensitivity. In response to this need, we have developed a rapid DNA hybridization assay using synthetic oligonucleotide probes to detect the presence of the Chlamydia trachomatis specific 7.4 kb plasmid. The assay involves solution phase hybridization of unlabelled probes, rapid capture of the probe-target duplex onto a microtitre dish surface, a new signal amplification technique that employs chemically cross-linked oligonucleotides, and an alkaline phosphatase labelled probe. Signal is obtained by reacting the labelled probe-target complex with an enzyme triggerable dioxetane substrate. Detection of the chemiluminescent output is performed either with a luminometer or by exposure to instant film. All 15 serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis react positively while organisms known to co-inhabit the human urogenital tract react negatively.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040149
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  • 7
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    ChxR is a transcriptional activator in Chlamydia (2006)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-09
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    British Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) coal-bearing sequences: where is the time? (2014)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-28
    Description: The Lower and Middle Coal Measures of Langsettian (Westphalian A) and Duckmantian (Westphalian B) age (together equals Bashkirian in part) in Britain comprise an alternation of clastic sediments and coal deposited on coastal and alluvial plains over a period of 2–3.5 million years, depending on which time scale is accepted. In both the Pennine and South Wales Basins there are no obvious unconformities. Many of the clastic sequences show evidence of rapid sedimentation (burial of trees, bivalve escape burrows) that may suggest that a significant amount of time is taken up during the peat-forming intervals. Thickness data from a range of boreholes that record continuous sections through this time period were collated. Coal and sediment thicknesses, as well as coal to sediment ratios, are compared both within and across the basins. Data on the coals has allowed consideration of the time taken to deposit the peats. This work considers the compaction of the peat to coal, as well as a range of peat accumulation rates. Assuming the largest de-compaction rates and slowest accumulation rates of the coal formation, less than 50% of the allocated time can be accounted for. In addition however, calculations suggest that peat formation accounts for less than 25% of the total time taken for sediment accumulation. It is suspected that there are major time gaps in the sequences, most probably occurring between seat-earths and coal and within the coals, and it is believed that this finding has significance for the debate over short-term climate changes in the Carboniferous and the causes of peat and sediment alternations. Supplementary material: Borehole thickness data and references are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18788
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 9
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    Systematic Geologic Mapping of Venus: Equatorial Highlands of Western Aphrodite Regio (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Mechanisms of host cell exit by the intracellular bacterium Chlamydia (2007)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-25
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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