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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: The construction of multicellular organisms depends on stem cells-cells that can both regenerate and produce daughter cells that undergo differentiation. Here, we show that the gaseous messenger ethylene modulates cell division in the cells of the quiescent center, which act as a source of stem cells in the seedling root. The cells formed through these ethylene-induced divisions express quiescent center-specific genes and can repress differentiation of surrounding initial cells, showing that quiescence is not required for these cells to signal to adjacent stem cells. We propose that ethylene is part of a signaling pathway that modulates cell division in the quiescent center in the stem cell niche during the postembryonic development of the root system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ortega-Martinez, Olga -- Pernas, Monica -- Carol, Rachel J -- Dolan, Liam -- BBS/E/J/00000168/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):507-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids, Cyclic/metabolism/pharmacology ; Arabidopsis/*cytology/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Division ; Ethylenes/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Plant ; Glycine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism ; Mutation ; Naphthaleneacetic Acids/pharmacology ; Plant Roots/*cytology/growth & development/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-01-24
    Description: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) isolated from brittlestars, Echinodermata class Ophiuroidea , were characterized, as part of attempts to understand the evolutionary development of these polysaccharides. A population of chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) chains with a high overall degree of sulfation and hexuronate epimerization was the major GAG found, whereas heparan sulfate (HS) was below detection level. Enzymatic digestion with different chondroitin lyases revealed exceptionally high proportions of di- and trisulfated CS/DS disaccharides. The latter unit appears much more abundant in one of four individual species of brittlestars, Amphiura filiformis , than reported earlier in other marine invertebrates. The brittlestar CS/DS was further shown to bind to growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor 2 and to promote FGF-stimulated cell signaling in GAG-deficient cell lines in a manner similar to that of heparin. These findings point to a potential biological role for the highly sulfated invertebrate GAGs, similar to those ascribed to HS in vertebrates.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6658
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2423
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2010-02-05
    Print ISSN: 0963-9292
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-3017
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-07-24
    Description: Seawater acidification due to anthropogenic release of CO2 as well as the potential leakage of pure CO2 from sub-seabed carbon capture storage sites (CCS) may impose a serious threat to marine organisms. Although infaunal organisms can be expected to be particularly impacted by decreases in seawater pH, due to naturally acidified conditions in benthic habitats, information regarding physiological and behavioral responses is still scarce. Determination of pO2 and pCO2 gradients within the burrows of the brittlestar Amphiura filiformis during environmental hypercapnia demonstrated that besides hypoxic conditions, increases of environmental pCO2 are additive to the already high pCO2 (up to 0.08 kPa) within the burrows. In response to up to 4 weeks exposure to pH 7.3 (0.3 kPa pCO2) and pH 7.0 (0.6 kPa pCO2), metabolic rates of A.filiformis were significantly reduced in pH 7.0 treatments accompanied by increased ammonium excretion rates. Gene expression analyses demonstrated significant reductions of acid-base (NBCe and AQP9) and metabolic (G6PDH, LDH) genes. Determination of extracellular acid-base status indicated an uncompensated acidosis in CO2 treated animals, which could explain depressed metabolic rates. Metabolic depression is associated with a retraction of filter feeding arms into sediment burrows. Regeneration of lost arm tissues following traumatic amputation is associated with significant increases in metabolic rate, and hypercapnic conditions (pH 7.0, 0.6 KPa) dramatically reduce the metabolic scope for regeneration reflected in 80% reductions in regeneration rate. Thus, the present work demonstrates that elevated seawater pCO2 significantly affects the environment and the physiology of infaunal organisms like A. filiformis.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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