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  • 1
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    Animal cryptochromes mediate magnetoreception by an unconventional photochemical mechanism (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-26
    Description: Understanding the biophysical basis of animal magnetoreception has been one of the greatest challenges in sensory biology. Recently it was discovered that the light-dependent magnetic sense of Drosophila melanogaster is mediated by the ultraviolet (UV)-A/blue light photoreceptor cryptochrome (Cry). Here we show, using a transgenic approach, that the photoreceptive, Drosophila-like type 1 Cry and the transcriptionally repressive, vertebrate-like type 2 Cry of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) can both function in the magnetoreception system of Drosophila and require UV-A/blue light (wavelength below 420 nm) to do so. The lack of magnetic responses for both Cry types at wavelengths above 420 nm does not fit the widely held view that tryptophan triad-generated radical pairs mediate the ability of Cry to sense a magnetic field. We bolster this assessment by using a mutant form of Drosophila and monarch type 1 Cry and confirm that the tryptophan triad pathway is not crucial in magnetic transduction. Together, these results suggest that animal Crys mediate light-dependent magnetoreception through an unconventional photochemical mechanism. This work emphasizes the utility of Drosophila transgenesis for elucidating the precise mechanisms of Cry-mediated magnetosensitivity in insects and also in vertebrates such as migrating birds.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820607/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820607/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gegear, Robert J -- Foley, Lauren E -- Casselman, Amy -- Reppert, Steven M -- R01 GM086794/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086794-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 11;463(7282):804-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08719. Epub 2010 Jan 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA. robert.gegear@umassmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20098414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration/physiology/radiation effects ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Butterflies/genetics/*metabolism/radiation effects ; Cryptochromes/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*metabolism/radiation effects ; Eye Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Magnetics ; Orientation/physiology/radiation effects ; *Photochemical Processes/radiation effects ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/metabolism/radiation effects ; Transgenes/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Cryptochrome mediates light-dependent magnetosensitivity in Drosophila (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-22
    Description: Although many animals use the Earth's magnetic field for orientation and navigation, the precise biophysical mechanisms underlying magnetic sensing have been elusive. One theoretical model proposes that geomagnetic fields are perceived by chemical reactions involving specialized photoreceptors. However, the specific photoreceptor involved in such magnetoreception has not been demonstrated conclusively in any animal. Here we show that the ultraviolet-A/blue-light photoreceptor cryptochrome (Cry) is necessary for light-dependent magnetosensitive responses in Drosophila melanogaster. In a binary-choice behavioural assay for magnetosensitivity, wild-type flies show significant naive and trained responses to a magnetic field under full-spectrum light ( approximately 300-700 nm) but do not respond to the field when wavelengths in the Cry-sensitive, ultraviolet-A/blue-light part of the spectrum (〈420 nm) are blocked. Notably, Cry-deficient cry(0) and cry(b) flies do not show either naive or trained responses to a magnetic field under full-spectrum light. Moreover, Cry-dependent magnetosensitivity does not require a functioning circadian clock. Our work provides, to our knowledge, the first genetic evidence for a Cry-based magnetosensitive system in any animal.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2559964/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2559964/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gegear, Robert J -- Casselman, Amy -- Waddell, Scott -- Reppert, Steven M -- R01 MH069883/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH069883-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS047141/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS047141-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 21;454(7207):1014-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07183. Epub 2008 Jul 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18641630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology/radiation effects ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology/radiation effects ; Cryptochromes ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology/*radiation effects ; Flavoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Light ; *Magnetics ; Mutation ; Sensation/physiology/*radiation effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Antennal circadian clocks coordinate sun compass orientation in migratory monarch butterflies (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-26
    Description: During their fall migration, Eastern North American monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) use a time-compensated Sun compass to aid navigation to their overwintering grounds in central Mexico. It has been assumed that the circadian clock that provides time compensation resides in the brain, although this assumption has never been examined directly. Here, we show that the antennae are necessary for proper time-compensated Sun compass orientation in migratory monarch butterflies, that antennal clocks exist in monarchs, and that they likely provide the primary timing mechanism for Sun compass orientation. These unexpected findings pose a novel function for the antennae and open a new line of investigation into clock-compass connections that may extend widely to other insects that use this orientation mechanism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754321/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754321/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merlin, Christine -- Gegear, Robert J -- Reppert, Steven M -- R01 GM086794/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086794-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 25;325(5948):1700-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1176221.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration/*physiology ; Animals ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Brain/cytology/physiology ; Butterflies/genetics/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Cryptochromes ; Flavoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Flight, Animal/*physiology ; Gene Expression ; Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Orientation ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Seasons ; Sense Organs/physiology ; *Solar System
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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