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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer assisted design of a theophylline dosing regimen in acute bronchospasm: Serum concentrations and clinical outcome (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Theophylline ; asthma ; serum concentration ; acute bronchospasm ; computer assisted dosing regimen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of intravenous theophylline on the outcome of inhospital treatment of acute bronchospasm has been assessed, comparing the results achieved by computer-assisted dosing, designed to achieve and maintain a serum theophylline level of 16 μg · ml−1 (10 patients) with those of unaided physicians (15 control patients). The outcome measures compared were clinical improvement, peak expiratory flow rate and serum theophylline concentration. Loading doses of theophylline in the control and computer groups were: 167 and 437 mg, respectively. Initial serum theophylline concentrations, measured 20 min after the loading dose, were 13.6 and 17.0 μg · ml−1 in the control and computer groups, respectively. In patients who had not received theophylline prior to admission, loading doses and initial concentrations were: 200 mg and 9.4 μg · ml−1 in the control group (n = 5) versus 613 mg and 15.7 μg · ml−1 in the computer group (n = 4), respectively. During maintenance therapy, serum theophylline concentrations were kept in the therapeutic range (10–20 μg · ml−1) throughout 51 % and 77 % of the hospitalisation period, in the control and computer groups, respectively. There were no differences between the two groups in the rate or extent of clinical improvement or in change in peak expiratory flow rate. The computer assisted theophylline dosing regimen outperformed that of the unaided physicians in achieving and maintaining therapeutic serum theophylline concentrations in acute bronchospasm. There was no correlation between clinical outcome and serum theophylline concentration, but this may have been due to the small sample size and modest difference in serum theophylline between the two groups. The findings serve as an additional argument in favour of the trend away from reliance on theophylline as first line therapy in acute bronchospasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280750
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding of Iron by Cellulose, Lignin, Sodium Phytate and Beta-Glucan, Alone and in Combination, Under Simulated Gastrointestinal pH Conditions (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 49 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cellulose (Ce), Lignin (L), Na phytate (P) and beta-glucan (G), alone, and in combination, were evaluated as to their effect on iron profiles in model systems containing FeSO4• 7H2O under simulated gastrointestinal pH conditions. Both cellulose and lignin alone, were found to bind a high percentage of the iron in an insoluble form at pH 5.7±0.4 and pH 6.6±0.1, but less at pH 2.0±0.1. However, in the presence of other model components, cellulose unlike lignin had a minimal effect on total binding at all pH levels. Na phytate, alone, formed soluble complexes at all pH levels and when added to lignin led to the solubiization of some of the iron bound to lignin. Beta-glucan formed soluble iron complexes, which appeared to have a low binding strength with iron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1984.tb12460.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding of Iron by Lignin in the Presence of Various Concentrations of Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of adding zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca), at levels from zero to the adult female RDA (15 mg for Zn, 300 mg for Mg and 800 mg for Ca), on the iron binding capacity of lignin was investigated. When Zn, Mg or Ca was added, at a concentration equivalent to the RDA, to a lignin sample containing 9 mg iron, there was an increase in percent soluble iron of 12.01%, 21.42% and 22.37%, respectively. However, when the same levels of Zn, Mg or Ca were added to lignin prior to the addition of Fe, there was a greater increase in soluble Fe of 21.12%, 28.75%, and 33.47% respectively. Such interactions have the potential to effect mineral absorption in fortified foods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb10468.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flagellar transformation in the heterokontEpipyxis pulchra (Chrysophyceae): Direct observations using image enhanced light microscopy (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 145 (1988), S. 47-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Flagella ; Flagellar apparatus ; Epipyxis ; Chrysophyceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cells ofEpipyxis pulchra possess two heteromorphic flagella that differ markedly in function, particularly during motility and prey capture. Flagellar heterogeneity is achieved during the course of at least three cell cycles. Prior to cell division, cells produce two new long, hairy flagella while the parental long flagellum is transformed into a new short, smooth flagellum. The parental short flagellum remains a short flagellum for this and subsequent cell division cycles. Although flagellar transformation requires only two cell cycles, developmental differences exist between daughter cells and the maturation of a flagellum/basal body requires at least three cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01323255
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  • 5
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    Development of a common (European) tool to assess earthquake risk communication (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: This paper reports work on an on-going EC project called KnowRISK aimed at reducing the seismic risk from non-structural elements in buildings. Specifically it reports work on the development of a European tool to assess the effectiveness of risk communication interventions and awareness raising training with middle and high school children in case study areas in Portugal, Italy and Iceland. It describes the difficulties research teams faced in agreeing a theoretical framework and in devising the survey tool. Although they all agreed it was essential to have a common survey if the findings from the research were to be compared across the three countries, one year into the two-year project two of the teams were moving in different directions. This was significant since some of the pre-intervention surveys had already been conducted. Both theoretical frameworks had merit and each of the questionnaires were capable of assessing the efficacy of the training. However, they were in no way comparable. Finally the paper details how these difficulties were resolved and a common questionnaire was devised that embodied virtues from both surveys. This was then applied in all three countries to provide comparable data, the findings from which will be reported elsewhere.
    Description: Published
    Description: Reykjavik, Iceland
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Keywords: non-structural earthquake risk ; risk communication ; assessment tool ; children’s attitudes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 6
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    Crocodile hybridization Belize (2015)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-01
    Description: The genus Crocodylus comprises 12 currently recognized species, many of which can be difficult to differentiate phenotypically. Interspecific hybridization among crocodiles is known to occur in captivity and has been documented between some species in the wild. The identification of hybrid individuals is of importance for management and monitoring of crocodilians, many of which are Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) listed. In this study, both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers were evaluated for their use in confirming a suspected hybrid zone between American crocodile ( Crocodylus acutus ) and Morelet’s crocodile ( Crocodylus moreletii ) populations in southern Belize where individuals and nests exhibiting atypical phenotypic features had previously been observed. Patterns observed in both phenotypic and molecular data indicate possible behavioural and ecological characteristics associated with hybridization events. The results of the combined analyses found that the majority of suspected hybrid samples represent crosses between female C. acutus and male C. moreletii . Phenotypic data could statistically identify hybrids, although morphological overlap between hybrids and C. moreletii reduced reliability of identification based solely on field characters. Ecologically, C. acutus was exclusively found in saline waters, whereas hybrids and C. moreletii were largely absent in these conditions. A hypothesized correlation between unidirectional hybridization and destruction of C. acutus breeding habitats warrants additional research.
    Keywords: genetics, ecology, behaviour
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 7
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    Constraints on oceanic methane emissions west of Svalbard from atmospheric in situ measurements and Lagrangian transport modeling (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-17
    Description: Methane stored in seabed reservoirs such as methane hydrates can reach the atmosphere in the form of bubbles or dissolved in water. Hydrates could destabilize with rising temperature further increasing greenhouse gas emissions in a warming climate. To assess the impact of oceanic emissions from the area west of Svalbard, where methane hydrates are abundant, we used measurements collected with a research aircraft (FAAM) and a ship (Helmer Hansen) during the Summer 2014, and for Zeppelin Observatory for the full year. We present a model-supported analysis of the atmospheric CH 4 mixing ratios measured by the different platforms. To address uncertainty about where CH 4 emissions actually occur, we explored three scenarios: areas with known seeps, a hydrate stability model and an ocean depth criterion. We then used a budget analysis and a Lagrangian particle dispersion model to compare measurements taken upwind and downwind of the potential CH 4 emission areas. We found small differences between the CH 4 mixing ratios measured upwind and downwind of the potential emission areas during the campaign. By taking into account measurement and sampling uncertainties and by determining the sensitivity of the measured mixing ratios to potential oceanic emissions, we provide upper limits for the CH 4 fluxes. The CH 4 flux during the campaign was small, with an upper limit of 2.5 nmol m -2 s -1 in the stability model scenario. The Zeppelin Observatory data for 2014 suggests CH 4 fluxes from the Svalbard continental platform below 0.2 Tg yr -1 . All estimates are in the lower range of values previously reported.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Predictors and immunological correlates of sublethal mercury exposure in vampire bats (2017)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-20
    Description: Mercury (Hg) is a pervasive heavy metal that often enters the environment from anthropogenic sources such as gold mining and agriculture. Chronic exposure to Hg can impair immune function, reducing the ability of animals to resist or recover from infections. How Hg influences immunity and susceptibility remains unknown for bats, which appear immunologically distinct from other mammals and are reservoir hosts of many pathogens of importance to human and animal health. We here quantify total Hg (THg) in hair collected from common vampire bats ( Desmodus rotundus ), which feed on blood and are the main reservoir hosts of rabies virus in Latin America. We examine how diet, sampling site and year, and bat demography influence THg and test the consequences of this variation for eight immune measures. In two populations from Belize, THg concentrations in bats were best explained by an interaction between long-term diet inferred from stable isotopes and year. Bats that foraged more consistently on domestic animals exhibited higher THg. However, relationships between diet and THg were evident only in 2015 but not in 2014, which could reflect recent environmental perturbations associated with agriculture. THg concentrations were low relative to values previously observed in other bat species but still correlated with bat immunity. Bats with higher THg had more neutrophils, weaker bacterial killing ability and impaired innate immunity. These patterns suggest that temporal variation in Hg exposure may impair bat innate immunity and increase susceptibility to pathogens such as bacteria. Unexpected associations between low-level Hg exposure and immune function underscore the need to better understand the environmental sources of Hg exposure in bats and the consequences for bat immunity and susceptibility.
    Keywords: immunology, ecology, health and disease and epidemiology
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 9
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    Computer assisted design of a theophylline dosing regimen in acute bronchospasm: Serum concentrations and clinical outcome (1992)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-6970
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1041
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Facility for fast neutron irradiation tests of electronics at the ISIS spallation neutron source (2008)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-17
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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