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  • 1
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    Subdiffusion of a Sticky Particle on a Surface (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-03
    Description: Author(s): Q. Xu, L. Feng, R. Sha, N. C. Seeman, and P. M. Chaikin Conventional diffusion ⟨ Δ R 2 ( t )⟩=2 D t gives way to subdiffusion ⟨ Δ R 2 ( t )⟩∼ t μ , 0〈 μ 〈1 when the waiting time distribution φ ( τ ) is nonintegrable. We have studied a model system, colloidal particles functionalized with DNA “sticky ends” diffusing on a complementary coated surface. We observe a crossov... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 228102] Published Thu Jun 02, 2011
    Keywords: Soft Matter, Biological, and Interdisciplinary Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Mechanisms of ordering in striped patterns (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-25
    Description: We have studied the ordering dynamics of the striped patterns of a single layer of cylindrical block copolymer microdomains in a thin film. By tracking disclinations during annealing with time-lapse atomic force microscopy, we observe a dominant mechanism of disclination annihilation involving three or four disclinations (quadrupoles). Pairwise disclination annihilation events are suppressed as a result of the topological constraints in this system. The kinetic scaling laws with exponents observed here are consistent with topologically allowed annihilation events involving multiple disclinations. The results provide insight into two-dimensional pattern formation and may lead to the successful application of block copolymer lithography.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harrison, C -- Adamson, D H -- Cheng, Z -- Sebastian, J M -- Sethuraman, S -- Huse, D A -- Register, R A -- Chaikin, P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 24;290(5496):1558-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11090350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Pleats in crystals on curved surfaces (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-18
    Description: Hexagons can easily tile a flat surface, but not a curved one. Introducing heptagons and pentagons (defects with topological charge) makes it easier to tile curved surfaces; for example, soccer balls based on the geodesic domes of Buckminster Fuller have exactly 12 pentagons (positive charges). Interacting particles that invariably form hexagonal crystals on a plane exhibit fascinating scarred defect patterns on a sphere. Here we show that, for more general curved surfaces, curvature may be relaxed by pleats: uncharged lines of dislocations (topological dipoles) that vanish on the surface and play the same role as fabric pleats. We experimentally investigate crystal order on surfaces with spatially varying positive and negative curvature. On cylindrical capillary bridges, stretched to produce negative curvature, we observe a sequence of transitions-consistent with our energetic calculations-from no defects to isolated dislocations, which subsequently proliferate and organize into pleats; finally, scars and isolated heptagons (previously unseen) appear. This fine control of crystal order with curvature will enable explorations of general theories of defects in curved spaces. From a practical viewpoint, it may be possible to engineer structures with curvature (such as waisted nanotubes and vaulted architecture) and to develop novel methods for soft lithography and directed self-assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Irvine, William T M -- Vitelli, Vincenzo -- Chaikin, Paul M -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 16;468(7326):947-51. doi: 10.1038/nature09620.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003, USA. wtmirvine@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21164482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Lock and key colloids (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-26
    Description: New functional materials can in principle be created using colloids that self-assemble into a desired structure by means of a programmable recognition and binding scheme. This idea has been explored by attaching 'programmed' DNA strands to nanometre- and micrometre- sized particles and then using DNA hybridization to direct the placement of the particles in the final assembly. Here we demonstrate an alternative recognition mechanism for directing the assembly of composite structures, based on particles with complementary shapes. Our system, which uses Fischer's lock-and-key principle, employs colloidal spheres as keys and monodisperse colloidal particles with a spherical cavity as locks that bind spontaneously and reversibly via the depletion interaction. The lock-and-key binding is specific because it is controlled by how closely the size of a spherical colloidal key particle matches the radius of the spherical cavity of the lock particle. The strength of the binding can be further tuned by adjusting the solution composition or temperature. The composite assemblies have the unique feature of having flexible bonds, allowing us to produce flexible dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric colloidal molecules as well as more complex colloidal polymers. We expect that this lock-and-key recognition mechanism will find wider use as a means of programming and directing colloidal self-assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sacanna, S -- Irvine, W T M -- Chaikin, P M -- Pine, D J -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 25;464(7288):575-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08906.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003, USA. s.sacanna@nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20336142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Improving the density of jammed disordered packings using ellipsoids (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: Packing problems, such as how densely objects can fill a volume, are among the most ancient and persistent problems in mathematics and science. For equal spheres, it has only recently been proved that the face-centered cubic lattice has the highest possible packing fraction phi=pi/18 approximately 0.74. It is also well known that certain random (amorphous) jammed packings have phi approximately 0.64. Here, we show experimentally and with a new simulation algorithm that ellipsoids can randomly pack more densely-up to phi= 0.68 to 0.71 for spheroids with an aspect ratio close to that of M&M's Candies-and even approach phi approximately 0.74 for ellipsoids with other aspect ratios. We suggest that the higher density is directly related to the higher number of degrees of freedom per particle and thus the larger number of particle contacts required to mechanically stabilize the packing. We measured the number of contacts per particle Z approximately 10 for our spheroids, as compared to Z approximately 6 for spheres. Our results have implications for a broad range of scientific disciplines, including the properties of granular media and ceramics, glass formation, and discrete geometry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donev, Aleksandar -- Cisse, Ibrahim -- Sachs, David -- Variano, Evan A -- Stillinger, Frank H -- Connelly, Robert -- Torquato, Salvatore -- Chaikin, P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):990-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Self-replication of information-bearing nanoscale patterns (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: DNA molecules provide what is probably the most iconic example of self-replication--the ability of a system to replicate, or make copies of, itself. In living cells the process is mediated by enzymes and occurs autonomously, with the number of replicas increasing exponentially over time without the need for external manipulation. Self-replication has also been implemented with synthetic systems, including RNA enzymes designed to undergo self-sustained exponential amplification. An exciting next step would be to use self-replication in materials fabrication, which requires robust and general systems capable of copying and amplifying functional materials or structures. Here we report a first development in this direction, using DNA tile motifs that can recognize and bind complementary tiles in a pre-programmed fashion. We first design tile motifs so they form a seven-tile seed sequence; then use the seeds to instruct the formation of a first generation of complementary seven-tile daughter sequences; and finally use the daughters to instruct the formation of seven-tile granddaughter sequences that are identical to the initial seed sequences. Considering that DNA is a functional material that can organize itself and other molecules into useful structures, our findings raise the tantalizing prospect that we may one day be able to realize self-replicating materials with various patterns or useful functions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3192504/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3192504/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Tong -- Sha, Ruojie -- Dreyfus, Remi -- Leunissen, Mirjam E -- Maass, Corinna -- Pine, David J -- Chaikin, Paul M -- Seeman, Nadrian C -- GM-29554/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM029554-28/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM029554-29/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM029554-30/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM029554-31/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 12;478(7368):225-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Biomimetic Materials/*chemistry ; Computational Biology ; DNA/*chemistry/genetics/ultrastructure ; DNA Replication ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; *Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nanostructures/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Nanotechnology/*methods ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleotide Motifs ; Software ; Streptavidin/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Living crystals of light-activated colloidal surfers (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-02
    Description: Spontaneous formation of colonies of bacteria or flocks of birds are examples of self-organization in active living matter. Here, we demonstrate a form of self-organization from nonequilibrium driving forces in a suspension of synthetic photoactivated colloidal particles. They lead to two-dimensional "living crystals," which form, break, explode, and re-form elsewhere. The dynamic assembly results from a competition between self-propulsion of particles and an attractive interaction induced respectively by osmotic and phoretic effects and activated by light. We measured a transition from normal to giant-number fluctuations. Our experiments are quantitatively described by simple numerical simulations. We show that the existence of the living crystals is intrinsically related to the out-of-equilibrium collisions of the self-propelled particles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palacci, Jeremie -- Sacanna, Stefano -- Steinberg, Asher Preska -- Pine, David J -- Chaikin, Paul M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):936-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1230020. Epub 2013 Jan 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA. jp153@nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23371555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled growth of hard-sphere colloidal crystals (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 401 (1999), S. 893-895 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Three-dimensional ordered colloidal systems with lattice constants comparable to the wavelength of visible light might find important application as photonic crystals, optic filters and switches, and chemical sensors. Colloidal crystallization has been actively studied, leading to the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/44785
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small sample magnetometers for simultaneous magnetic and resistive measurements at low temperatures and high magnetic fields (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 117-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a very simple method for making measurements of the isotropic and anisotropic static magnetization of small samples which is especially useful in the limit of very low temperatures and high magnetic fields. The sensitivity of this technique can surpass that of commercial superconducting magnetometers in the high magnetic field limit. Methods for calibration are presented and magnetization measurements on several materials are shown to demonstrate the technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139552
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraminiature high pressure cell for angularly dependent transport measurements at high magnetic field and low temperature (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3951-3954 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A miniature cell for studies of transport and thermodynamic properties of materials to pressures to 10 kbar at 0.5 K has been developed. This is an improvement upon previous designs because its extremely small size (0.3 in. diam.×0.5 in.; 0.762 cm diam.×1.27 cm) allows it to be used in a confined space. In addition we have developed a highly precise mechanism for rotation that permits 360° rotation of this cell and particularly for low temperature rotations in a narrow bore, high field magnet. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145400
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