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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecology and Management of Turfgrass Insects (1991)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 36 (1991), S. 383-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.36.010191.002123
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of pesticides to earthworms in Kentucky bluegrass turf (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 52 (1994), S. 176-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198485
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional quality of specific leaf tissues and selective feeding by a specialist leafminer (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1987), S. 548-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Plant-animal-interaction ; Phytomyza ; Food ; Selection ; Ilex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Many folivorous insects are selective feeders which consume specific leaf tissues. For specialist herbivores feeding on plants of overall low nutritional quality, selective feeding may allow consumption of a high quality resource. Selective feeding may also allow insects to avoid structural or allelochemical defenses. We examined the structure and chemistry of leaves of American holly, Ilexopaca Aiton, and the feeding site of its principal insect herbivore, the native holly leafminer, Phytomyza ilicicola Loew (Diptera: Agromyzidae), to test the hypothesis that the leafminer consumes tissues which are of greater nutritional quality than the leaf as a whole. Holly leaves have a continuous layer of palisade mesophyll, uninterrupted by fibers or vascular bundles. The leafminer feeds entirely within this layer. The palisade mesophyll contained 196 mg/g dry wt extractable protein, more than twice as much as the leaf as a whole, and 375 mg/g dry wt saponins, more than 9 times that of the leaf as a whole. The water content of the palisade mesophyll was 66% higher than that of the leaf as a whole. The palisade mesophyll is 3–4 cell layers thick in leaves grown in full sun, but only 2 layers thick in shaded leaves. Crystals, probably of calcium oxalate, are abundant in the abaxial cell layer. These may impose mechanical constraints on larval feeding in shade leaves, which are thinner than sun leaves. Selective feeding on the middle palisade mesophyll of sun leaves allows the leafminer to consume a resource which is lacking in mechanical barriers and is rich in protein and water, but which contains large amounts of saponins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379295
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of Euonymus scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) feeding damage and severe water stress on leaf abscission and growth of Euonymus fortunei (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1986), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Diaspididae ; Water stress ; Scale ; Abscission ; Drought
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Rooted cuttings of Euonymus fortunei were grown in a 2x2 factorial design experiment with or without euonymus scales and/or water stress. Infested plants and water stressed plants abscised leaves whereas uninfested, unstressed plants did not. There was significant interaction between scale infestation and water stress, with a synergistic effect on leaf abscission. Both scale infestation and water stress reduced the root weight, but there was no resulting change in the root/shoot ratio. Naturally infested leaves on plants growing outdoors had a higher solute potential (ψs) and a lower pressure potential (ψp) than did uninfested leaves with the same water potential (ψW). Infested leaves may therefore be more prone to wilting. However, scale-damaged leaves also have increased diffusive resistance and lowered transpiration rates, suggesting that scales impair normal function of guard cells. The possible contribution of these factors to the heightened susceptibility of infested leaves to abscission following water stress is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377318
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Winter starch reserves of white oak as a predictor of attack by the twolined chestnut borer, Agrilus bilineatus (Weber) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 74 (1987), S. 352-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Phloem borers ; Tree physiology ; Carbohydrate reserves ; Oak mortality ; Tree stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The twolined chestnut borer, Agrilus bilineatus (Weber) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), attacks oaks (Quercus spp.) and is associated with extensive mortality of trees in the eastern deciduous forests of North America. We tested the hypothesis that winter starch reserves of oak roots are an indicator of tree vigor and that only trees low in stored starch would be attacked by A. bilineatus. We measured the levels of stored starch in the roots of 200 non-infested healthy white oaks during the dormant season and determined their correlation with A. bilineatus attacks the following spring. There was a significant increase in A. bilineatus captures on sticky traps with a decrease in winter starch reserves. Trees low in stored starch that were also stressed by phloem-girdling attracted 3.7 times as many beetles as did non-girdled trees that were low in starch. However, non-girdled trees that had low winter starch reserves were also attacked. Only oaks that had had extremely low winter root starch reserves (〈5mg/g dry weight of root sapwood tissue) were heavily attacked by A. bilineatus and subsequently died. One third of non-girdled low starch trees and 67% of phloem-girdled low starch trees died, whereas none of the trees with root starch 〉5 mg/g dry wt died. These results indicate that winter starch reserves are a good predictor of A. bilineatus attack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378929
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding deterrency of alkaloids from endophyte-infected grasses to Japanese beetle grubs (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 61 (1991), S. 285-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Balansiae ; Clavicipitaceae ; fungal endophyte ; loline alkaloids ; ergot alkaloids ; peramine ; Popillia japonica N. ; host plant resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187732
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does immunization of cucumber against anthracnose byColletotrichum lagenarium affect host suitability for arthropods? (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 58 (1991), S. 83-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Induced resistance ; Tetranychus urticae ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Aphis gossypii ; Colletotrichum lagenarium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans une étude de résistance induite, l'infection basale des feuilles du concombre,Cucumis sativus L., avecColletotrichum lagenarium, le champignon de l'anthracnose, a généré une induction systémique et persistante, non seulement au même champignon, mais aussi et surtout à l'égard de douze autres. La nature non-spécifique de cette résistance a dès lors engendré une hypothèse, celle de savoir si cette non-spécificité pourrait s'entendre au niveau d'arthropodes phytophages. Cependant, nos travaux ont démontré que l'immunité vis-à-vis deC. lagenarium n'affecte ni la population de tétraniques,Tetranychus urticae Koch, élevée sur des feuilles résistantes de concombre; ni le gain pondéral, ni la durée de développement, ni le poids nymphal deSpodoptera frugiperda, ou la fertilité des aphides de melon. De ces résultats, il peut-être déduit que, au moins chez le concombre, l'induction de résistance due àC. lagenarium démeure spécifique aux champignons saprophytes, c'est à dire qu'il existe des mécanismes séparés pour la résistance, soit aux champignons, soit aux arthropodes phytophages.
    Notes: Abstract Restricted infection of a lower leaf of cucumber,Cucumis sativus L., with the anthracnose fungusColletotrichum lagenarium has been previously shown by others to induce persistent, systemic resistance to the same fungus and to at least 12 other diverse plant pathogens. The non-specificity of pathogen-induced resistance has fueled speculation that it might also affect arthropod herbivores. However, we found that immunization of cucumber withC. lagenarium had no effect on population growth of twospotted spider mites,Tetranychus urticae Koch, reared on foliage for which induced resistance to the same pathogen was confirmed. Similarly, immunization withC. lagenarium had no systemic effect on weight gain, duration of development, or pupal weight of fall armyworms, or on progeny production by melon aphids. In reciprocal tests, previous feeding injury from spider mites or fall armyworms did not induce systemic resistance toC. lagenarium. These results indicate that, at least for cucumber, pathogen-activated induced resistance is specific to plant pathogens, suggesting separate mechanisms of induced resistance to pathogens or herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163317
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attraction of male beetles to grubs: Evidence for evolution of a sex pheromone from larval odor (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1117-1124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cyclocephala lurida ; Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; sex pheromone ; chemical communication ; evolution of signals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Females of the scarabaeid beetleCyclocephala lurida produce a volatile sex pheromone which attracts conspecific males. Field experiments demonstrated that larvae of both sexes also emit volatile chemicals that stimulate similar responses in adult males, including attempts by the attracted males to mate with the nonreproductive immature stage. Significantly more adult males were caught in traps baited with conspecific male or female larvae or adult females than in blank control traps. Hexane extracts of both male and female grubs were at least as effective as live larvae in trapping male adults, demonstrating that the behavioral responses are mediated by volatile chemicals. Sensory and behavioral responses of males to sex pheromones emitted by adult females are part of the functional communication system. However, their response to grubs is not functional, because grubs are normally temporally and spatially inaccessible to mate-seeking males. In theory, the evolution of a communication system is problematic because it requires the development of a signal in one sex and the sensory and behavioral attributes to respond to that signal in the other sex. The ontogeny of sex pheromone communication inC. lurida suggests a partial solution to this evolutionary problem. We propose that this sex pheromone communication system is probably derived from noncommunicative volatile chemicals that are lost in adult males and retained by adult females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980067
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  • 9
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    Induction of hepatic synthesis of serum amyloid A protein and actin. (1981)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Invasive Japanese beetles facilitate aggregation and injury by a native scarab pest of ripening fruits (2009)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-20
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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