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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density rescaling procedure for Monte Carlo simulations of electron transport (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 1403-1405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A practical difficulty in Monte Carlo simulations of electron transport occurs when the electron number density changes significantly over the time or length scale of the simulation. In this letter, we present a simple scaling procedure to resolve this difficulty that is easy to implement and that is exact for linear collision operators. A simulation of electron transport in nitrogen at high electric field strength is included to illustrate this rescaling procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100680
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current pulses in dc glow discharges in electronegative gas mixtures (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 774-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Regular oscillations in the current are predicted in low-pressure, planar discharges under certain conditions in electronegative gas mixtures in which the attachment rate coefficient is large at low values of E/P, the ratio of the electric-field strength to the gas pressure. The frequency of the oscillations is about 10 kHz, and depending on the conditions of pressure, gap spacing, and applied voltage, the current wave form varies from a near-sinusoidal shape to regularly repeating and well-separated spikes with a peak current density on the order of or less than 1 mA/cm2. The instability which gives rise to these oscillations is due to attachment, and the oscillations result from alternate phases of space charge buildup and decay. Thus, the current oscillations predicted here in planar discharges are analogous to Trichel pulses, periodic current spikes which are observed in negative point-plane corona discharges in electronegative gases. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360766
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-beam generation during the hollow cathode phase of pseudospark discharges (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 7227-7230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: From calculations using a two-dimensional, hybrid fluid-particle model, the mechanism for the production of the high-current electron beam observed during the hollow cathode phase of pseudospark discharges is identified. The predicted beam properties are in good qualitative agreement with experiments; the onset of the beam current is abrupt and the current in the beam is some 10%–30% of the discharge current. Two distinct components appear in the energy spectrum of the beam. A sizable fraction of the current is carried by electrons with an energy corresponding to the voltage applied to the discharge. A distinct low-energy beam is also predicted with a spread in energy of several 100s of eV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356679
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The physics of ion impact cathode heating (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 6534-6537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The heating of a metal surface by ion impact is described by a coupled electron and phonon model that follows from recent research on femtosecond laser heating of metals. The conduction electrons of the metal are directly heated to very high temperature by the impinging ion and then on a longer time scale transfer their energy to the lattice. This results in very efficient heating of the lattice. These processes are described by coupled partial differential equations for the electron and lattice temperatures. The results from three-dimensional numerical solutions of these equations are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cathode sheath formation in a discharge-sustained XeCl laser (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1553-1567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A one-dimensional longitudinal model of a XeCl discharge including the cathode region, the plasma, and the external circuit has been used for conditions close to experiments for 50–100 ns laser pulse durations and electron power deposition in the MW/cm3 range in a 300 cm3 chamber. This model provides the space and time variations of the electric field, electron and positive-ion densities in the cathode region, as well as the time variations of the charged-particle densities and excited species concentrations in the plasma obtained with a simplified kinetic model. Results show that under normal conditions of operation the cathode electric field can reach values as high as several 106 V/cm. The influence of photoemission and secondary emission due to ion impact on the cathode is discussed. A transition from capacitive to resistive behavior of the sheath is seen to occur rapidly due to the multiplication of cathode-emitted electrons in the large sheath electric field, leading to a fast increase in the ion conduction current in this region. The possible mechanisms of streamer formation in the sheath are also discussed. Results are presented for different values of the secondary electron emission coefficient due to ion impact from the cathode and it is shown that under conditions of low secondary emission (on the order of 10−2 or less), the electrical and chemical behavior of the plasma can be strongly affected by the presence of the sheath. Finally, the possibility of discharge instabilities related to the sheath evolution is briefly discussed on the basis of the numerical results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354856
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triggered breakdown in low-pressure hollow cathode (pseudospark) discharges (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 77-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Triggered breakdown in hollow cathode discharges in geometries similar to those used for pseudospark switches and pseudospark pulsed electron beams has been investigated experimentally and with a two-dimensional model previously developed. A systematic study of the influence of the discharge conditions (applied voltage and pressure), geometry, and trigger conditions (trigger intensity and position) on the time to breakdown in helium is presented, and some data are also shown for argon. Excellent qualitative agreement is found between the model predictions and the experimental results. The relation between the time to breakdown and the geometrical distribution of injected charge is discussed, and the understanding gained from these model results is used to suggest guidelines for trigger optimization. Conditions wherein significant oscillations in the current—a "current quenching'' effect—are observed in the prebreakdown current wave form are discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360584
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical formulation of ionization source term for discharge models in argon, helium, nitrogen, and silane (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 4533-4537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Simple analytical representations of the ionization source terms in argon, helium, nitrogen, and silane dc glow discharges for steady-state and quasisteady-state conditions are presented. These analytical forms express well the highly nonequilibrium nature of the ionization in the cathode fall and negative glow regions which cannot be described by a Townsend ionization coefficient depending on the local value of the reduced electric field. These source terms can be easily incorporated into fluid models of gas discharges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculated gas temperature profiles in argon glow discharges (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 2234-2239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We use a previously developed model for the electrical properties of glow discharges, coupled to a Monte Carlo simulation of the heavy particles (ions and fast neutrals) in the cathode sheath region, to calculate the gas heating source term in glow discharges in argon with planar electrodes. The gas temperature profile is calculated from the one-dimensional heat transport equation, and we report results for discharge current densities up to 4 mA/cm2 for a value of pd (product of the gas pressure and gap spacing) of 1.5 Torr cm. The gas temperature peaks at a position slightly inside the cathode sheath, and at the highest current density reported here the gas temperature reaches 354 K. A large fraction of the energy gained by the ions in the sheath is transported directly to the cathode (mostly through fast neutrals), and the fractional ion energy converted to thermal motion of the gas decreases with increasing current density. We report some results to show the dependence of the gas temperature on the thermal accommodation coefficient. For a constant current, the calculated discharge voltage is somewhat higher when gas heating is taken into account. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1288171
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of anisotropy in the elastic scattering cross sections on the ionization source terms in glow discharges in argon (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 4780-4785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The main purpose of this work is to evaluate, using a Monte Carlo simulation, the extent to which anisotropy in the elastic electron-neutral scattering cross sections influences the spatial distribution of the electron-impact ionization profile in glow discharges in argon. We also briefly discuss the effect of anisotropic elastic scattering on the slowing down of an electron beam and on the transmission factor, the fraction of electrons emitted from the cathode that are not scattered back to the cathode. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using different functional forms for the anisotropy. We show that, for a given momentum transfer cross section and the assumption of isotropic scattering, the ionization profiles over a range of conditions in argon glow discharges in parallel plane electrode geometries are not significantly affected by the inclusion of higher order anisotropies in the elastic cross sections. The anisotropy in the elastic scattering cross section influences only slightly the electron transmission factor for low, uniform electric fields. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371443
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron swarm behavior in nonuniform fields in nitrogen (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 2146-2151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The transport of electrons through a background nitrogen gas under the influence of a spatially varying electric field is studied through a Monte Carlo simulation. Nonhydrodynamic effects, i.e., a nonlocal dependence of the electron transport and rate coefficients on the ratio of the field strength to the neutral density, E/N, are observed. For example, the high-energy tail of the electron-energy distribution function is sluggish in responding to the spatially varying field, and hence the ionization coefficient lags the local field value. In addition, the spatially dependent vibrational-excitation-rate coefficient goes well beyond the range of values found in hydrodynamic calculations. The results are discussed in terms of recent formulations of nonhydrodynamic transport theory and are contrasted with previous results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337973
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