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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic dissection of cotton physiological responses to arid conditions and their inter-relationships with productivity (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Testing of the extent to which different complex traits share common genetic control provides a means to distinguish associations that are truly diagnostic of genetic potential for improved adaptation to abiotic stress, from incidental phenotypic correlations. In two generations of progeny from a cross between Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was used to evaluate correspondence in genetic control of selected physiological measures and productivity under water-limited and well-watered environments, respectively. A total of 33 QTLs were detected for five physiological variables [osmotic potential (OP), carbon isotope ratio (δ13C; indicator of water use efficiency), canopy temperature, chlorophyll a and b], and 46 QTLs for five measures of crop productivity [dry matter, seed cotton yield (SC), harvest index, boll weight, and boll number]. QTL likelihood intervals for high SC and low OP corresponded in three genomic regions, two of which mapped to homoeologous locations on the two subgenomes of tetraploid cotton. QTLs for δ13C showed only incidental association with productivity, indicating that high water use efficiency can be associated with either high or low productivity. Different cotton species have evolved different alleles related to physiological responses and productivity under water deficit, which may permit the development of genotypes that are better-adapted to arid conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2003.01134.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of 14 different putative protein kinase cDNA clones of the C4 plantSorghum bicolor (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 259 (1998), S. 115-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words C4 photosynthesis ; Mesophyll specific ; Protein kinase ; Signal transduction ; Sorghum bicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract C4 photosynthesis is functionally dependent on metabolic interactions between mesophyll- and bundle-sheath cells. Although the C4 cycle is biochemically well understood, many aspects of the regulation of enzyme activities, gene expression and cell differentiation are elusive. Protein kinases are likely involved in these regulatory processes, providing links to hormonal, metabolic and developmental signal-transduction pathways. Here we describe the cloning and characterization of 14 different putative protein kinase leaf cDNA clones from the C4 plant Sorghum bicolor. These genes belong to three different protein kinase subfamilies: ribosomal protein S6 kinases, SNF1-like protein kinases, and receptor-like protein kinases. We report the partial cDNA sequences, mesophyll/bundle-sheath steady-state mRNA ratios, mesophyll/etiolated leaf steady-state mRNA ratios, and the positions of 14 protein kinase genes on the genetic map of S. bicolor. Only three of the protein kinase genes described here are expressed preferentially in mesophyll cells as compared with the bundle-sheath.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050795
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A “defeated” rice resistance gene acts as a QTL against a virulent strain of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 261 (1999), S. 58-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsOryza sativa L. ; Gene mapping ; Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) ; Host-pathogen co-evolution ; Stabilizing selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic components responsible for qualitative and quantitative resistance of rice plants to three strains (CR4, CXO8, and CR6) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) were investigated using a set of 315 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross Lemont (japonica) × Teqing (indica) and a complete linkage map with 182 well distributed RFLP markers. We mapped a major gene (Xa4) and ten quantitative trait loci (QTLs) which were largely responsible for segregation of the resistance phenotype in the RILs. The Teqing allele at the Xa4 locus, Xa4 T , acted as a dominant resistance gene against CR4 and CXO8. The breakdown of Xa4 T -associated resistance mediated by the mutant allele at the avrXa4 locus in the virulent strain CR6 results from significant changes in both gene action (lose of dominance) and the magnitude of gene effect (≈50% reduction). Nevertheless, Xa4 T still acted as a recessive QTL with a significant residual effect against CR6. The mutant alleles at the avrXa4 locus in CXO8 and CR6 that lead to a reduction in effect, or “breakdown”, of Xa4 T were apparently accompanied by corresponding penalties for their fitness. The quantitative component of resistance to Xoo in the RILs was largely due to a number of resistance QTLs. Most resistance QTLs mapped to genomic locations where major resistance genes and/or QTLs for resistance to Xoo, blast and sheath blight were identified in the same cross. Most QTLs showed consistent levels of resistance against all three Xoo strains. Our results suggest that a high level of durable resistance to Xoo may be achieved by the cumulative effects of multiple QTLs, including the residual effects of “defeated” major resistance genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050941
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RFLP Mapping in Plant Breeding: New Tools for an Old Science (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 7 (1989), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Breeders have traditionally improved plant varieties by selecting on the basis of phenotype. Now restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linkage maps are being constructed for most major crop plants and these maps provide a more direct method for selecting desirable genes via their linkage ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0389-257
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of DNA pooling strategies for mapping of QTLs (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 355-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: DNA pools ; Bulk segregant analysis ; RFLPs ; RAPDs ; QTL mapping ; Genetic mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis of “DNA pools” from segregating populations is an efficient strategy for identifying DNA markers closely linked to genes or genomic regions of interest. To-date, DNA pooling based solely upon phenotypic information, or “bulked segregant analysis”, has been employed only in the analysis of simply-inherited traits. We have assessed the utility of phenotype-based DNA pools for “tagging” (e.g., identifying DNA markers closely-linked to) quantitative trait loci (QTLs), segregating in the presence of other such loci, and expressing phenotypes which are influenced by the environment. Theoretical estimates suggest that QTL alleles with phenotypic effects of 0.75–1.0 standard deviations (SD), or larger, should be detectable in back-cross (BC), F2 and recombinant inbred (RI) or doubled haploid (DH) populations of manageable size (100–200 plants/lines). However, post hoc analysis of three data sets, used in QTL mapping of tomato and rice, indicate that the majority of QTLs identified had allele effects of less than 0.75 SD, and thus could not be easily tagged in DNA pools. Segregation distortion can have a large effect on the allelic composition of DNA pools, necessitating the use of more individuals in the pools to minimize false positive and false negative results. In general, we suggest that use of phenotype-based DNA pools might be successful in tagging QTLs of very large effect, but is unlikely to permit comprehensive identification of the majority of QTLs affecting a complex trait. DNA pools constructed from a priori information should, however, be useful in identifying new DNA markers for regions of the genome known to contain QTLs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223645
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of Gossypium hirsutum chromatin in G. barbadense germ plasm: molecular analysis of introgressive plant breeding (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 1153-1161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cotton ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) ; Genetic diversity ; DNA fingerprinting ; Fiber quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cotton is unusual among major crop plants in that two cross-fertile species are widely cultivated for a common economic product, fiber. Both historical evidence and classical genetic studies suggest that many improved forms of Gossypium barbadense (“Sea Island”, “Egyptian”, and “Pima” cottons) may include chromatin derived from G. hirsutum. Using 106 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci well distributed across the cotton genome, we revealed the amount and genomic distribution of G. hirsutum chromatin in 54 G. barbadense collections from around the world. The average G. barbadense collection was comprised of 8.9% alleles apparently derived from G. hirsutum. Pima cultivars (7.3 %) had fewer G. hirsutum alleles than Sea Island (9.0%) or Egyptian (9.6%) cultivars. G. hirsutum alleles were not randomly distributed, as 57.5% of the total introgression observed was accounted for by five specific chromosomal regions that span less than 10% of the genome. The average length of an introgressed chromosome segment was ⩾ 12.9 cM. Overlap of introgressed chromatin in different breeding programs hints that retention of these G. hirsutum chromosomal segments may impart a selective advantage to G. barbadense genotypes. Although cluster analysis generally grouped germ plasm from common classes and/or breeding programs together, no 2 genotypes were identical — thus differences in the length and repertoire of introgressed chromosome segments also permit DNA fingerprinting of G. barbadense cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223934
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A detailed RFLP map of Sorghum bicolor x S. propinquum, suitable for high-density mapping, suggests ancestral duplication of Sorghum chromosomes or chromosomal segments (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1994), S. 925-933 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: S. halepense ; Comparative genetic mapping ; Maize ; RAPD ; Marker-assisted selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The first “complete” genetic linkage map of Sorghum section Sorghum is described, comprised of ten linkage groups putatively corresponding to the ten gametic chromosomes of S. bicolor and S. propinquum. The map includes 276 RFLP loci, predominately detected by PstI-digested S. bicolor genomic probes, segregating in 56 F2 progeny of a cross between S. bicolor and S. propinquum. Although prior cytological evidence suggests that the genomes of these species are largely homosequential, a high level of molecular divergence is evidenced by the abundant RFLP and RAPD polymorphisms, the marked deviations from Mendelian segregation in many regions of the genome, and several species-specific DNA probes. The remarkable level of DNA polymorphism between these species will facilitate development of a high-density genetic map. Further, the high level of DNA polymorphism permitted mapping of multiple loci for 21 (8.2%) DNA probes. Linkage relationships among eight (38%) of these probes suggest ancestral duplication of three genomic regions. Mapping of 13 maize genomic clones in this cross was consistent with prior results. Mapping of heterologous cDNAs from rice and oat suggests that it may be feasible to extend comparative mapping to these distantly-related species, and to ultimately generate a detailed description of chromosome rearrangements among cultivated Gramineae. Limited investigation of a small number of RFLPs showed several alleles common to S. bicolor and S. Halepense (“johnson-grass”), but few alleles common to S. propinquum and S. halepense, raising questions about the origin of S. halepense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225786
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping QTLs with epistatic effects and QTL×environment interactions by mixed linear model approaches (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 1255-1264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words QTL mapping method ; Epistasis ; QTL×environment interaction ; Mixed linear model ; Monte Carlo simulations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A new methodology based on mixed linear models was developed for mapping QTLs with digenic epistasis and QTL×environment (QE) interactions. Reliable estimates of QTL main effects (additive and epistasis effects) can be obtained by the maximum-likelihood estimation method, while QE interaction effects (additive×environment interaction and epistasis×environment interaction) can be predicted by the-best-linear-unbiased-prediction (BLUP) method. Likelihood ratio and t statistics were combined for testing hypotheses about QTL effects and QE interactions. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted for evaluating the unbiasedness, accuracy, and power for parameter estimation in QTL mapping. The results indicated that the mixed-model approaches could provide unbiased estimates for both positions and effects of QTLs, as well as unbiased predicted values for QE interactions. Additionally, the mixed-model approaches also showed high accuracy and power in mapping QTLs with epistatic effects and QE interactions. Based on the models and the methodology, a computer software program (QTLMapper version 1.0) was developed, which is suitable for interval mapping of QTLs with additive, additive×additive epistasis, and their environment interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051331
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    QTL analysis of leaf morphology in tetraploid Gossypium (cotton) (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 409-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words DNA markers ; Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) ; Morphological traits ; Okra leaf ; Polyploid formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Molecular markers were used to map and characterize quantitative trait loci (QTLs) determining cotton leaf morphology and other traits, in 180 F2 plants from an interspecific cross between a Gossypium hirsutum genotype carrying four morphological mutants, and a wild-type Gossypium barbadense. The prominent effects of a single region of chromosome 15, presumably the classical ”Okra-leaf” locus, were modified by QTLs on several other chromosomes affecting leaf size and shape. For most traits, each parent contained some alleles with positive effects and others with negative effects, suggesting a large potential for adapting leaf size and shape to the needs of particular production regimes. Twenty one QTLs/loci were found for the morphological traits at LOD≥3.0 and P≤0.001, among which 14 (63.6%) mapped to D-subgenome chromosomes. Forty one more possible QTLs/loci were suggested with 2.0≤LOD〈3.0 and 0.001〈P≤0.01. Among all of the 62 possible QTLs (found at LOD≥2.0 and P≤0.01) for the 14 morphological traits in this study, 38 (61.3%) mapped to D-subgenome chromosomes. This reinforces the findings of several other studies in suggesting that the D-subgenome of tetraploid cotton has been subject to a relatively greater rate of evolution than the A-subgenome, subsequent to polyploid formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050054
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping of four major rice blast resistance genes from ’Lemont’ and ’Teqing’ and evaluation of their combinatorial effect for field resistance (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 1215-1225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Keywords Oryza sativa L. ; Gene mapping ; Magna porthe grisea ; Pyricularia grisea ; Disease resistance ; Complete resistance ; Resistance genes ; Pyramiding ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A framework linkage map was developed using 284 F10 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a ’Lemont’×’Teqing’ rice cultivar cross. Evaluation of a subset of 245 of these RILs with five races of the rice blast pathogen permitted RFLP mapping of three major resistance genes from Teqing and one major gene from Lemont. All mapped genes were found to confer resistance to at least two blast races, but none conferred resistance to all five races evaluated. RFLP mapping showed that the three resistance genes from Teqing, designated Pi-tq5, Pi-tq1 and Pi-tq6, were present on chromosomes 2, 6 and 12, respectively. The resistance gene from Lemont, Pi-lm2, was located on chromosome 11. Pi-tq1 is considered a new gene, based on its reaction to these five races and its unique map location, while the other three genes may be allelic with previously reported genes. Lines with different gene combinations were evaluated for disease reaction in field plots. Some gene combinations showed both direct effects and non-linear interaction. The fact that some of the lines without any of the four tagged genes exhibited useful levels of resistance in the field plots suggests the presence of additional genes or QTLs affecting the blast reaction segregating in this population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051600
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