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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ION Transport into the Xylem (1977)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 28 (1977), S. 71-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.28.060177.000443
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of hydraulic conductivity of barley roots during inhibition of ion transport by azetidine 2-carboxylic acid (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 3 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Azetidine 2-carboxylic acid inhibits ion release to the xylem and exudation from excised barley roots. This inhibition is not accompanied by reduction in hydraulic conductivity showing that the action of azetidine 2-carboxylic acid is on ion movement across the root to the xylem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11580560
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between sap flow and water potential in woody or perennial plants on islands of the Great Barrier Reef (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 4 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. This paper describes studies on trees of Pisonia grandis, bushes of Argusia argentea, and the perennial herb Melanthera biflora, growing on One Tree Island, a coral cay of the Great Barrier Reef with ‘soil’ of coarse coral rubble. Water potential (Ψb, measured on small shoots with a pressure chamber), sap flow, stomatal conductance, vapour pressure deficit and photon flux density were monitored over day/night cycles. Sap flow and Ψb responded to changes in light and humidity. From these experiments good linear correlations were found between sap flow in a shoot and Ψb of similar adjacent shoots. The linearity suggests that the resistance to sap flow is constant as Ψb varies. The correlation, however, does not indicate a causal relationship between Ψb of an individual shoot on the plant and its sap flow. Ψb was only slightly different in shaded shoots from those in sunshine, although sap flow would be expected to differ between them. Enclosing shoots and so reducing their transpiration and sap flow to very low rates resulted in only small changes in Ψb of the enclosed shoots; Tb of such enclosed shoots should closely approximate that of the xylem at the point of shoot attachment. From these results it is suggested that the resistance to water flow in shoot and leaf xylem is small compared to the resistance further down the plant, in the root or at the root/soil interface. Shoot xylem water potential would be similar for all parts of the plant, and in such plants the water potential of shoots in the shade would be determined by the overall water use of the plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11604561
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water and solute flow through mung bean roots under applied pressure (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 61 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The technique of applying hydrostatic pressure on the root medium to study water and solute flows through excised plant roots and to study various characteristics of roots in relation to flow has been used by many workers but flows in excised roots have not been compared with those in intact transpiring plants. In the present study this comparison has been made using mung bean roots. Results show that excised roots under pressure lack the ion selectivity which is observed in intact plant roots and conduct salt many times higher than salt flows through intact plant roots. The role of stem resistance in the rates of water and salt flow through roots has been discussed. The suitability of this technique for solute flow studies through mung bean roots is questioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1984.tb05907.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are developing xylem vessels the site of ion exudation from root to shoot? (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 1 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes experiments to test the suggestion that developing xylem vessels are the site of exudation of ions from the root to the shoot. Electron microscopy is used to define the stage of development of xylem vessels in young barley roots along the length of the root. The amino acid analogue p-fluorophenyl-alanine (FPA) is used to inhibit ion transport from the stele to the xylem vessels at varied distances from the apex. In the presence of FPA protein synthesis is not inhibited but ineffective proteins are formed. It is shown that exudation of Cl− from the root can be inhibited in this way in parts of the root where all the xylem vessels are mature. This is in contradiction to the suggestion that root exudation is due to the activity of developing vessels. The hypothesis is thus strengthened that ion transport proceeds into the xylem vessels, which are fully mature and devoid of cytoplasm, and is due to release from the xylem parenchyma cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1978.tb00764.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conflicting Measurements of Sodium and Potassium Uptake by Barley Roots (1967)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 216 (1967), S. 1343-1344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Some published data show that in 10 mmolar chloride solutions there is little or no selectivity between sodium and potassium. Jackson and Stieff1 found that uptake from (5 mmolar potassium chloride + 5 mmolar sodium chloride) favoured sodium, but Epstein2'3, using solution containing additional ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2161343a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between permeability to potassium and sodium ions and fusicoccin-stimulated hydrogen-ion efflux in barley roots (1975)
    Springer
    Planta 126 (1975), S. 61-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Measurements are described of fusicoccin (FC)-stimulated H+ efflux in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) roots when K+ and Na+ concentrations were varied. In low-salt roots H+ efflux was stimulated in both 5 mM KCl and NaCl. In salt-saturated roots H+ efflux was stimulated more effectively in KCl than in NaCl solution. The stimulation of H+ efflux thus is parallel with the selectivity of these different root preparations for K+ and Na+ and with estimates of permeability ratios (P Na/P K) determined from electrical measurements. It is suggested that the results support electrogenic coupling between FC-stimulated H+ efflux and cation uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389360
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of external pH, fusicoccin and butyrate on the cytoplasmic pH in barley root tips measured by 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 166 (1985), S. 341-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Butyrate ; Cytoplasmic pH ; Fusicoccin ; Hordeum (cytoplasmic pH) ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Root (cytoplasmic pH)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 31P-Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the cytoplasmic pH (pHc) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) root tips. As the external pH was raised from 4–10, pHc was found to increase from 7.44 to 7.75. The sensitivity of pHc to changes in external pH decreased with increasing external pH. Metabolic inhibition by sodium azide caused pHc to fall by 0.3 units. Addition of 10 mM butyrate resulted in a gradual decline in pHc, by approx. 0.3 units over 90 min. At a concentration of 1 mM, butyrate had no effect on pHc even after 2 h. Fusicoccin caused pHc to rise by 0.1–0.2 units. In maize (Zea mays L.) root tips, pHc was shown to have a similar sensitivity to fusicoccin. The results are discussed in relation to the regulation of pHc and the possible role of pHc in determining transmembrane electrical potential differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401171
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of xylem parenchyma cells of barley roots in relation to ion transport to the xylem (1974)
    Springer
    Planta 119 (1974), S. 85-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The structure of xylem parenchyma cells is examined in relation to transport of ions through the root. Measurement of uptake of 86Rb+ and its transport through the root at different distances from the apex show that this is a general activity along the length of the root and not confined to a limited region. Thus transport through the root is not stopped by removal of that part of the root tip containing metaxylem vessels with living contents. The structure of xylem parenchyma appears to be suitable for involvement in ion transport from the stele to the xylem. At 1 cm behind the tip, where metaxylem vessels have no living contents but ion uptake and transport are going on at high rates, xylem parenchyma cells are rich in cytoplasm with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and well-developed mitochondria. Their cell walls contain numerous plasmodesmata, establishing the possibility of a symplastic pathway across the stele up to the vessels. The results are discussed in relation to regulation of ion transport to the xylem vessels in roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390883
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of ion uptake to barley roots by cycloheximide (1976)
    Springer
    Planta 128 (1976), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cycloheximide was shown to inhibit the transport of ions into the xylem of “salt-saturated” barley roots (Hordeum vulgare cv cape), and incorporation of L-[1-14C] leucine into protein within 40–60 min. Water flow across the roots of whole seedlings was not altered for at least 180 min. Uptake of ions into the cells of “salt-saturated” roots was not affected for 120 min, but was inhibited when treated with cycloheximide for more than 120 min. H+ efflux from “lowsalt” roots was inhibited by cycloheximide at about the same time as ion uptake. Measurement of ATP levels and O2uptake indicated that cycloheximide was not acting as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. The present data are considered to support the view that secretion of ions into the xylem vessels involves a specific protein with a short effective half-life, and is a separate process from active uptake into the cortical cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397176
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