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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 25 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Toxic organic compounds, such as DBCP, EDB, and c TCP, that are associated with pineapple cultivation in Hawaii have been discovered in drinking water wells on Oahu. In order to reach and contaminate the Pearl Harbor aquifer, pesticides must be transported quickly downward away from the soil surface prior to complete volatilization, degradation, or adsorption of residuals. This paper assesses the role of pesticide application timing relative to subsequent rainfall-induced recharge events in determining the amount and extent of chemical leaching from the soil. A water balance model for a pineapple crop is developed to estimate the time series of recharge from two fields for which soil contamination profiles are available. In general, the amounts of DBCP, EDB, and TCP found in the soil profiles of the two fields are consistent with expectations of leaching based on an analysis of the recharge time series. The results indicate that recharge during and immediately following the application of pesticides is important in determining whether groundwater contamination will result.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 25 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In recent years, several pesticide-related contaminants have been detected in the ground waters of the State of Hawaii. Two soil fumigants previously used by pineapple growers, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropanc (DBCP) and 1,2-dibromoethane or ethylene dibromide (EDB), have been detected in several wells on Oahu and Maui. An impurity of the soil fumigant DD, 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP), also has been detected in a number of wells. DBCP, EDB, and TCP are of particular concern to State public health officials due to known and possible unknown health effects associated with these compounds.The locations of the contaminated well sites on Oahu appear to be correlated with the areas of past and present pineapple cultivation when the ambient ground-water flow pattern is taken into consideration. In addition, several large fuel pipeline leaks are located in the vicinity of the EDB contamination. In general, TCP contamination is more widespread than either DBCP or EDB contamination. TCP levels appear to be declining in Oahu water wells while EDB levels in the contaminated portion of southern Oahu appear to be increasing. The direction of temporal trends in DBCP concentration at present varies according to site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper is the second part of a two-part series concerned with assessing the potential for organic chemical leaching to a ground-water skimming tunnel in the Pearl Harbor Basin, Oahu, Hawaii, as a direct result of proposed urban development. The Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) was used, after testing with field and laboratory data described in the companion paper, to make long-term predictions of the movement of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, metribuzin, and nitrate under various recharge scenarios. The PRZM simulations revealed that, with the exception of chlorpyrifos, detectable levels of all the chemicals considered in this study may leach through the unsaturated zone to the water table from where they may eventually migrate to the skimming tunnel. The simulated concentrations in leachate reaching the water table were sufficiently low, considering subsequent mixing in the ground water, to suggest no adverse health effects. The reliability of the simulated results are laced with enough uncertainty, however, to suggest the need for monitoring for diazinon, metribuzin, and nitrate, if development does proceed. The methodology presented in this series is a first attempt at establishing a protocol for using numerical modeling, supported by field and laboratory measurements to aid in land-use change consideration in Hawaii when nonpoint ground-water contamination from organic chemicals is of concern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper is the first paper of a two-part series concerned with assessing the potential for organic chemical leaching to a ground-water skimming tunnel in the Pearl Harbor Basin, Oahu, Hawaii as a direct result of a proposed urban development. The objective of our simulation-based assessment was to provide insight into the potential for chemicals, that may be introduced to the recharge areas of the Waiawa Shaft as a result of the proposed developments, to subsequently leach through the unsaturated zone to ground water. In this paper field and laboratory results are presented for experiments designed to support the modeling effort reported in the second paper of this series. The chemical leaching experiments were conducted at two field locations. The chemicals which were applied and then monitored for their downward movement in the near-surface unsaturated zone are bromide, chlorpyrifos and fenamiphos. We found (1) good mass balance for bromide at both sites, (2) limited mobility of chlorpyrifos and fenamiphos at the field plots, and (3) good agreement between field and laboratory measured degradation rates.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words USA ; Hawaii ; numerical modeling ; salt-water/fresh-water relations ; groundwater flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le système aquifère littoral du sud d'Oahu (Hawaii, États-Unis) est constitué par des aquifères de terrains volcaniques très perméables, recouverts par des roches volcaniques altérées, et interstratifiés avec des sédiments marins et continentaux de perméabilité aussi bien forte que faible. Les roches volcaniques altérées et les sédiments sont globalement considérés comme une couverture, parce qu'ils s'opposent à l'écoulement de l'eau souterraine provenant des aquifères volcaniques sous-jacents. Les contrôles hydrogéologiques sur le système aquifère régional du sud-ouest d'Oahu ont étéévaluées au moyen d'un modèle d'écoulement et de transport sur une section transversale. Ces contrôles prennent en compte la conductivité hydraulique de la couverture dans son ensemble et les variations de la conductivité hydraulique liées à la stratigraphie de la couverture. A l'intérieur de la couverture, les variations de la conductivité hydraulique, dues à la stratigraphie ou à des discontinuités entre les unités stratigraphiques, sont le contrôle principal de la direction d'écoulement et de la répartition des niveaux et de la salinité de l'eau. La modélisation sur une section transversale a donné des résultats qui confirment l'organisation générale des directions d'écoulement, telle qu'elle pouvait être envisagée dans un aquifère littoral multicouche. L'écoulement souterrain est essentiellement vertical vers le haut dans les unités sédimentaires à faible perméabilité, et essentiellement horizontal dans les unités sédimentaires à forte perméabilité.
    Abstract: Resumen El sistema acuífero costero de la zona sur de Oahu, en Hawaii, está formado por acuíferos volcánicos de alta permeabilidad, subyacentes a rocas volcánicas alteradas, con inclusiones de sedimentos marinos y terrestres, tanto de alta como de baja permeabilidad. Al conjunto de rocas volcánicas alteradas y sedimentos se le conoce por "tapón de roca", ya que impide la descarga libre de las aguas subterráneas del acuífero volcánico subyacente. Se usó un modelo de flujo de agua subterránea y transporte de solutos en sección vertical para evaluar los aspectos hidrogeológicos que controlan el flujo regional en la zona sudoeste de Oahu. Se consideraron: (a) la conductividad hidráulica global del tapón; y (b) las variaciones estratigráficas de la conductividad hidráulica. En el tapón de roca, las variaciones de la conductividad hidráulica, causadas por la estratigrafía o por discontinuidades en las unidades estratigráficas, son las que controlan la dirección del flujo subterráneo y la distribución de niveles piezométricos y salinidad. Los resultados del modelo en sección transversal confirman la distribución del flujo subterráneo que cabría esperar en un sistema costero estratificado. El flujo de aguas subterráneas es: (a) predominantemente vertical hacia arriba en las unidades sedimentarias de baja permeabilidad; y (b) predominantemente horizontal en las unidades sedimentarias de alta permeabilidad.
    Notes: Abstract  The coastal aquifer system of southern Oahu, Hawaii, USA, consists of highly permeable volcanic aquifers overlain by weathered volcanic rocks and interbedded marine and terrestrial sediments of both high and low permeability. The weathered volcanic rocks and sediments are collectively known as caprock, because they impede the free discharge of groundwater from the underlying volcanic aquifers. A cross-sectional groundwater flow and transport model was used to evaluate the hydrogeologic controls on the regional flow system in southwestern Oahu. Controls considered were: (a) overall caprock hydraulic conductivity; and (b) stratigraphic variations of hydraulic conductivity in the caprock. Within the caprock, variations in hydraulic conductivity, caused by stratigraphy or discontinuities of the stratigraphic units, are a major control on the direction of groundwater flow and the distribution of water levels and salinity. Results of cross-sectional modeling confirm the general groundwater flow pattern that would be expected in a layered coastal system. Groundwater flow is: (a) predominantly upward in the low-permeability sedimentary units; and (b) predominantly horizontal in the high-permeability sedimentary units.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1998-08-17
    Print ISSN: 1431-2174
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0157
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1995-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0017-467X
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-6584
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1987-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0017-467X
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-6584
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1994-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0017-467X
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-6584
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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