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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ice-edge-related phytoplankton blooms following the retreating sea-ice in the marginal ice zone are frequently observed phenomena. Such blooms are generally short-lived and are followed by a strong decrease in the chlorophyll concentration towards the open ocean, generally explained by the degradation of the vertical stability. Solar heating and ice melting, which control the stability of the surface water of the north-western Weddell Sea during sea-ice retreat in spring were analysed in order to relate the spatial features of the phytoplankton ice-edge bloom in 1988 to the density field. Solar heating has little effect on the density of seawater in ice-covered areas because the thermal expansion coefficient is very low close to the freezing temperature. Outside the marginal ice zone, the temperature effect on stratification increases and the combined contribution of melting and heating on buoyancy input to the surface layer is roughly constant. As a consequence, the low phytoplankton stocks in the open ocean adjacent to the marginal ice zone, after an initial bloom peak following the retreating ice in spring, are not necessarily caused by deep turbulent mixing, in contrast to what is often assumed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven | Supplement to: Driemel, Amelie; Fahrbach, Eberhard; Rohardt, Gerd; Beszczynska-Möller, Agnieszka; Boetius, Antje; Budéus, Gereon; Cisewski, Boris; Engbrodt, Ralph; Gauger, Steffen; Geibert, Walter; Geprägs, Patrizia; Gerdes, Dieter; Gersonde, Rainer; Gordon, Arnold L; Grobe, Hannes; Hellmer, Hartmut H; Isla, Enrique; Jacobs, Stanley S; Janout, Markus A; Jokat, Wilfried; Klages, Michael; Kuhn, Gerhard; Meincke, Jens; Ober, Sven; Østerhus, Svein; Peterson, Ray G; Rabe, Benjamin; Rudels, Bert; Schauer, Ursula; Schumacher, Stefanie; Schröder, Michael; Sieger, Rainer; Sildam, Jüri; Soltwedel, Thomas; Stangeew, Elena; Stein, Manfred; Strass, Volker H; Thiede, Jörn; Tippenhauer, Sandra; Veth, Cornelis; von Appen, Wilken-Jon; Weirig, Marie-France; Wisotzki, Andreas; Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter A; Kanzow, Torsten (2017): From pole to pole: 33 years of physical oceanography onboard R/V Polarstern. Earth System Science Data, 9(1), 211-220, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-211-2017
    Publication Date: 2023-10-18
    Description: Measuring temperature and salinity profiles in the world's oceans is crucial to understanding ocean dynamics and its influence on the heat budget, the water cycle, the marine environment and on our climate. Since 1983 the German research vessel and icebreaker Polarstern has been the platform of numerous CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth instrument) deployments in the Arctic and the Antarctic. We report on a unique data collection spanning 33 years of polar CTD data. In total 131 data sets (1 data set per cruise leg) containing data from 10 063 CTD casts are now freely available. During this long period five CTD types with different characteristics and accuracies have been used. Therefore the instruments and processing procedures (sensor calibration, data validation, etc.) are described in detail. This compilation is special not only with regard to the quantity but also the quality of the data - the latter indicated for each data set using defined quality codes. The complete data collection includes a number of repeated sections for which the quality code can be used to investigate and evaluate long-term changes. Beginning with 2010, the salinity measurements presented here are of the highest quality possible in this field owing to the introduction of the OPTIMARE Precision Salinometer.
    Keywords: Author(s); AWI_PhyOce; Campaign; Date/time end; Date/time start; Method comment; Number of observations; Ocean and sea region; Persistent Identifier; Physical Oceanography @ AWI; Principal investigator; Quality code; Uniform resource locator/link to image; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1695 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-12-12
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXIX/3; Attenuation, optical beam transmission; AWI_PhyOce; Barents Sea; Calculated; Computed; Conductivity; CTD, SEA-BIRD SBE 911plus, SN T5101-C3570; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; Density, sigma-theta (0); DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; Fluorometer; Fluorometer, Dr. Haardt Instruments; Fluorometer, WET Labs ECO AFL/FL; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Norwegian Sea; Oxygen; Oxygen saturation; Oxygen sensor, SBE 43; Physical Oceanography @ AWI; Polarstern; Pressure, water; PS94; PS94/001-1; PS94/002-1; PS94/004-1; PS94/004-3; PS94/004-5; PS94/006-1; PS94/008-1; PS94/010-1; PS94/012-1; PS94/014-1; PS94/018-1; PS94/018-3; PS94/018-5; PS94/021-1; PS94/025-1; PS94/030-2; PS94/031-1; PS94/032-2; PS94/032-5; PS94/032-7; PS94/032-9; PS94/034-1; PS94/036-2; PS94/038-1; PS94/040-1; PS94/040-3; PS94/042-1; PS94/044-1; PS94/046-3; PS94/046-4; PS94/048-1; PS94/050-1; PS94/050-4; PS94/050-6; PS94/050-8; PS94/054-2; PS94/054-4; PS94/058-1; PS94/058-3; PS94/058-5; PS94/059-1; PS94/061-1; PS94/062-1; PS94/062-3; PS94/064-1; PS94/066-1; PS94/068-1; PS94/069-4; PS94/069-5; PS94/070-1; PS94/072-1; PS94/074-1; PS94/076-1; PS94/076-3; PS94/078-1; PS94/080-1; PS94/081-2; PS94/081-5; PS94/081-7; PS94/083-1; PS94/085-1; PS94/089-1; PS94/091-1; PS94/094-1; PS94/096-2; PS94/096-7; PS94/099-2; PS94/101-2; PS94/101-5; PS94/101-7; PS94/101-9; PS94/105-1; PS94/115-1; PS94/117-2; PS94/117-4; PS94/117-6; PS94/118-1; PS94/121-1; PS94/123-1; PS94/125-2; PS94/125-5; PS94/125-7; PS94/128-1; PS94/130-1; PS94/132-1; PS94/134-1; PS94/147-1; PS94/149-1; PS94/149-4; PS94/153-1; PS94/153-4; PS94/157-1; PS94/161-1; PS94/161-4; PS94/165-1; PS94/169-1; PS94/169-2; PS94/173-1; Salinity; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, potential; Transmissometer, WET Labs, C-Star
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1990261 data points
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-12-12
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXIX/3; Attenuation, optical beam transmission; AWI_PhyOce; Barents Sea; Bottle number; Calculated; Conductivity; CTD, SEA-BIRD SBE 911plus, SN T5101-C3570; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; Density, sigma-theta (0); DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; Fluorometer; Fluorometer, Dr. Haardt Instruments; Fluorometer, WET Labs ECO AFL/FL; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Norwegian Sea; Oxygen; Oxygen saturation; Oxygen sensor, SBE 43; Physical Oceanography @ AWI; Polarstern; Pressure, water; PS94; PS94/001-1; PS94/002-1; PS94/004-1; PS94/004-3; PS94/004-5; PS94/006-1; PS94/008-1; PS94/010-1; PS94/018-1; PS94/018-3; PS94/018-5; PS94/025-1; PS94/030-2; PS94/032-2; PS94/032-5; PS94/032-7; PS94/032-9; PS94/034-1; PS94/036-2; PS94/038-1; PS94/040-1; PS94/040-3; PS94/042-1; PS94/044-1; PS94/046-4; PS94/048-1; PS94/050-1; PS94/050-4; PS94/050-6; PS94/050-8; PS94/054-2; PS94/054-4; PS94/058-1; PS94/058-3; PS94/058-5; PS94/059-1; PS94/061-1; PS94/062-1; PS94/062-3; PS94/064-1; PS94/066-1; PS94/068-1; PS94/069-4; PS94/069-5; PS94/070-1; PS94/072-1; PS94/074-1; PS94/076-1; PS94/076-3; PS94/078-1; PS94/080-1; PS94/081-2; PS94/081-5; PS94/081-7; PS94/083-1; PS94/085-1; PS94/089-1; PS94/091-1; PS94/094-1; PS94/096-2; PS94/096-7; PS94/099-2; PS94/101-2; PS94/101-5; PS94/101-7; PS94/101-9; PS94/105-1; PS94/115-1; PS94/117-2; PS94/117-4; PS94/117-6; PS94/118-1; PS94/121-1; PS94/123-1; PS94/125-2; PS94/125-5; PS94/125-7; PS94/128-1; PS94/130-1; PS94/132-1; PS94/134-1; PS94/147-1; PS94/149-1; PS94/149-4; PS94/153-1; PS94/153-4; PS94/157-1; PS94/161-1; PS94/161-4; PS94/165-1; PS94/169-1; PS94/169-2; PS94/173-1; Salinity; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, potential; Transmissometer, WET Labs, C-Star
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 24525 data points
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  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Klunder, Maarten B; Bauch, Dorothea; Laan, Patrick; de Baar, Hein J W; van Heuven, Steven; Ober, Sven (2012): Dissolved iron in the Arctic shelf seas and surface waters of the central Arctic Ocean: Impact of Arctic river water and ice-mel. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117, C01027, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007133
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Description: Concentrations of dissolved (〈0.2 µm) Fe (DFe) in the Arctic shelf seas and in the surface waters of the central Arctic Ocean are presented. In the Barents and Kara seas, near-surface DFe minima indicate depletion of DFe by phytoplankton growth. Below the surface, lower DFe concentrations in the Kara Sea (~0.4-0.6 nM) than in the Barents Sea (~0.6-0.8 nM) likely reflect scavenging removal or biological depletion of DFe. Very high DFe concentrations (〉10 nM) in the bottom waters of the Laptev Sea shelf may be attributed to either sediment resuspension, sinking of brine or regeneration of DFe in the lower layers. A significant correlation (R**2 = 0.60) between salinity and DFe is observed. Using d18O, salinity, nutrients and total alkalinity data, the main source for the high (〉2 nM) DFe concentrations in the Amundsen and Makarov Basins is identified as (Eurasian) river water, transported with the Transpolar Drift (TPD). On the North American side of the TPD, the DFe concentrations are low (〈0.8 nM) and variations are determined by the effects of sea-ice meltwater, biological depletion and remineralization and scavenging in halocline waters from the shelf. This distribution pattern of DFe is also supported by the ratio between unfiltered and dissolved Fe (high (〉4) above the shelf and low (〈4) off the shelf).
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXII/2; CTD/Rosette, ultra clean; CTD-UC; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; GEOTRACES; Global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Iron, dissolved; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Polarstern; PS70/228-1; PS70/236-1; PS70/237-1; PS70/239-1; PS70/246-1; PS70/255-1; PS70/258-1; PS70/260-2; PS70/261-1; PS70/266-1; PS70/268-1; PS70/271-2; PS70/272-1; PS70/276-1; PS70/279-2; PS70/285-2; PS70/291-1; PS70/295-1; PS70/299-1; PS70/301-2; PS70/302-1; PS70/306-1; PS70/309-2; PS70/310-1; PS70/316-1; PS70/319-1; PS70/326-1; PS70/328-2; PS70/333-1; PS70/338-2; PS70/342-1; PS70/349-1; PS70/352-2; PS70/363-5; PS70/371-2; PS70/372-1; PS70/373-2; PS70/379-1; PS70/382-1; PS70/385-1; PS70/389-1; PS70/400-1; PS70/407-1; PS70/411-1; PS70 SPACE DAMOCLES
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 356 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Keywords: Calculated; CTD; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; Density, sigma-theta (0); DEPTH, water; Event label; JGOFS; Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; NAPP90-1; NAPP90-1_13-2; NAPP90-1_15-1; NAPP90-1_15-4; NAPP90-1_20-1; NAPP90-1_20-10; NAPP90-1_20-14; NAPP90-1_20-17; NAPP90-1_20-19; NAPP90-1_20-22; NAPP90-1_20-29; NAPP90-1_20-3; NAPP90-1_20-31; NAPP90-1_20-33; NAPP90-1_20-9; NAPP90-1_24-1; NAPP90-1_25-1; NAPP90-1_26-1; NAPP90-1_30-12; NAPP90-1_30-3; NAPP90-1_30-5; NAPP90-1_31-1; NAPP90-1_32-1; NAPP90-1_33-2; NAPP90-1_34-1; NAPP90-1_35-1; NAPP90-1_36-1; NAPP90-1_37-1; NAPP90-1_37-2; NAPP90-1_38-1; NAPP90-1_39-1; NAPP90-1_39-2; NAPP90-1_41-2; NAPP90-1_42-12; NAPP90-1_43-1; NAPP90-1_43-2; NAPP90-1_44-1; NAPP90-1_45-1; NAPP90-1_47-1; NAPP90-1_47-2; NAPP90-1_48-1; NAPP90-1_49-1; NAPP90-1_49-4; NAPP90-1_51-10; NAPP90-1_51-16; NAPP90-1_51-18; NAPP90-1_51-20; NAPP90-1_51-26; NAPP90-1_51-28; NAPP90-1_51-36; NAPP90-1_51-8; NAPP90-1_51-9; NAPP90-1_52-1; NAPP90-1_53-1; NAPP90-1_54-1; NAPP90-1_55-1; NAPP90-1_56-1; NAPP90-1_57-1; NAPP90-1_58-1; NAPP90-1_59-1; NAPP90-1_60-2; NAPP90-1_61-1; NAPP90-1_62-1; NAPP90-1_63-1; NAPP90-1_64-1; NAPP90-1_64-2; NAPP90-1_65-2; NAPP90-1_66-1; NAPP90-1_66-2; NAPP90-1_67-2; NAPP90-1_68-1; NAPP90-1_69-1; NAPP90-1_69-8; NAPP90-1_70-2; NAPP90-1_71-1; NAPP90-1_72-1; NAPP90-1_73-1; NAPP90-1_75-1; NAPP90-1_76-1; NAPP90-1_77-1; NAPP90-1_78-1; NAPP90-1_79-1; NAPP90-1_80-1; NAPP90-1_81-10; NAPP90-1_81-11; NAPP90-1_81-19; NAPP90-1_81-20; NAPP90-1_81-23; NAPP90-1_81-31; NAPP90-1_81-33; NAPP90-1_81-47; NAPP90-1_81-9; NAPP90-1_9-2; Pressure, water; Salinity; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, potential; Tyro
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 699040 data points
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Bottle number; Carbon-14; Carbon dioxide, total; Coulometric titration (Knap et al., 1996, IOC Manuals and Guides 29, UNESCO); CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; Date/Time of event; Density, sigma-theta (0); DEPTH, water; Event label; JGOFS; Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; NAPP90-1; NAPP90-1_13-2; NAPP90-1_15-1; NAPP90-1_15-4; NAPP90-1_20-1; NAPP90-1_20-11; NAPP90-1_20-14; NAPP90-1_20-17; NAPP90-1_20-19; NAPP90-1_20-22; NAPP90-1_20-29; NAPP90-1_20-3; NAPP90-1_20-31; NAPP90-1_20-9; NAPP90-1_30-12; NAPP90-1_30-3; NAPP90-1_30-5; NAPP90-1_37-1; NAPP90-1_37-2; NAPP90-1_39-1; NAPP90-1_39-2; NAPP90-1_41-2; NAPP90-1_43-1; NAPP90-1_43-2; NAPP90-1_47-2; NAPP90-1_48-1; NAPP90-1_49-1; NAPP90-1_49-4; NAPP90-1_51-10; NAPP90-1_51-16; NAPP90-1_51-20; NAPP90-1_51-26; NAPP90-1_51-28; NAPP90-1_51-36; NAPP90-1_51-8; NAPP90-1_51-9; NAPP90-1_53-1; NAPP90-1_57-1; NAPP90-1_64-2; NAPP90-1_66-1; NAPP90-1_66-2; NAPP90-1_68-1; NAPP90-1_69-8; NAPP90-1_71-1; NAPP90-1_72-1; NAPP90-1_81-1; NAPP90-1_81-11; NAPP90-1_81-19; NAPP90-1_81-23; NAPP90-1_81-33; NAPP90-1_81-41; NAPP90-1_81-9; Nitrate; Oxygen; Phosphate; Salinity; Silicate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, potential; Titration; Tyro; δ13C, dissolved inorganic carbon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 8044 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: Discrete seawater samples for the determination of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) were collected from CTD stations during RV POLARSTERN expedition PS117, between 15 December 2018 and 7 February 2019. Seawater samples were collected from stations that used the AWI-operated CTD, as well as the Ultra-Clean-CTD, operated by NIOZ. DIC and TA were measured using coulometric titration and potentiometric titration, respectively, on a VINDTA 3C system. Nutrients were measured with UV-Vis spectrophotometry and a continuous gas-segmented flow auto-analyser. Data for station 41 have previously been published on Pangaea and are excluded from this dataset (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.946363). Bottle data (including nutrients) from the AWI CTD and Ultra-Clean-CTD stations have already been published and are stored on Pangaea under https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.910673 and https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940209, respectively. Data quality flags follow the WOCE quality code definitions for water sample measurements. Details on sample collection and analysis methods for DIC and TA can be found in Droste et al. (2022).
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Bottle number; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Cast number; Comment; Coulometric titration; CTD/Rosette; CTD/Rosette, ultra clean; CTD-RO; CTD-UC; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Event label; LATITUDE; Lazarev Sea; LONGITUDE; Nitrate; Phosphate; Polarstern; Potentiometric titration; Pressure, water; PS117; PS117_13-2; PS117_14-1; PS117_15-1; PS117_16-1; PS117_18-2; PS117_19-1; PS117_20-1; PS117_21-1; PS117_22-2; PS117_25-1; PS117_26-1; PS117_27-1; PS117_28-1; PS117_30-1; PS117_30-2; PS117_31-1; PS117_33-6; PS117_34-2; PS117_53-4; PS117_54-2; PS117_56-2; PS117_58-1; PS117_61-1; PS117_62-1; PS117_64-4; PS117_66-1; PS117_67-1; PS117_68-2; PS117_69-1; PS117_71-1; PS117_72-3; PS117_74-1; PS117_76-1; PS117_81-2; PS117_83-2; PS117_85-1; PS117_90-1; PS117_92-1; PS117_94-1; Quality flag, alkalinity, total; Quality flag, carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Salinity; Silicate; South Atlantic Ocean; Spectrophotometry; Station label; SUIT; Surface and under ice trawl; Temperature, water; Weddell Sea; World Oceans Circulation Experiment (WOCE) quality flags according to Jiang et al. (2022)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9106 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXIX/3; Barents Sea; Calculated; Conductivity; CTD, SEA-BIRD SBE 911plus, SN T2118-C3035; CTD/Rosette, ultra clean; CTD-UC; Date/Time of event; Density, sigma-theta (0); DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Norwegian Sea; Polarstern; Pressure, water; PS94; PS94/032-4; PS94/050-3; PS94/054-3; PS94/058-7; PS94/064-2; PS94/069-2; PS94/070-4; PS94/081-10; PS94/087-1; PS94/091-2; PS94/096-4; PS94/099-1; PS94/099-3; PS94/101-4; PS94/101-8; PS94/117-3; PS94/119-1; PS94/121-2; PS94/125-3; PS94/130-2; PS94/134-2; PS94/147-2; PS94/149-2; PS94/153-2; PS94/157-2; PS94/161-2; PS94/169-3; PS94/173-2; Salinity; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, potential
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 408696 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Keywords: Arctic Ocean; ARK-XXIX/3; Barents Sea; Bottle number; Calculated; Conductivity; CTD, SEA-BIRD SBE 911plus, SN T2118-C3035; CTD/Rosette, ultra clean; CTD-UC; Date/Time of event; Density, sigma-theta (0); DEPTH, water; Elevation of event; Event label; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Norwegian Sea; Polarstern; Pressure, water; PS94; PS94/032-4; PS94/050-3; PS94/054-3; PS94/058-7; PS94/064-2; PS94/069-2; PS94/070-4; PS94/081-10; PS94/087-1; PS94/091-2; PS94/096-4; PS94/099-1; PS94/099-3; PS94/101-4; PS94/101-8; PS94/117-3; PS94/119-1; PS94/121-2; PS94/125-3; PS94/130-2; PS94/134-2; PS94/147-2; PS94/149-2; PS94/153-2; PS94/157-2; PS94/161-2; PS94/169-3; PS94/173-2; Salinity; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, potential
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 4580 data points
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