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  • 1
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    Ultrasonic diagnostic instruments (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: The underlying physical principles and current limitations of diagnostic ultrasonic instruments are reviewed. Recently developed ultrasonic imaging devices using pulsed-reflected ultrasound are discussed in detail. These instruments transmit short trains of 1.5- to 10-megahertz sound. Echoes reflected from tissue are converted to electrical signals, which are presented on a display device to outline the contour of tissues and organs within the body. The physical resolution of the system is dependent on several design factors in addition to the transmitted sound frequencies. A resolution volume of approximately 1.5 by 3 by 4 millimeters is achieved optimally with commercially available systems operating at 2.25 megahertz. The various instrument designs are described in the context of clinical usage. Because the sound is diffracted, refracted, and reflected, tghe imaging considerations are different from those of x-ray imaging. Diagnostic devices based on the Doppler principle are distinguished from pulsed-reflected ultrasonic instruments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Popp, R L -- Macovski, A -- GM-17940/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL-21278/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):268-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Auscultation/instrumentation ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Echocardiography/methods ; Heart Valve Diseases/diagnosis ; Humans ; Rheology ; Ultrasonics/*instrumentation ; Ultrasonography
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Echocardiographic evaluation of Space Shuttle crewmembers (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular volume were obtained from 17 members of four Space Shuttle crews before and after 5- to 8-day space flights. Measurements obtained 1 h after landing indicated increases in the heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure, and systemic vascular resistance values. On the other hand, the end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) fell 17 ml/sq m, and the stroke volume index (SVI) fell 15 ml/sq m. Measurements taken 1-2 weeks later demonstrated that the HR values returned to normal, but the EDVI and SVI values remained significantly below preflight levels, despite the ability of the subjects to ambulate and exercise. The results indicate that a space flight induces significant changes in heart volume affecting the left-ventricle function. It is suggested that the prolonged recovery period is related to the high level of aerobic conditioning in these subjects.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology (ISSN 0161-7567); 62; 278-283
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Acute rejection following cardiac transplantation - Phonocardiographic and ultrasound observations (1969)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Phonocardiographic and ultrasound observations of acute rejection following cardiac transplantation, considering rejection treatment at early stage
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: ; 39(
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Changes in cardiovascular function: Weightlessness and ground-based studies (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Echocardiographic measurements were taken on members of four Space Shuttle missions before (F-10 to F-12) and twice after (L+0 and L+7 to 14 days) 7- to 9-day space flight missions. Such recordings allowed for determination of left ventricular chamber dimensions and subsequent calculations of left ventricular volume and stroke volume. Resting ventricular volume could be shown to significantly decrease 23% on L+) and to be associated with a significant 28% decrease in stroke volume. Studies 7 to 14 days layer showed amelioration of effects, but persistence of end diastolic volume change. Such findings occurred despite ability to fully ambulate and exercise during the postflight period. Comparison of findings with bed rested subjects (athletic and nonathletic) showed similar changes, but changes after bed rest were of smaller magnitude compared to the flight crews. It is concluded that space flight induces significant changes in heart volume even after short duration (7-9 days) missions. Heavy athletic conditioning preflight may contribute to the severity of the observed changes in the flight crews and to the apparent slow postflight process of recovery.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: AGARD Results of Space Expt. in Physiol. and Med. and Informal Briefings by the F-16 Med. Working Group; 9 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Tutorial: Developmental highlights and present applications of cardiac ultrasound (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Current applications of ultrasound for cardiac imaging are reviewed. Display methods and modes are discussed in detail. Instrumentation and limitations are summarized.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Soc. of Photo-Opt. Instrumentation Engrs. Cardiovascular Imaging and Image Processing; p 3-8
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Diagnostic accuracy of an ultrasonic multiple transducer cardiac imaging system (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An ultrasonic multiple-transducer imaging system for intracardiac structure visualization is developed in order to simplify visualization of the human heart in vivo without radiation hazard or invasion of the body. Results of the evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the devised system in a clinical setting for adult patients are presented and discussed. Criteria are presented for recognition of mitral valva prolapse, mitral stenosis, pericardial effusion, atrial septal defect, and left ventricular dyssynergy. The probable cause for false-positive and false-negative diagnoses is discussed. However, hypertrophic myopathy and congestive myopathy were unable to be detected. Since only qualitative criteria were used, it was not possible to differentiate patients with left ventricular volume overload from patients without cardiac pathology.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: American Heart Journal; 90; Sept
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Proposed application of lower body negative pressure to cardiology (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Potential medical applications are presented of lower body negative pressure to the evaluation and treatment of cardiac patients. The essential features of an LBNP unit and the basic cardiovascular physiology of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) testing are described. Some of the results of previous spaceflight experiences and bedrest studies are summarized. The deconditioning effects of weightlessness experienced by orbiting astronauts are compared with the effects of bedrest restrictions prescribed for convalescing cardiac patients. The potential of LBNP for evaluating both pharmacological and physical activity regimens was examined, particularly in relation to post-myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass patients. Applications of LBNP to the cardiac catheterization laboratory and the out-patient follow-up of cardiac patients are proposed.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Type: PAPER-63 , NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 8th Conf. on Space Simulation; p 769-782
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Cardiac chamber size and volume - Echographic measurement of cardiac chamber dimensions, volume and ventricular function (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    An improved method for echographic detection of left atrial enlargement (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Echographic dimensions of the aortic root and left atrium were compared in 170 patients in order to assess dilation of the left atrium with reference to the relatively nondistensible fibrous aortic root. In 50 patients without cause for left atrial or aortic enlargement, the ratio of left atrial/aortic root dimensions was 0.87 to 1.11. In 80 patients with known cause for left atrial enlargement, the left atrial/aortic root ratio was greater than or equal to 1.17. In 40 patients with isolated valve disease, dilation of both the aortic root and the left atrium resulted in a left atrial/aortic root dimension ratio less than 1.17 in some patients. Despite this consideration, the comparison of left atrial and aortic root dimension appears to be as specific as, and more sensitive than, previously proposed methods for the evaluation of left atrial enlargement.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Circulation; 50; July 197
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Ultrasound in the early detection and study of post-transplatation cardiac rejection (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Application of reflected ultrasound to detection of post-operative rejection of heart transplant
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-121642
    Format: application/pdf
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