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  • 1
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    Specificity and function of HIV-1 mAbs [Medical Sciences] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-04
    Description: The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) undergoes conformational transitions consequent to CD4 binding and coreceptor engagement during viral entry. The physical steps in this process are becoming defined, but less is known about their significance as targets of antibodies potentially protective against HIV-1 infection. Here we probe the functional significance of...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Driving extreme variability: the evolving corona and evidence for jet launching in Markarian 335 (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-20
    Description: Variations in the X-ray emission from the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy, Markarian 335, are studied on both long and short time-scales through observations made between 2006 and 2013 with XMM–Newton , Suzaku and NuSTAR . Changes in the geometry and energetics of the corona that give rise to this variability are inferred through measurements of the relativistically blurred reflection seen from the accretion disc. On long time-scales, we find that during the high-flux epochs the corona has expanded, covering the inner regions of the accretion disc out to a radius of $26_{-7}^{+10}$ r g . The corona contracts to within 12 r g and 5 r g in the intermediate- and low-flux epochs, respectively. While the earlier high-flux observation made in 2006 is consistent with a corona extending over the inner part of the accretion disc, a later high-flux observation that year revealed that the X-ray source had become collimated into a vertically extended jet-like corona and suggested relativistic motion of material upwards. On short time-scales, we find that an X-ray flare during a low-flux epoch in 2013 corresponded to a reconfiguration from a slightly extended corona to one much more compact, within just 2 ~ 3 r g of the black hole. There is evidence that during the flare itself, the spectrum softened and the corona became collimated and slightly extended vertically as if a jet-launching event was aborted. Understanding the evolution of the X-ray emitting corona may reveal the underlying mechanism by which the luminous X-ray sources in AGN are powered.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Modelling the extreme X-ray spectrum of IRAS 13224-3809 (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: The extreme narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 13224–3809 shows significant variability, frequency-dependent time lags, and strong Fe K line and Fe L features in the long 2011 XMM–Newton observation. In this work, we study the spectral properties of IRAS 13224–3809 in detail, and carry out a series of analyses to probe the nature of the source, focusing in particular on the spectral variability exhibited. The reflection grating spectrometer spectrum shows no obvious signatures of absorption by partially ionized material (‘warm’ absorbers). We fit the 0.3–10.0 keV spectra with a model that includes relativistic reflection from the inner accretion disc, a standard power-law active galactic nucleus continuum, and a low-temperature (~0.1 keV) blackbody, which may originate in the accretion disc, either as direct or reprocessed thermal emission. We find that the reflection model explains the time-averaged spectrum well, and we also undertake flux-resolved and time-resolved spectral analyses, which provide evidence of gravitational light-bending effects. Additionally, the temperature and flux of the blackbody component are found to follow the L T 4 relation expected for simple thermal blackbody emission from a constant emitting area, indicating a physical origin for this component.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    AIDS: the process of discovery (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallo, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 10;275(5297):141; author reply 142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8999538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemokines/*physiology ; HIV/*physiology ; Humans ; Italy ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Receptors, Cytokine/*physiology ; Receptors, HIV/*physiology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Transmission of HTLV-III infection from human plasma to chimpanzees: an animal model for AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-02
    Description: Two of three chimpanzees given plasma from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or pre-AIDS showed serum antibodies to type III human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-III) 10 to 12 weeks after transfusion. One animal also developed lymphadenopathy, transient depression of the ratio of T4 to T8 lymphocytes, and impaired blastogenic responses. No opportunistic infections occurred. Adenopathy persisted for 32 weeks, and antibody to HTLV-III persisted for at least 48 weeks. This transmission of HTLV-III by lymphocyte-poor plasma confirms the potential risk of such plasma or plasma derivatives to recipients. The susceptibility of the chimpanzee to HTLV-III infection and the ability to simulate the human lymphadenopathy syndrome in this animal makes it a valuable model for further study of AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alter, H J -- Eichberg, J W -- Masur, H -- Saxinger, W C -- Gallo, R -- Macher, A M -- Lane, H C -- Fauci, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 2;226(4674):549-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6093251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/pathology/*transmission ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; *Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; *Pan troglodytes/microbiology ; T-Lymphocytes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Flaring from the supermassive black hole in Mrk 335 studied with Swift and NuSTAR (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-01
    Description: Monitoring of the narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy Markarian 335 (Mrk 335) with the Swift satellite discovered an X-ray flare beginning 2014 August 29. At the peak, the 0.5–5 keV count rate had increased from that in the low-flux state by a factor of 10. A target of opportunity observation was triggered with NuSTAR , catching the decline of the flare on 2014 September 20. We present a joint analysis of Swift and NuSTAR observations to understand the cause of this flare. The X-ray spectrum shows an increase in directly observed continuum flux and the softening of the continuum spectrum to a photon index of $2.49_{-0.07}^{+0.08}$ compared to the previous low-flux observations. The X-ray spectrum remains well described by the relativistically blurred reflection of the continuum from the accretion disc whose emissivity profile suggests that it is illuminated by a compact X-ray source, extending at most 5.2  r g over the disc. A very low reflection fraction of $0.41_{-0.15}^{+0.15}$ is measured, unexpected for such a compact corona. The X-ray flare is, hence, interpreted as arising from the vertical collimation and ejection of the X-ray emitting corona at a mildly relativistic velocity, causing the continuum emission to be beamed away from the disc. As the flare subsides, the base of this jet-like structure collapses into a compact X-ray source that provides the majority of the radiation that illuminates the disc while continuum emission is still detected from energetic particles further out, maintaining the low reflection fraction.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    The Comptonization of accretion disc X-ray emission: consequences for X-ray reflection and the geometry of AGN coronae (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-08
    Description: We consider the Comptonization of the photons that make up the relativistically blurred reflection that is commonly detected from the accretion discs of active galactic nuclei by the coronae of energetic particles believed to give rise to the powerful X-ray continua by the inverse-Compton scattering of thermal seed photons from the disc. Recent measurements of the emissivity profiles of accretion discs as well as reverberation time lags between the primary X-ray continuum and the reflection suggest that this corona is situated at a low height above the disc and extends radially, tens of gravitational radii over the disc surface, hence should also Compton scatter the reflected X-rays. We find that the detection of blurred reflection from as close in as the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs) of maximally rotating black holes is consistent with such coronae, but requires that the corona be patchy, consisting perhaps of a number of isolated flares throughout the region. Considering only the requirement that it be possible to detect reflection from the ISCO, we find that at any given moment, the covering fraction of the inner part of the accretion disc by the corona needs to be less than 85 per cent, although the detection of ‘reflection-dominated’ spectra in which the total reflected flux exceeds that seen in the continuum requires covering fractions as low as 50 or 25 per cent.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature effects in ultrasonically activated chemical reactions (1990)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 1423-1430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Other topics in acoustics ; Nonhomogeneous flows
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The temperature effects on the yield of a sonoactivated model reaction has been investigated, to establish the role played by some physical parameters in determining either the resonant conditions for ultrasonic cavitation as well as the related enhancement of reaction rate in sonochemistry. It has been found that the statical pressure at which the resonant phenomena occur increases straightly with temperature and is related to the «resonant volume» of the cavitating bubbles, at a given frequency of the ultrasounds. Comparison with our previous results confirms the possibility of driving the liquid-phase reacting system into resonant conditions, by varying the static pressure and/or the temperature, thus increasing the reaction rate and yield of the model chemical reaction chosen,i.e. the KMnO4 oxidation of indane to indan-1-one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02452109
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preferential stimulation of rabbit α globin mRNA translation by a cap-binding protein complex
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Gene Structure and Expression 783 (1984), S. 122-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4781
    Keywords: Globin mRNA ; Protein synthesis ; Translation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-4781(84)90003-4
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Humpback Whales from Mexico (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 2 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00031.x
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