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  • 1
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    Rigid-rod thermosets based on 1,3,5-triazine-linked aromatic ester segments (1992)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0024-9297
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5835
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rigid-rod thermosets based on 1,3,5-triazine-linked aromatic ester segments (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 25 (1992), S. 2947-2954 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00037a025
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal decomposition of palladium-imidazole complexes (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 35 (1989), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer Reaktion von PdCl2 mit Imidazol wurde bei einem metall-Ligandenverhältnis von 1∶2 bzw. 1∶4 zwei Pd-Imidazolkomplexe dargestellt. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse von Elementaranalyse und Thermogravimetrieuntersuchungen besitzen die Verbindungen die Formeln Pd(IMDAH)2Cl2·4H2O bzw. Pd(IMDAH)3Cl2 (IMDAH=Imidazol). Der Mechanismus der thermischen Zersetzung dieser Komplexe in Luft umschliesst eine anfängliche Dissoziation (Abgabe von Wasser und IMDAH-Liganden) im Temperaturbereich 120–340 °C, gefolgt von der Bildung von PdO unter Abspaltung der Chloratome bei 530–570 °C sowie die letztendliche Bildung von metallischem Pd bei 820–840 °C.
    Abstract: Резюме Взаимодействием хло ристого палладия и имидазола, взятых в со отношениях 1∶2 и 1∶4, получены имидазоль ные комплексы паллад ия. Элементный анализ и термогравиметричес кие аналитические да нные для этих соединений показали, что они имеют состав Рd(имидазол)2Сl2· 4Н2О и Рd(имидазол)3Сl2. Термическое разложе ние этих комплексов на воздухе сопровожд ается сначала выделе нием воды и имидазола в интервал е температур 120–340°, а затем атомов хло ра и образованием оки си палладия при темпера туре 530–570°. Конечным продуктом р еакции является обра зование металлического палл адия при 820–840°.
    Notes: Abstract Two Pd-imidazole complexes have been synthesized following the reaction of PdCl2 and imidazole at 1∶2 and 1∶4 metal∶ ligand ratios. Elemental and thermogravimetric analytical data obtained from these compounds illustrate that they have the formulae Pd(IMDAH)2Cl2 · 4H2O and Pd(IMDAH)3Cl2 (IMDAH = imidazole), respectively. The mechanism of thermal decomposition for these complexes in air involves initial dissociation of H2O and IMDAH ligands in the 120–340 °C range, subsequent dissociation of the chloride atoms to form PdO in the 530–570 °C range, and finally formation of Pd metal at 820–840 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01914274
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal decomposition of copper-azole complexes (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 35 (1989), S. 2125-2133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mittels thermogravimetrischer (TG) Analyse in oxydierender Umgebung wurde die thermische Zersetzung von Komplexen der Formel Cu(IMDAH)xCl2, Cu(BIMDAH)xCl2, mitx=2 oder 4 sowie Cu(BTAH)2Cl2, Cu(5MBTAH)2Cl2, Cu(BIMDA)2, Cu(PDZ)Cl2 und Cu(PYM)Cl2 (IMDAH=Imidazol, BIMDAH=Benzimidazol, BTAH=Benzotriazol, 5MBTAH=5-Methyl-benzotriazol, PDZ=Pyridazin, PYM=Pyrimidin), untersucht. Die TG-Profile aller Komplexe zeigen einen Abbau der Azolliganden und eine Umformung zu Kupferoxiden. Bei den Cu-Azol-Komplexen bleibt während der thermischen Zersetzung ein weitaus größerer Teil des Kupfers im Rückstand enthalten, wohingegen bei den Cu(PDZ)Cl2 und Cu(PYM)Cl2 Komplexen das meiste Cu verdampft. Diese Unterschiede werden auf der Basis der Metall-Ligand-Bindung und mit der Beteiligung von Redoxreaktionen am thermischen Zersetzungsmechanismus erklärt.
    Abstract: Резюме Методом ТГ в окислите льной атмосфере изуч ено термическое разложе ние комплексов общей фор мулы Cu(IMDAH) x Cl2, Сu(BIМDАН) x Сl2 (х=2 или 4), Cu(BTAH)2Cl2, Cu(5MBTAH)2Cl2, Cu(BIMDA)2, Cu(PDZ)Cl2 и Cu(PYM)Cl2, где IMDAH=имидазол, BIMDAH=бензимида зол, ВТАН=бензтриазол, 5МВТАН=5метилбензтриа зол, PDZ=пиридазин, PYM=пиримиди н. Профиль кривых ТГ дл я всех комплексов показал р аспад азоловых лиган дов и образование оксидов меди. Остатки термического разлож ения комплексов медь — азрлы содержат намного бол ьше меди, чем таковые для комплекс ов Cu(PDZ)Cl2 и Cu(PYM)Cl2, при термичес ком разложении которых большинство меди уле тучивается. Эти разли чия интерпретированы на основе связей металл лиганд и участия в процессе т ермического разложе ния окислительно-восста новительных реакций.
    Notes: Abstract The thermal decomposition of complexes of the formulae Cu(IMDAH) x Cl2, Cu(BIMDAH)xCl2 (x=2 or 4), Cu(BTAH)2Cl2, Cu(5MBTAH)2Cl2, Cu(BIMDA)2, Cu(PDZ)Cl2, and Cu(PYM)Cl2 (IMDAH=imidazole, BIMDAH=benzimidazole; BTAH=benzotriazole; 5MBTAH=5-methyl-benzotriazole; PDZ=pyridazine; PYM=pyrimidine) has been studied in an oxidizing environment using thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The TG profiles of all the complexes indicate degradation of the azole ligands and conversion to copper oxides. The Cu-azole complexes retain much higher fractions of the Cu in the degradation residue than the Cu(PDZ)Cl2 and Cu(PYM)Cl2 complexes which volatilize most of the Cu on thermal decomposition. These differences are interpreted on the basis of metal-ligand bonding and the participation of redox reactions in the thermal decomposition mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01911877
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative stability of lubricants for dry circuit sliding contacts (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 35 (1989), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mittels Hochdruck-Differential-Scanning-Kalorimetrie wurde die Dünnschicht-Oxydationswiderstandsfestigkeit von Isoparaffin- und zwei synthetischen Polyolesterschmiermitteln untersucht. Die Oxydationsinduktionszeit jedes Schmiermittels wurde durch isothermes Erhitzen der Probe in Sauerstoff gemessen. Zur Vorhersage der Lebensdauer der Schmiermittel bei niedrigen Temperaturen wurden die entsprechenden Arrhenius-Diagramme erstellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Polyolester über eine bessere oxydative Stabilität verfügen als Isoparaffine.
    Abstract: Резюме Методом дифференциа льной сканирующей калориметрии высоко го давления изучена устойчивост ь к окислению тонких п ленок изопарафина и двух сл ожных эфиров полиспирта, как синте тических смазок. Инду кционное время окисления кажд ой смазки было измерено путем изоте рмического нагрева о бразца в атмосфере кислорода. Для установления срока службы каждой с мазки при низких темп ературах были построены аррен иусовские графики. Результаты п оказали, что сложные з фиры полиспиртов более ус тойчивы и окислению, чем изопарафины.
    Notes: Abstract The thin film oxidation resistance of isoparaffin and two polyol esters synthetic lubricants was studied by high pressure differential scanning calorimetry. The oxidation induction time of each lubricant was measured by isothermally heating the sample in an oxygen environment. Arrhenius plots were constructed to predict the service life of the lubricant at low temperatures. The results indicate that polyol esters exhibit better oxidative stability than isoparaffins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01914275
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal characterization of a bis-maleimide/bis-cyanate/epoxy thermosetting resin for compositesPresented in part at the north american thermal analysis society meeting 1985. (1987)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 8 (1987), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The thermosetting resin investigated here was a mixture of bis-maleimide and bis-cyanate, frequently referred to as BT (bis-maleimide triazine). Triazine is the reaction product of the cyclotrimerization of bis-cyanate during curing. For circuit board applications, a brominated epoxy resin was blended with BT to impact flame resistance. Resin cure was extensively investigated using a combination of thermoanalytical techniques (thermal analysis, heated cell infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis). The ultimate glass transition temperature was found to be 240°C, which could only be obtained using cure temperatures above 225°C. At lower temperatures, the reaction does not reach full conversion, since the glass transition temperature of the curing network equals or slightly exceeds the cure temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicates a minimum of two separate reactions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provided more detailed information on the crosslinking reactions during cure. The onset of cyclotrimerization was found to start at 150°C, correlating with one of the peaks in the DSC. At higher temperatures, the epoxide reacts with the cyanate functionality forming oxazoline ring structures. It was not possible to unambiguously assign the origins of the high temperature peaks in the DSC. These high temperature peaks may be attributed to several reactions, including epoxy homopolymerization and polymerization of bis-maleimide. The high temperature reaction mechanisms warrant further investigation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750080107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation parameters and the catalytic effects of poly(3-alkyl-1-vinylimidazolium) salts on the hydrolysis of neutral phenyl esters (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 1077-1089 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Alkaline hydrolyses of p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA) and p-nitrophenyl laurate (PNPL) were studied in the presence of poly(3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolium iodide) (PVII-C1), poly(3-n-hexadecyl-1-vinylimidazolium iodide) (PVIII-C16) and their monomeric analogs. The polysoap (PVII-C16) was a completely quaternized polyion, in contrast to other polysoap systems that have been studied. The hydrolysis of PNPA was not affected by these polyions. The hydrolysis of PNPL was instead enhanced by the addition of these cationic polyions. The magnitudes of the enhancement were in the order of PVII-C16 〉 PVII-C1, which is explained in terms of the hydrophobicity of these polyions. Values of k2, the rate constant of the polymer substrate complex, indicated that the esters bound to the polymer were more reactive than the free esters. Binding or association constants (K) obtained also increased in the order PVII-C16 〉 PVII-C1. Inhibitory results were observed for the hydrolysis of PNPL in presence of 3-n-hexadecyl-1-vinylimidazolium iodide (VII-C16). The activation parameters for these reactions were also investigated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070380608
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triazine networks modified with monofunctional reactive cyanate ester monomers (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 1267-1274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The preparation of cyanate ester thermosetting resins by coreacting a fluorinated bisphenol A dicyanate (6F-BADCY) monomer with a monofunctional reactive cyanate, namely, the dinonyl phenol cyanate (DNPC), is described in this paper. Our objective in this study was to modify the 6F-BADCY system with reactive diluents of a nonpolar nature and produce matrix resins processable at FR-4 epoxylike conditions. By introducing the monofunctional cyanate as a reactive diluent, it is expected that the molar crosslink density of the resulting network will be reduced. Highly branched triazine polymers will result from this approach. Dinonyl phenol cyanate was quantitatively synthesized by reacting dinonyl phenol with cyanogen bromide in the presence of triethylamine.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440716
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanical and magnetic alignment of liquid crystalline epoxy thermosets (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1845-1853 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: liquid crystalline ; networks ; epoxy ; thermotropic ; thermoset ; smectic ; nematic ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The processing of a new series of liquid crystalline (LC) epoxy networks was evaluated. Above the glass transition temperature, the low crosslink density networks could be mechanically aligned. The mechanically oriented networks readily lost orientation upon heating. Highly anisotropic liquid crystalline (LC) epoxy networks were also prepared by aligning the mesophase of the prepolymer during the curing process under the influence of a magnetic field. Orientation parameters (f) of 0.13 to 0.57 were achieved by these processes as determined by x-ray diffraction analysis. The ability of the magnetically aligned networks to retain their orientation above the glass transition temperature was determined by time-resolved x-ray diffraction. The stability of the alignment of these networks was found to depend on crosslink density. The effect of the anisotropy of these networks was investigated by measuring the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). In the aligned networks, there was a substantial reduction in CTE parallel to the direction of the applied field compared to the randomly oriented networks. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300907
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid crystalline epoxy thermosets based on dihydroxymethylstilbene: Synthesis and characterization (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1831-1843 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: liquid crystalline ; networks ; epoxy ; thermotropic ; thermoset ; smectic ; nematic ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article describes the synthesis and characterization of a new series of liquid crystalline thermosets. Nematic epoxy-terminated oligoethers based on dihydroxy-α-methylstilbene were synthesized for this study. These prepolymers were crosslinked within the nematic mesophase using methylenedianiline. Depending upon the molecular weight and polydispersity of the oligoether, the crosslinking reaction resulted in networks with either a smectic or nematic molecular organization in contrast to the simple nematic phase of the oligoether. The formation of a smectic-like structure on curing was found to be related to the breadth of the prepolymer molecular weight. In those networks with a low crosslink density a clearing transition could be observed, whereas in the more highly crosslinked networks the molecular organization was frozen in until decomposition. The glass transition temperature of these LC networks rose as the crosslink density was increased, ranging from 35 to 152°C. In agreement with theory, the clearing transition of the networks was found to be dependent on the phase state during curing © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300906
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