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  • 1
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    Inducing magnetism onto the surface of a topological crystalline insulator (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: Author(s): B. A. Assaf, F. Katmis, P. Wei, Cui-Zu Chang, B. Satpati, J. S. Moodera, and D. Heiman Inducing magnetism onto a topological crystalline insulator (TCI) has been predicted to result in several novel quantum electromagnetic effects. This is a consequence of the highly strain-sensitive band topology of such symmetry-protected systems. We thus show that placing the TCI surface of SnTe in... [Phys. Rev. B 91, 195310] Published Mon May 11, 2015
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Middle Carboniferous intracontinental subduction in the Outer Zone of the Variscan Belt (Montagne Noire Axial Zone, French Massif Central): multimethod geochronological approach of polyphase metamorphism (2014)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-27
    Description: In the migmatitic dome of the Montagne Noire Axial Zone (Variscan French Massif Central), mafic eclogites yield zircon and rutile U–Pb SHRIMP and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) ages of c. 315–308 Ma. These ‘young’ dates, obtained in two different laboratories, do not comply with the geological constraints available for the study area that suggest an older age of the high-pressure–low-temperature (M 1 ) metamorphism. Nevertheless, the Sm–Nd age of the same rock at c. 358 Ma appears in better agreement with the geological constraints, and therefore might reflect the age of the high-pressure (HP) event. Similar 357–352 Ma monazite U–Th–Pb tot ages are obtained from relict grains in the Axial Zone kinzigites that represent restites enclosed in migmatites. Furthermore, monazite grains from biotite–garnet–staurolite micaschists from the dome envelope and Axial Zone kinzigites yield U–Th–Pb tot ages in the range 340–320 Ma. These dates are in good agreement with previously documented zircon and monazite ages from the migmatite and anatectic granites that represent a high-temperature–low-pressure (M 2 ) event. The significance of the zircon and rutile ages in the eclogites is discussed in terms of hydrothermal circulations. A crustal-scale model considers: (1) a north-directed intracontinental subduction, responsible for the high-pressure–low-temperature (M 1 ) metamorphism, coeval with kilometre-scale south-vergent recumbent folds in the Palaeozoic non-metamorphic cover, followed by (2) a high-temperature–low-pressure (M 2 ) event, coeval with the development of the Axial Zone migmatitic dome, and upright folding in the Palaeozoic non-metamorphic series.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 3
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    Lipidomic discovery of deoxysiderophores reveals a revised mycobactin biosynthesis pathway in Mycobacterium tuberculosis [Chemistry] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-25
    Description: To measure molecular changes underlying pathogen adaptation, we generated a searchable dataset of more than 12,000 mass spectrometry events, corresponding to lipids and small molecules that constitute a lipidome for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Iron is essential for M. tuberculosis survival, and the organism imports this metal using mycobactin and carboxymycobactin siderophores. Detection of an unexpected siderophore variant and deletions of genes for iron scavenging has led to a revised mycobactin biosynthesis model. An organism-wide search of the M. tuberculosis database for hypothetical compounds predicted by this model led to the discovery of two families of previously unknown lipids, designated monodeoxymycobactins and monodeoxycarboxymycobactins. These molecules suggest a revised biosynthetic model that alters the substrates and order of action of enzymes through the mycobactin biosynthetic pathway. We tested this model genetically by solving M. tuberculosis lipidomes after deletion of the iron-dependent regulator (ideR), mycobactin synthase B (mbtB), or mycobactin synthase G (mbtG). These studies show that deoxymycobactins are actively regulated during iron starvation, and also define essential roles of MbtG in converting deoxymycobactins to mycobactin and in promoting M. tuberculosis growth. Thus, lipidomics is an efficient discovery tool that informs genetic relationships, leading to a revised general model for the biosynthesis of these virulence-conferring siderophores.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Quantum coherent transport in SnTe topological crystalline insulator thin films (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: Topological crystalline insulators (TCI) are unique systems where a band inversion that is protected by crystalline mirror symmetry leads to a multiplicity of topological surface states. Binary SnTe is an attractive lead-free TCI compound; the present work on high-quality thin films provides a route for increasing the mobility and reducing the carrier density of SnTe without chemical doping. Results of quantum coherent magnetotransport measurements reveal a multiplicity of Dirac surface states that are unique to TCI. Modeling of the weak antilocalization shows variations in the extracted number of carrier valleys that reflect the role of coherent intervalley scattering in coupling different Dirac states on the degenerate TCI surface.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    HP-UHP metamorphism and tectonic evolution of orogenic belts: introduction (2019)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉High pressure (HP) and ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks play a key role for understanding the tectonic evolution of orogenic belts (〈cross-ref type="bib" refid="SP474-18-149C19"〉Johnson, M.R.W. & Harley, S.L. 2012〈/cross-ref〉. 〈i〉Orogenesis: The Making of Mountains〈/i〉. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge). They have typically experienced complex changes during subduction and exhumation processes, arising from recrystallization, deformation, element redistribution, fluid–rock interactions and even partial melting, and may therefore carry a valuable record of evolving geodynamic systems in an orogenic belt. Until now, more than 20 UHP metamorphic belts, i.e. belts which contain rocks that experienced pressure–temperature (〈i〉P–T〈/i〉) conditions exceeding the lower limit of the coesite stability field, have been identified all over the world (〈cross-ref type="bib" refid="SP474-18-149C1"〉Carswell, D.A. & Compagnoni, R. 2003〈/cross-ref〉. 〈i〉Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphism〈/i〉. Eotvos University Press, European Mineralogical Union, Notes in Mineralogy, Budapest; 〈cross-ref type="bib" refid="SP474-18-149C4"〉Liou, J.G., Ernst, W.G., Zhang, R.Y., Tsujimori, T. & Jahn, B.M. 2009〈/cross-ref〉. Ultrahigh-pressure minerals and metamorphic terranes – the view from China. 〈i〉Journal of Asian Earth Sciences〈/i〉, 〈b〉35〈/b〉, 199–231; 〈cross-ref type="bib" refid="SP474-18-149C17"〉Zheng, Y.F., Zhang, L.F., McClelland, W.C. & Cuthbert, S. 2012〈/cross-ref〉. Processes in continental collision zones: preface. 〈i〉Lithos〈/i〉, 〈b〉136〈/b〉, 1–9). New and innovative studies from different geoscience disciplines have been invaluable in developing a better understanding of the geodynamic evolution of orogenic belts. This special issue contains 15 papers, most of which were presented as part of the session ‘HP–UHP metamorphism and tectonic evolution of orogenic belts’, held at the 35th International Geological Congress in Cape Town, South Africa during 27 August to 4 September, 2016.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0375-6440
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 6
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    Modulation of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by the xenobiotic receptor CAR (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-12
    Description: We have identified the xenobiotic receptor CAR (constitutive androstane receptor) as a key regulator of acetaminophen metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Known CAR activators as well as high doses of acetaminophen induced expression of three acetaminophen-metabolizing enzymes in wild-type but not in CAR null mice, and the CAR null mice were resistant to acetaminophen toxicity. Inhibition of CAR activity by administration of the inverse agonist ligand androstanol 1 hour after acetaminophen treatment blocked hepatotoxicity in wild type but not in CAR null mice. These results suggest an innovative therapeutic approach for treating the adverse effects of acetaminophen and potentially other hepatotoxic agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Jun -- Huang, Wendong -- Chua, Steven S -- Wei, Ping -- Moore, David D -- R01 DK46546/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 11;298(5592):422-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12376703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetaminophen/metabolism/*toxicity ; Acetylcysteine/pharmacology ; Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/metabolism/toxicity ; Androstanols/pharmacology ; Animals ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/genetics/metabolism ; Benzoquinones/metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/genetics/metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/genetics/metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics/metabolism ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; Glutathione Transferase/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Imines/metabolism ; Isoenzymes/genetics/metabolism ; Liver/*drug effects/*metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/genetics/metabolism ; Phenobarbital/pharmacology ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/agonists/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Rapid diversification of cell signaling phenotypes by modular domain recombination (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-17
    Description: Cell signaling proteins are often modular, containing distinct catalytic and regulatory domains. Recombination of such biological modules has been proposed to be a major source of evolutionary innovation. We systematically analyzed the phenotypic diversity of a signaling response that results from domain recombination by using 11 proteins in the yeast mating pathway to construct a library of 66 chimeric domain recombinants. Domain recombination resulted in greater diversity in pathway response dynamics than did duplication of genes, of single domains, or of two unlinked domains. Domain recombination also led to changes in mating phenotype, including recombinants with increased mating efficiency over the wild type. Thus, novel linkages between preexisting domains may have a major role in the evolution of protein networks and novel phenotypic behaviors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2975375/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2975375/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peisajovich, Sergio G -- Garbarino, Joan E -- Wei, Ping -- Lim, Wendell A -- PN2 EY016546/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- PN2 EY016546-08/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM055040/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM055040-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 16;328(5976):368-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1182376.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20395511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalytic Domain ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Fungal ; Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Variation ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Peptide Library ; Phenotype ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; *Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Mating Factor/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Experimental observation of the quantum anomalous Hall effect in a magnetic topological insulator (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-16
    Description: The quantized version of the anomalous Hall effect has been predicted to occur in magnetic topological insulators, but the experimental realization has been challenging. Here, we report the observation of the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect in thin films of chromium-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3, a magnetic topological insulator. At zero magnetic field, the gate-tuned anomalous Hall resistance reaches the predicted quantized value of h/e(2), accompanied by a considerable drop in the longitudinal resistance. Under a strong magnetic field, the longitudinal resistance vanishes, whereas the Hall resistance remains at the quantized value. The realization of the QAH effect may lead to the development of low-power-consumption electronics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Cui-Zu -- Zhang, Jinsong -- Feng, Xiao -- Shen, Jie -- Zhang, Zuocheng -- Guo, Minghua -- Li, Kang -- Ou, Yunbo -- Wei, Pang -- Wang, Li-Li -- Ji, Zhong-Qing -- Feng, Yang -- Ji, Shuaihua -- Chen, Xi -- Jia, Jinfeng -- Dai, Xi -- Fang, Zhong -- Zhang, Shou-Cheng -- He, Ke -- Wang, Yayu -- Lu, Li -- Ma, Xu-Cun -- Xue, Qi-Kun -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):167-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1234414. Epub 2013 Mar 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23493424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Van der Waals metal-semiconductor junction: Weak Fermi level pinning enables effective tuning of Schottky barrier (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Description: Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have shown great potential for electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, their development is limited by a large Schottky barrier (SB) at the metal-semiconductor junction (MSJ), which is difficult to tune by using conventional metals because of the effect of strong Fermi level pinning (FLP). We show that this problem can be overcome by using 2D metals, which are bounded with 2D semiconductors through van der Waals (vdW) interactions. This success relies on a weak FLP at the vdW MSJ, which is attributed to the suppression of metal-induced gap states. Consequently, the SB becomes tunable and can vanish with proper 2D metals (for example, H -NbS 2 ). This work not only offers new insights into the fundamental properties of heterojunctions but also uncovers the great potential of 2D metals for device applications.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Bacterial virulence proteins as tools to rewire kinase pathways in yeast and immune cells (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-24
    Description: Bacterial pathogens have evolved specific effector proteins that, by interfacing with host kinase signalling pathways, provide a mechanism to evade immune responses during infection. Although these effectors contribute to pathogen virulence, we realized that they might also serve as valuable synthetic biology reagents for engineering cellular behaviour. Here we exploit two effector proteins, the Shigella flexneri OspF protein and Yersinia pestis YopH protein, to rewire kinase-mediated responses systematically both in yeast and mammalian immune cells. Bacterial effector proteins can be directed to inhibit specific mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways selectively in yeast by artificially targeting them to pathway-specific complexes. Moreover, we show that unique properties of the effectors generate new pathway behaviours: OspF, which irreversibly inactivates mitogen-activated protein kinases, was used to construct a synthetic feedback circuit that shows novel frequency-dependent input filtering. Finally, we show that effectors can be used in T cells, either as feedback modulators to tune the T-cell response amplitude precisely, or as an inducible pause switch that can temporarily disable T-cell activation. These studies demonstrate how pathogens could provide a rich toolkit of parts to engineer cells for therapeutic or biotechnological applications.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3422413/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3422413/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wei, Ping -- Wong, Wilson W -- Park, Jason S -- Corcoran, Ethan E -- Peisajovich, Sergio G -- Onuffer, James J -- Weiss, Arthur -- Lim, Wendell A -- P50 GM081879/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50GM081879/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- PN2 EY016546/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- PN2EY016546/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM055040/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM055040/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM062583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007618/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 16;488(7411):384-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11259.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22820255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Biotechnology/*methods ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Feedback, Physiological ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/immunology ; Jurkat Cells ; Lymphocyte Activation/genetics ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Osmolar Concentration ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Shigella flexneri/genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*enzymology/immunology/metabolism ; Virulence Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Yersinia pestis/genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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