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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors determining hypopharyngeal gland activity of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 36 (1989), S. 264-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume On examine différents facteurs qui pourraient affecter l'activité des glandes hypopharyngiennes (HP) des ouvrières d'Abeille, tels que l'âge des ouvrières, les stades de développement du couvain et le moment d'introduction ou de retrait du couvain. L'âge des abeilles exerce une influence marquée sur l'activité des glandes HP; celle-ci est corrélée avec la croissance et la résorption des glandes décrites dans la littérature. Seules les larves sont aptes à activer les glandes HP, alors que les œufs et les nymphes ne le sont pas. Les glandes de l'abeille restent inactives pendant trois jours après le début du nourrissage des larves; elles conservent leur activité pendant trois jours environ après le retrait des larves. Ces données sont en accord avec l'hypothèse que c'est le comportement de nourrissage lui-même qui active les glandes; cependant, on ne peut exclure la possibilité que les larves produisent une phéromone stimulante.
    Notes: Summary The effects of worker age, brood stage and time of brood introduction or brood withdrawal on the hypopharyngeal (HP) gland activity of worker bees were examined. Worker age exerted a marked influence on gland activity. Only larvae affected HP gland activity, while eggs and pupae did not. Bees had inactive glands until their third day of larval feeding and they maintained high gland activity for approximately three days after larval removal. The data are congruent with the hypothesis that feeding behaviour itself causes gland activation, although the possibility that larvae produce a primer pheromone cannot be excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02224880
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Net reproductive rate of unmanaged honeybee colonies, (Apis mellifera L.) (1992)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 39 (1992), S. 157-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Reproductive rate ; afterswarms ; survivorship ; Apis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The net reproductive rate of unmanaged honeybee colonies has never been fully determined for honey bees in temperate climates. In this study, five overwintered colonies in Kansas, USA, were allowed to swarm naturally (Winston. 1980). These colonies and their swarms were studied over the winter (i.e. one generation). The net reproductive rateR 0 was estimated to be 2.18. Afterswarms were found to contribute substantially (41.2%) to this net reproductive rate. The autumn and spring food reserves and brood areas of established colonies and colonies established from prime swarms and afterswarms are compared. Winter survival of afterswarms was related to autumn honey stores, and the brood areas of surviving afterswarms were smaller than those of prime swarms or established colonies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01249291
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species- and Caste-Determined Mandibular Gland Signals in Honeybees (Apis) (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 363-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Honeybee ; mandibular gland ; chemical signature ; pheromone ; queen ; worker ; Apis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Queens and workers of five honeybee species (Apis mellifera A. cerana A. dorsata A. floreaand A. andreniformis) were analyzed for their mandibular gland components. In A. melliferathe queen mandibular pheromone consists of 9-hydroxy- and 9-keto-2(E)-decenoic acids. (9-HDA and ODA), methyl p-hydroxybenzoate (HOB), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-ethanol (HVA), and is responsible for retinue attraction, among other functions. In retinue bioassays with workers of A. cerana (whose queens lack HVA), ODA, 9-HDA, and HOB were sufficient to elicit maximal retinue behavior. This suggests that the known queen mandibular pheromone components detected in mandibular glands of A. cerana queens constitute the functional queen mandibular pheromone in this species. Both castes of A. mellifera produce 10- and 8-carbon acids that are functionalized at the last position in the chain, and these are the predominant compounds found in worker mandibular glands. Workers of the other species also had these compounds, along with 9-HDA and ODA that are normally not present in A. mellifera worker glands. Queens and workers of each species had a unique combination of mandibular compounds. The aromatic compounds were characteristic of queens from the cavity-nesting speciesA. mellifera (HOB and HVA) and A. cerana (HOB). These two species also had more pronounced differences in the mandibular blends of queens and workers than the open-nesting speciesA. dorsata A. floreaand A. andreniformis. Our results indicate that the more derived cavity-nesting species of Apis have evolved greater caste-specific differences between queens and workers and a higher number of queen pheromone components, compared to the open-nesting species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006365.20996.a2
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