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  • 1
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    Pattern recognition applied to earthquake epicenters in California and Nevada (1977)
    In:  Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., Leipzig, 3-4, vol. 88, no. 1-2, pp. 161-173, pp. L06305, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1977
    Keywords: Pattern recognition ; Seismicity ; Earthquake
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Enhanced absorption in two-dimensional materials via Fano-resonant photonic crystals (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-06
    Description: The use of two-dimensional (2D) materials in optoelectronics has attracted much attention due to their fascinating optical and electrical properties. However, the low optical absorption of 2D materials arising from their atomic thickness limits the maximum attainable external quantum efficiency. For example, in the visible and near-infrared regimes monolayer MoS 2 and graphene absorb only ∼10% and 2.3% of incoming light, respectively. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the use of Fano-resonant photonic crystals to significantly boost absorption in atomically thin materials. Using graphene as a test bed, we demonstrate that absorption in the monolayer thick material can be enhanced to 77% within the telecommunications band, the highest value reported to date. We also show that the absorption in the Fano-resonant structure is non-local, with light propagating up to 16  μ m within the structure. This property is particularly beneficial in harvesting light from large areas in field-effect-transistor based graphene photodetectors in which separation of photo-generated carriers only occurs ∼0.2  μ m adjacent to the graphene/electrode interface.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Experimental drought and heat can delay phenological development and reduce foliar and shoot growth in semiarid trees (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-08
    Description: Higher temperatures associated with climate change are anticipated to trigger an earlier start to the growing season, which could increase the terrestrial C sink strength. Greater variability in the amount and timing of precipitation are also expected with higher temperatures, bringing increased drought stress to many ecosystems. We experimentally assessed the effects of higher temperature and drought on the foliar phenology and shoot growth of mature trees of two semi-arid conifer species. We exposed field-grown trees to a ~45% reduction in precipitation with a rain-out structure (‘drought’), a ~4.8°C temperature increase with open-top chambers (‘heat’), and a combination of both simultaneously (‘drought+heat’). Over the 2013 growing season, drought, heat, and drought+heat treatments reduced shoot and needle growth in piñon pine ( Pinus edulis ) by ≥39%, while juniper ( Juniperus monosperma ) had low growth and little response to these treatments. Needle emergence on primary axis branches of piñon pine was delayed in heat, drought, and drought+heat treatments by 19 to 57 days, while secondary axis branches were less likely to produce needles in the heat treatment, and produced no needles at all in the drought+heat treatment. Growth of shoots and needles, and the timing of needle emergence correlated inversely with xylem water tension and positively with non-structural carbohydrate concentrations. Our findings demonstrate the potential for delayed phenological development and reduced growth with higher temperatures and drought in tree species that are vulnerable to drought and reveal potential mechanistic links to physiological stress responses. Climate change projections of an earlier and longer growing season with higher temperatures, and consequent increases in terrestrial C sink strength, may be incorrect for regions where plants will face increased drought stress with climate change. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Rapid Characterization of the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake Sequence and Its Seismotectonic Context (2015)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-29
    Description: Earthquake response and related information products are important for placing recent seismic events into context and particularly for understanding the impact earthquakes can have on the regional community and its infrastructure. These tools are even more useful if they are available quickly, ahead of detailed information from the areas affected by such earthquakes. Here we provide an overview of the response activities and related information products generated and provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center in association with the 2015 M  7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake. This group monitors global earthquakes 24 hrs/day and 7 days/week to provide rapid information on the location and size of recent events and to characterize the source properties, tectonic setting, and potential fatalities and economic losses associated with significant earthquakes. We present the timeline over which these products became available, discuss what they tell us about the seismotectonics of the Gorkha earthquake and its aftershocks, and examine how their information is used today, and might be used in the future, to help mitigate the impact of such natural disasters.
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 5
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    All-dielectric metasurface analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency (2014)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-18
    Description: Article Electromagnetically induced transparency—an effect in atomic physics caused by interference between transitions—has found analogues in other areas, like nanophotonics. Yang et al . exploit this effect in an all-dielectric metasurface to produce high-Q-factor resonances ideal for refractive index sensing. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6753 Authors: Yuanmu Yang, Ivan I. Kravchenko, Dayrl P. Briggs, Jason Valentine
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    Armet/Manf and Creld2 are components of a specialized ER stress response provoked by inappropriate formation of disulphide bonds: implications for genetic skeletal diseases (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-28
    Description: Mutant matrilin-3 (V194D) forms non-native disulphide bonded aggregates in the rER of chondrocytes from cell and mouse models of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED). Intracellular retention of mutant matrilin-3 causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and induces an unfolded protein response (UPR) including the upregulation of two genes recently implicated in ER stress: Armet and Creld2 . Nothing is known about the role of Armet and Creld2 in human genetic diseases. In this study, we used a variety of cell and mouse models of chondrodysplasia to determine the genotype-specific expression profiles of Armet and Creld2. We also studied their interactions with various mutant proteins and investigated their potential roles as protein disulphide isomerases (PDIs). Armet and Creld2 were up-regulated in cell and/or mouse models of chondrodysplasias caused by mutations in Matn3 and Col10a1 , but not Comp . Intriguingly, both Armet and Creld2 were also secreted into the ECM of these disease models following ER stress. Armet and Creld2 interacted with mutant matrilin-3, but not with COMP, thereby validating the genotype-specific expression. Substrate-trapping experiments confirmed Creld2 processed PDI-like activity, thus identifying a putative functional role. Finally, alanine substitution of the two terminal cysteine residues from the A-domain of V194D matrilin-3 prevented aggregation, promoted mutant protein secretion and reduced the levels of Armet and Creld2 in a cell culture model. We demonstrate that Armet and Creld2 are genotype-specific ER stress response proteins with substrate specificities, and that aggregation of mutant matrilin-3 is a key disease trigger in MED that could be exploited as a potential therapeutic target.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Reductase activity encoded by the HM1 disease resistance gene in maize (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-11-06
    Description: The HM1 gene in maize controls both race-specific resistance to the fungus Cochliobolus carbonum race 1 and expression of the NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)-dependent HC toxin reductase (HCTR), which inactivates HC toxin, a cyclic tetrapeptide produced by the fungus to permit infection. Several HM1 alleles were generated and cloned by transposon-induced mutagenesis. The sequence of wild-type HM1 shares homology with dihydroflavonol-4-reductase genes from maize, petunia, and snap-dragon. Sequence homology is greatest in the beta alpha beta-dinucleotide binding fold that is conserved among NADPH- and NADH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-dependent reductases and dehydrogenases. This indicates that HM1 encodes HCTR.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johal, G S -- Briggs, S P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 6;258(5084):985-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biotechnology Research, Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., Johnston, IA 50131.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1359642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Southern ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/chemistry/genetics ; *Genes, Plant ; *Helminthosporium ; Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NADP/pharmacology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oxidoreductases/chemistry/*genetics ; Peptides, Cyclic/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Plant Diseases ; *Plant Proteins ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Zea mays/enzymology/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Analysis of a chemical plant defense mechanism in grasses (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-01
    Description: In the Gramineae, the cyclic hydroxamic acids 2,4-dihydroxy-1, 4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1, 4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) form part of the defense against insects and microbial pathogens. Five genes, Bx1 through Bx5, are required for DIBOA biosynthesis in maize. The functions of these five genes, clustered on chromosome 4, were demonstrated in vitro. Bx1 encodes a tryptophan synthase alpha homolog that catalyzes the formation of indole for the production of secondary metabolites rather than tryptophan, thereby defining the branch point from primary to secondary metabolism. Bx2 through Bx5 encode cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases that catalyze four consecutive hydroxylations and one ring expansion to form the highly oxidized DIBOA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frey, M -- Chomet, P -- Glawischnig, E -- Stettner, C -- Grun, S -- Winklmair, A -- Eisenreich, W -- Bacher, A -- Meeley, R B -- Briggs, S P -- Simcox, K -- Gierl, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 1;277(5326):696-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Genetik, Technische Universitat Munchen, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9235894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Benzoxazines ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Transposable Elements ; *Genes, Plant ; Hydroxylation ; Indoles/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxazines/*metabolism ; Plant Shoots/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Tryptophan Synthase/genetics/metabolism ; Zea mays/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Loss of an MDR transporter in compact stalks of maize br2 and sorghum dw3 mutants (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: Agriculturally advantageous reduction in plant height is usually achieved by blocking the action or production of gibberellins. Here, we describe a different dwarfing mechanism found in maize brachytic2 (br2) mutants characterized by compact lower stalk internodes. The height reduction in these plants results from the loss of a P-glycoprotein that modulates polar auxin transport in the maize stalk. The sorghum ortholog of br2 is dwarf3 (dw3), an unstable mutant of long-standing commercial interest and concern. A direct duplication within the dw3 gene is responsible for its mutant nature and also for its instability, because it facilitates unequal crossing-over at the locus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Multani, Dilbag S -- Briggs, Steven P -- Chamberlin, Mark A -- Blakeslee, Joshua J -- Murphy, Angus S -- Johal, Gurmukh S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):81-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pioneer Hi-Bred International, 7250 Northwest 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Biological Transport ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; Gene Duplication ; *Genes, Plant ; Genes, Recessive ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Light ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; P-Glycoproteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Stems/cytology/metabolism ; Poaceae/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Zea mays/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Diversification of C-function activity in maize flower development (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-29
    Description: The Arabidopsis gene AGAMOUS is required for male and female reproductive organ development and for floral determinacy. Reverse genetics allowed the isolation of a transposon-induced mutation in ZAG1, the maize homolog of AGAMOUS. ZAG1 mutants exhibited a loss of determinacy, but the identity of reproductive organs was largely unaffected. This suggested a redundancy in maize sex organ specification that led to the identification and cloning of a second AGAMOUS homolog, ZMM2, that has a pattern of expression distinct from that of ZAG1. C-function organ identity in maize (as defined by the A, B, C model of floral organ development) may therefore be orchestrated by two closely related genes, ZAG1 and ZMM2, with overlapping but nonidentical activities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mena, M -- Ambrose, B A -- Meeley, R B -- Briggs, S P -- Yanofsky, M F -- Schmidt, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 29;274(5292):1537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. rschmidt@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8929416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Plant ; MADS Domain Proteins ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Plant/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Zea mays/*genetics/*growth & development/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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