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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Solid-State Potentiostat. (1962)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 34 (1962), S. 1036-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60188a050
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of large-area plasmas by electron beams : The 39th annual meeting of division of plasma physics of APS (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 2137-2143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An analysis is presented for the production of weakly ionized plasmas by electron beams, with an emphasis on the production of broad, planar plasmas capable of reflecting X-band microwaves. Considered first in the analysis is the ability of weakly ionized plasmas to absorb, emit and reflect electromagnetic radiation. Following that is a determination of the electron beam parameters needed to produce plasmas, based on considerations of beam ionization, range, and stability. The results of the analysis are then compared with a series of experiments performed using a sheet electron beam to produce plasmas up to 0.6 m square by 2 cm thick. The electron beam in the experiments was generated using a long hollow-cathode discharge operating in an enhanced-glow mode. That mode has only recently been recognized, and a brief analysis of it is given for completeness. The conclusion of the study is that electron beams can produce large-area, planar plasmas with high efficiency, minimal gas heating, low electron temperature, high uniformity, and high microwave reflectivity, as compared with plasmas produced by other sources. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872886
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental investigations of the formation of a plasma mirror for high-frequency microwave beam steering (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2532-2538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been studying the use of a magnetically confined plasma sheet as a reflector for high-frequency (X-band) microwaves for broadband radar applications [IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-19, 1228 (1991)]. A planar sheet plasma (50 cm×60 cm×1 cm) is produced using a 2–10 kV fast rise time square wave voltage source and a linear hollow cathode. Reproducible plasma distributions with density ≥1.2×1012 cm−3 have been formed in a low-pressure (100–500 mTorr of air) chamber located inside of a 100–300 G uniform magnetic field. One to ten pulse bursts of 20–1000 μs duration plasma sheets have been produced with pulse repetition frequencies of up to 10 kHz. Turn on and off times of the plasma are less than 10 μs each. The far-field antenna pattern of microwaves reflected off the plasma sheet is similar to that from a metal plate at the same location [IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci PS-20, 1036 (1992)]. Interferometer measurements show the critical surface to remain nearly stationary during the current pulse. Plasma density measurements and optical emissions indicate that the plasma is produced by a flux of energetic electrons formed near the hollow cathode. The sheet appears to be stable to driver voltage and current fluctuations (NRL Memorandum Report No. 7461, 28 March 1994, NTIS Document No. AD-A278758). © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871215
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron beam tracking in a preformed density channel (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 3407-3417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-current charged particle beams can be guided by reduced density channels. Such guiding occurs when the distribution of plasma currents in the density channel causes a net attractive force to be exerted on the beam. In particular, a relativistic electron beam (REB) injected parallel to a spatially offset, reduced density channel is pulled toward the channel. The force exerted on the beam is predicted to increase as the beam current increases and as the offset between the beam and the channel increases out to offsets equal to the channel radius. An experiment with a 1 MV, ≈10 kA beam was performed that demonstrates this effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860396
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of an intense relativistic electron beam with preformed channels (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 30 (1987), S. 232-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interaction of an intense relativistic electron beam (REB) with preformed channels in gaseous atmospheres has been analyzed in order to delineate the effects of reduced density, avalanche ionization, preexisting conductivity, and channel currents. The REB for these experiments was produced from a field emission diode driven by the (approximate)1.4 MV pulse from a pulse forming line. Relativistic electron beam currents up to (approximate)16 kA with current densities up to (approximate)2 kA/cm2 were achieved and the REB current was approximately a half sine wave of width 27 nsec (FWHM). Preformed channels in the atmosphere were created using laser-guided electric discharges. Current-carrying reduced density channels were produced by applying a second discharge to the reduced density channel produced by the first discharge. Reduced density (≤ρ0/80), nonconducting channels were produced by the absorption of radiation from a pulsed CO2 laser in ammonia gas at background pressures of (approximate)40 Torr (ρ0/20). The results show that reduced density had little effect on REB propagation except for a decrease in scattering until the density within the channel had been reduced to such a low level that the dominant mechanism by which conductivity is generated shifted from direct collisional ionization to avalanche ionization. Avalanche ionization in a uniform atmosphere increases the growth of REB instabilities but when it is limited to the reduced density channel region the REB was always repelled or expelled from the channel. Preexisting channel conductivity (σ≥0.1 S/m) also caused the REB to be repelled or expelled from the channel. The presence of a parallel channel current permitted the REB to be readily injected into the channel and guided along it with minimal losses. All of these effects and the thresholds at which they occurred are consistent with the present understanding of the interaction of intense REB's with gaseous atmospheres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866174
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Channel cooling by turbulent convective mixing (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 28 (1985), S. 2357-2364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Results from a series of experiments are described which show that hot, reduced-density channels in the atmosphere usually cool by a process of turbulent convective mixing. Five different types of channels were created: (a) by the interaction of a pulsed CO2 laser with aerosols in the atmosphere, (b) by electric discharges in the atmosphere, (c) by laser-guided electric discharges in the atmosphere, and (d) and (e) by the absorption of CO2 laser radiation in nitrogen doped with sulfur hexafluoride. For channels in which the energy deposition was almost cylindrically symmetric and axially uniform, (e), the rate of cooling, after reaching pressure equilibrium, was within an order of magnitude of thermal conduction. But for channels in which the energy deposition was asymmetric and/or axially nonuniform, the rate of cooling was typically one thousand times faster than thermal conduction (for channels whose radius at pressure equilibrium was ∼1 cm). These channels were seen to be turbulent and to cool by mixing cold surrounding air into the hot channel. Such turbulence has been explained by Picone and Boris [Phys. Fluids 26, 365 (1983)] in terms of a residual vorticity that is caused by the noncylindrical energy deposition. A simple empirical formula is deduced relating the rate of cooling (growth of channel envelope) to the radius of the channel at pressure equilibrium and to the ambient sound speed, which indicates that the effect of vorticity/turbulence saturates for variations in the energy deposition of greater than about 2 to 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865294
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A segmented concentric Faraday cup for measurement of time-dependent relativistic electron beam profiles (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 2895-2903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A multi-element segmented concentric Faraday collector has been developed for measuring the time evolution of the beam half-current radius (a1/2) of an intense relativistic electron beam. Each collector segment measures the total current within its radius. The data analysis procedure fits the data from all five segments at a given time to a prescribed beam profile and calculates a1/2 from the parameters of the fitted curves. The effect of beam centroid offsets on the data analysis was investigated numerically. Beam centroid offsets as large as half the beam radius produce only a 10% error in the experimental measurement of a1/2. The use of a thin graphite overlayer followed by range-thick stainless steel reduces scattering from one collector element to the next. The instrument has been used extensively on the SuperIBEX relativistic electron beam accelerator for measurement of the half-current radius as a function of time. Radius variations in excess of 4:1 have been measured over the duration of the beam pulse for beams with 5-MeV energy, 20-kA peak current and 1-cm final half-current radii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142178
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A compact, four-way image splitter (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 762-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A compact, four-way, optical image splitter is described which maintains equal intensity and equal optical path length in each arm of the apparatus. The four output beams are parallel with the input light beam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145101
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  • 9
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    A compact, four‐way image splitter (1994)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 10
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    Fast passive integrator (1984)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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