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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular Incorporation of lron-59 into the Root Cells of Pisum (1957)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 180 (1957), S. 653-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have shown2 that when detached pea roots are cultured in an iron-deficient medium growth stops as a result of an arrest in cell division. The cessation of division occurs abruptly, and undoubtedly coincides with a state in which the free inorganic iron content of the tissue has been reduced to a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/180653a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plastid Replication and Development in the Life Cycle of Higher Plants (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 31 (1980), S. 113-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.31.060180.000553
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The chloroplast nucleoids of the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of Zea mays (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 75 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Dimorphic chloroplasts of Zea mays L. cv. GH5004 from bundle sheath and mesophyll cells contained similar amounts of DNA, while bundle sheath chloroplasts contained twice the number of nucleoids compared to mesophyll chloroplasts. On average bundle sheath nucleoids were half the size of mesophyll nucleoids and contained half as much DNA. Electron microscope autoradiography of the chloroplasts showed that the nucleoid DNA is associated with the thylakoids and in the case of mesophyll chloroplasts preferentially with the grana. These observations suggest that the differences in nucleoid distribution may be due to differences in membrane morphology, with the small nucleoids of agranal bundle sheath chloroplasts being widely dispersed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb02055.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation of plastid types in spinach (1972)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 74 (1972), S. 345-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary During growth in the light the plastids of cultured leaf discs of spinach divide, increase in size, and differentiate in a similar manner to those in intact leaves. By contrast when l'eaf discs are grown in the dark prolamellar bodies begin to develop in partially differentiated chloroplasts within 2 hours. After 7 days growth in the dark the plastids contain many vesicles which appear to arise from swelling of thylakoids. These vesicles often contain large crystals. When dark grown discs are illuminated they regreen and fully differentiated chloroplasts are reformed. Proplastids are found in the stem apex of whole plants; these develop into the partially differentiated chloroplasts of young leaves, which divide and increase in size to form the fully differentiated chloroplasts of mature leaves. The cotyledons of dormant seeds contain proplastids; these develop into amyloplasts during germination and after exposure to white light differentiate into chloroplasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282537
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of cell age on chloroplast structure and chlorophyll in cultured spinach leaf discs (1974)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 79 (1974), S. 197-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Discs from young spinach leaves show a 50-fold increase in fresh weight and a 10-fold increase in chlorophyll over 7 days when cultured in high intensity white light (6.5 mWcm−2). In darkness the increase in fresh weight is 10-fold while chlorophyll decreases. Discs from mature spinach leaves show only a 2-fold increase in fresh weight and a marked decrease in chlorophyll content when cultured for 7 days either in light or darkness. Loss of chlorophyll in cultured discs is closely correlated with leaf and cell age and is affected positively by temperature. In cultural regimes in which there is a loss of chlorophyll from mature discs chloroplast degeneration occurs. However, degeneration of the cytoplasm does not necessarily occur at the same time as chloroplast breakdown. Chloroplast degeneration involves the loss of thylakoid membranes accompanied with a build up of osmiophilic droplets and membrane bound crystals similar in appearance to fraction I protein. In high intensity light loss of plastid structure occurs within 4 days, but in darkness much of the thylakoidal membrane system persists for as long as 7 days. Chloroplast formation occurs when discs from mature leaves are cultured in low intensity white light (0.2 mWcm−2). Chloroplast formation in these discs is associated with new cell formation and occurs in callus cells which are mainly formed at vein endings. Three different plastid types were observed in callus cells. It is suggested that chloroplast degeneration in mature leaf discs may be a consequence of these tissues not containing or having access to substances produced by either dividing or expanding cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055789
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of DNA in dividing spinach chloroplasts (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 641-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Disks of spinach leaves grown in sterile culture were used to study the distribution of DNA in dividing chloroplasts in both pulse and pulse/chase experiments. In this system chloroplast number per cell increases 5?10-fold over a 7 d culture period in the light2. There is virtually no cell division ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/251641a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progress in grapevine breeding (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 669-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Vitis vinifera ; Fungal diseases ; Asexual propagation ; Stenospermocarpic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The European, or bunch grape, Vitis vinifera, is widely grown because of its high fruit quality and its capacity to grow in a wide range of climatic conditions. However, they are susceptible to fungal diseases and insect pests, especially when grown in cool, wet climates. The aim of a number of grapevine breeding programs throughout the world is to develop new varieties resistant to diseases using complex hybrids between European and American species of Vitis. Within these breeding programs it is essential to maintain heterozygosity and desirable hybrids are multiplied by asexual propagation. New approaches to grapevine improvement include the use of protoplast fusion to overcome sexual barriers, however the routine regeneration of plantlets from protoplasts and calluses is difficult. In vitro rescue of ovules from varieties with stenospermocarpic seeds shows considerable promise for breeding new seedless grapes. Eventually the use of plant transformation techniques to insert specific pieces of DNA coding for desirable genetic characteristics will provide opportunities for equipping well known grape cultivars with new characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265585
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in chloroplast number per cell during leaf development in spinach (1969)
    Springer
    Planta 86 (1969), S. 186-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The amounts of chlorophyll and nitrogen and the numbers of cells per unit area change as the green leaves of spinach plants grow and increase in size in the light. The changes in the numbers of chloroplasts per cell were measured by a new method. A 5-fold increase in the numbers of chloroplasts per cell took place in both palisade and mesophyll cells over a growing period of 10 days during which time the area of the leaves increased from 1 to 50 cm2. Proplastids were not present in the young green leaves but electron-microscope and phase-contrast observations showed the presence of grana-containing chloroplasts, many of which appeared to be undergoing division by constriction. It is suggested that the large increase in chloroplast numbers as leaf cells grow and expand in the light is from the division of differentiated chloroplasts containing grana.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379826
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plastid-DNA levels in the different tissues of potato (1984)
    Springer
    Planta 161 (1984), S. 12-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The plastid-(pt) DNA levels in the different tissues of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), including tubers of differing ages, have been studied. The DNA could be detected as a single nucleoid in amyloplasts of cells from young potato tubers by fluorescence microscopy, following staining of glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenyl indole (DAPI). The renaturation kinetics of spinach ptDNA in the presence of total DNA from potato tissues and the fragments generated by restriction-enzyme digestion of potato-tuber DNA and chloroplast DNA indicated that the ptDNA of potato-tuber amyloplasts and of potato-leaf chloroplasts is essentially the same. Expressed as a percentage of the total DNA the level of ptDNA (5.2%) found in tubers, while less than that found in leaves (7.6%) was more than that found in petioles (3.4%), stems (3.0%) and roots (1.0%). There was a high level of both nuclear and plastid ploidy in mature potato-tuber cells and, on average, nuclei contained 32 pg of DNA (equivalent to 14C) and the 40 amyloplasts per cell contained DNA equivalent to 7800 copies of ptDNA, or 195 copies per amyloplast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00951454
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear DNA regulates the level of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase in Medicago sativa L. (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 856-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Ribulose 1,5 ; Bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase ; Small subunit ; Nuclear control of Rubisco ; Medicago
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The response to selection for leaf proteins was studied during three selection cycles. Selection for high total nitrogen content showed 75% heritability, and the levels of both ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) and cytoplasmic protein were strongly under nuclear DNA control. High and low protein content were correlated with chloroplast area. Although the amounts of nuclear DNA were similar, the ratio of Rubisco/DNA and chlorophyll/DNA changed during the selection process. It can be concluded that the levels of Rubisco achieved in mature plants of M. sativa are under nuclear DNA control. The possible involvement of small subunit (SSU) genes in controlling these levels is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289390
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