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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    .beta.-Epimerization and .gamma.-hydrogen abstraction via homoenolate ions (1976)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 98 (1976), S. 2593-2599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00425a031
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homoenolization and Related Phenomena. V.1 Positional Specificity in Camphenilone2 (1966)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 88 (1966), S. 2787-2791 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00964a030
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic Reflection Studies of Deep Crustal Structure (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 8 (1980), S. 205-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.08.050180.001225
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect chemosterilants. 11. Substituted 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-dithiazolium salts and related compounds (1972)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 15 (1972), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00273a025
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect chemosterilants. 10. Substituted dithiobiurets (1971)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 14 (1971), S. 772-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00290a025
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pheromones and colonization: reassessment of the milkweed bug migration model (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae: Lygaeinae) (1999)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 9 (1999), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Keywords: Key words. insect-plant interactions – parasitoid host-finding – mating strategy –Oncopeltus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary. Research on insect migration has justifiably emphasized females – the so-called “oogenesis-flight syndrome”– since it is the females that place the eggs into new habitats. The large and small milkweed bugs, Oncopeltus fasciatus and Lygaeus kalmii, respectively, have featured prominently in studies of insect migration and sequestration of host plant toxins for chemical defense. Here we report that males of these species, and males of another well-studied lygaeine (Neacoryphus bicrucis), produce pheromones in glands usually considered to serve only a defensive role in Heteroptera (the metathoracic scent glands), and that these pheromones are exploited by a tachinid parasitoid as a host-finding kairomone. The pheromones are mixtures of C6 and C8 saturated and unsaturated esters reminiscent of lepidopteran pheromones, and the key compound of the O. fasciatus pheromone has now been correctly identified as (E)-2,7-octadienyl acetate. It is proposed that the concept of the oogenesis-flight syndrome for these kinds of insects should accommodate the role of males in the migration process. The hypothesis is presented that male-produced pheromones play a significant role in guiding colonization of new habitats in many heteropteran species. In addition, data are presented suggesting that there is a trade-off between the amount of pheromone produced by colonizing males and the host breadth of the species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000490050035
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of male-specific volatiles from nearctic and neotropical stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1103-1111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Heteroptera ; Pentatomidae ; pheromone ; attractant ; Euschistus ; soybean ; methyl 2,6,10-trimethyltridecanoate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Males of the Central American stink bug species,Euschistus obscurus, produce an attractant pheromone composed of a blend of compounds characteristic of North AmericanEuschistus spp. and the South American soybean pest,E. heros. The range ofE. obscurus extends into the southern United States, the species is easy to rear, and males produce an exceptionally large quantity of pheromone (〉0.5µg/day/male). These factors madeE. obscurus useful for characterizing the novel pheromone components ofE. heros without importing this pest species into the United States.Euschistus obscurus males produce methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate (61 %) in abundance, which is characteristic of North American species, and methyl 2,6,10-trimethyltridecanoate (27%), the main male-specific ester ofE. heros. The chirality ofEuschistus spp. methyl-branched esters, and field activity of synthetic formulations, remain to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059746
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acyclohexanediones from setal exudate of Hawthorn lace bug nymphCorythucha cydoniae (Hemiptera: Tingidae) (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2369-2378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hawthorn lace bug ; Corythucha cydoniae ; Hemiptera ; Tingidae ; 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[1-oxo-6(E) ; 8(E)-tetradecadienyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one ; 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[1-oxo-dodecanyl]-cyclohex-2-en-1-one ; 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[1-oxo-8-dodecenyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one ; 3,6-dihydroxy-2-acyl-cyclohex-2-en-1-ones ; setal exudate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The three major components of setal exudate from nymphs of the Hawthorn lace bug,Corythucha cydoniae, were identified as 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[1-oxo-6(E),8(E)-tetradecadienyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one; 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[1-oxo-dodecanyl]-cyclohex-2-en-1-one; 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[1-oxo-8-dodecenyl] cyclohex-2-en-1-one. An additional 10 minor components were partially characterized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012088
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pheromone hydrolysis by cuticular and interior esterases of the antennae, legs, and wings of the cabbage looper moth,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 859-866 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Antennae ; esterases ; pheromone degradation ; cuticle ; olfaction ; cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Examination was made of the hydrolytic activities of esterases obtained from the antennae, legs, and wings of 3-day-old cabbage looper moths,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), by elution and by homogenation of those appendages. Pheromone hydrolysis in 1-min assays was monitored by use of tritium-labeled (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate and thin-layer chromatography to separate the reaction products. Listed according to the activities of the esterases obtained by homogenation, the organs were antennae 〉 legs 〉 wings. In contrast, the order according to the activities of the eluted esterases was wings 〉 legs 〉 antennae. Also, the eluted enzymes were less active than the esterases obtained by homogenization. The relatively high pheromone-hydrolyzing activity present in homogenized antennae suggests that the esterases originated inside the antennae and lends support to the hypothesis proposed in earlier investigations that pheromone-inactivating enzymes may play an important role in the olfactory process, possibly by clearing pheromone from the vicinity of the olfactory receptors. The esterases detected on the cuticle, on the other hand, may function by preventing surface accumulation of pheromone. The higher measured esterase activity in homogenates of prothoracic legs than of mesothoracic or metathoracic legs suggests that the prothoracic legs, which are used to clean the antennae of debris, may function by removing and degrading pheromone from the surface of antennae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994786
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial patterns of climate and irrigation in Pakistan: A multivariate statistical approach (1978)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 25 (1978), S. 345-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Schaffung einer neuen Klimadatenbank für Pakistan wird eine Anzahl von räumlichen Beziehungen angegeben. Die klimatische Regionalisation mit Verwendung der Cluster-Analyse erweist klar die Existenz von Klimatypen zur Bestimmung einer vielschichtigen Klassifikation von brauchbarem Wert. Eine Erklärung der mit der Cluster-Analyse abgeleiteten Typen wird durch Anwendung der Faktorenanalyse erhalten. Diese weist darauf hin, daß räumliche Änderungen sich hauptsächlich aus thermischen Differenzen erklären, während Niederschlagstypen nur von sekundärer Bedeutung sind. Die erhaltene räumliche Struktur des Klimas wird zur Schätzung der Beziehungen zwischen Klimaten und Beregnung in Pakistan verwendet. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Erklärung der Dichte der Beregnungsaktivität noch andere Eingabewerte erfordert als vorhandene Klimadaten.
    Notes: Summary Drawing upon a new bank of climatic data for Pakistan a number of spatial relations are presented. Climatic regionalization using cluster analysis clearly defines the existing climatic patterns to provide a multilevel classification of utilitarian value. Some explanation of the patterns derived through cluster analysis is obtained using factor analysis. This indicates that spatial variations are largely explained by thermal differences while precipitation patterns are secondary in importance. The resulting spatial structure of climate is used to assess climate-irrigation relationships in Pakistan; it is found that explanation of the density of irrigation activity requires inputs other than accumulated climatic data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02243065
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