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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPETITION AND DEFOLIATION IN PASTURE (1960)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 15 (1960), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Field trials were carried out on a downland permanent pasture at the Grassland Research Institute, Hurley, between 1953 and 1955, to investigate the factors involved in competition in pasture undergoing periodic defoliation. Response to competition was estimated by comparing the yield of species units (either individual plants or close groups of shoots) growing normally in the pasture with the yield of matched units from which the surrounding herbage had been removed. The species studied were cocksfoot, red fescue, creeping bent, plantain, ox-eye daisy and bulbous buttercup. In addition to the estimation of normal competition for environmental resources in pastures of differing height, two special effects upon species due to the presence of surrounding herbage were investigated following unusual results from competition tests in swards under periodic defoliation. First, the influence of surrounding herbage in modifying the growth habit of a species, causing it to grow in a more erect manner, and consequently to suffer more on defoliation at a specific height than in the absence of competition. Secondly, a decreased yield after defoliation, not associated with changes in the growth habit of the species, which was ascribed to an increase in top/root ratio brought about by shading during the preceding period of competitive growth. The effect of selective defoliation of a species in relation to the herbage surrounding it was also studied. Differences in the degree of defoliation of a species and its surrounding herbage had a marked effect upon the degree of competition exerted by the latter upon the former, increasing it when the species was preferentially defoliated and decreasing it when the surrounding herbage was preferentially defoliated. The factors involved in pasture competition under periodic defoliation are listed and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1960.tb00170.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE LOCAL INFLUENCE OF CATTLE DUNG AND URINE UPON THE YIELD AND BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF PERMANENT PASTURE (1958)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 13 (1958), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A study was made of the local effects on yield and botanical composition of the herbage of cattle dung and urine applied to permanent pasture as simulated defaecations and urinations.A single application of urine had a negligible effect upon botanical composition. In the 2-ft.-diameter circle around dung patches there was an increase in cocksfoot, creeping bent, red fescue and white clover, and a decrease in herbs.Urine patches were neglected by grazing stock for short periods only. Herbage around dung patches was neglected for a period varying from 13–18 months. The effect of this neglect was to restrict the spread of white clover around dung patches in comparison with similar plots kept short by cutting.Yield response to urine in the area of deposition lasted for two cuts following application, response to dung for four cuts. An increase in crude-protein content of the herbage was recorded only in samples taken one month after application of dung or urine, and not later.Increases in crude-protein yield following spring applications of dung or urine were greater than those following autumn applications. The inferiority of autumn applications may be attributed to winter leaching of nitrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1958.tb00108.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS GRAZING TREATMENTS UPON THE BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF A DOWNLAND PERMANENT PASTURE (1957)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 12 (1957), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In spring 1952, a trial was laid down at Hurley to compare the botanical effects of five grazing treatments upon a low-fertility downland permanent pasture. The treatments were: dose and lenient rotational cattle grazing, close rotational sheep grazing and continuous grazing by cattle and by sheep. The trial was concluded in autumn 1955.Continuous cattle grazing and close rotational cattle grazing resulted in a sward with a high proportion of forbs. With sheep under the same grazing systems, grasses predominated. An intermediate grass/forb balance was attained under lenient rotational cattle grazing. Legumes contributed more under rotational grazing than under continuous grazing.The grazing treatments most favourable to the major species were: For creeping bent—both sheep grazing treatments; for ribwort plantain—all cattle grazing treatments; for white clover—all rotational grazing treatments; for cocksfoot—lenient rotational cattle grazing; for ox-eye daisy—close rotational cattle grazing; for red fescue—lenient rotational cattle grazing and continuous sheep grazing. Bulbous buttercup and rough-stalked meadow grass showed no significant response to differential grazing treatments.The relative degree of consumption by stock of individual species was estimated by comparing the yields from matched pairs of groups of shoots harvested before and after each grazing spell (rotational treatments) or of areas protected from and exposed to grazing (continuous treatments). A close relationship was established between the intensity of grazing experienced by species and their final status in the swards. Accessibility appeared to be as important as palatability in determining the degree to which individual species were grazed.The resulting swards differed only slightly in agronomic quality. The lack of any clear advantage from rotational grazing was attributed to low levels of plant nutrients, since these probably limited the development of the more valuable grasses and of white clover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1957.tb00980.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE RENOVATION OF DOWNLAND PERMANENT PASTURE II. (1957)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 12 (1957), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment, A, involving dates and methods of application of 2,4-D (amine) as a preliminary treatment in the renovation of a poor downland permanent pasture, followed by surface cultivations and sowing of S.24 perennial ryegrass and S.100 white clover, was carried out at Hurley between 1953 and 1955.In spite of initial differences in the establishment of S.24 and S.100, pre-treatment with herbicide had no effect upon the cover of sown and unsown perennial ryegrass and white clover two years later. At this date, perennial ryegrass contributed one-quarter and one-eighth, and white clover one-third and one-quarter, to the total cover of renovated and unrenovated plots respectively.The increase in dry-matter yield resulting from renovation was approximately 10 per cent. This was considered small in relation to the estimated improvement in yield brought about by grazing management and manuring in the course of the trial.In experiment B, plots receiving herbicide were given differential management and manurial treatments after spraying in an attempt to control the ingress of undesirable creeping grasses. The results indicated that this ingress could be checked by close grazing soon after spraying.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1957.tb00095.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE RENOVATION OF DOWNLAND PERMANENT PASTURE (1957)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 12 (1957), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment involving surface cultivations and seeding of poor downland permanent pasture, followed by controlled sheep grazing at two levels of nitrogen manuring, was conducted at Hurley, between 1951 and 1955.Two series of sowings were made. In 1952, establishment of spring-sown perennial ryegrass was more successful than that of summer-sown ryegrass, while in 1955 the reverse was true. Differences in establishment were attributed to the degree of competition from the original herbage and to soil moisture conditions. In spite of a relatively low establishment, development of perennial ryegrass on plots which received 5 cwt. Nitro-Chalk per acre annually following the 1952 spring and summer sowings was satisfactory. Development of white clover was satisfactory only after spring sowing without nitrogen. Cocksfoot, timothy and meadow fescue failed to establish. On the area treated in 1952, first-class pasture species (perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot and white clover) contributed, by 1955, nearly 60 per cent to sown plots receiving nitrogen, and approximately 40 per cent to sown plots without nitrogen. Without cultivations and sowing, the proportion of first-class species was approximately 30 per cent at both levels of nitrogen. The mean increase in dry matter yield due to cultivations and sowing two and three years after treatment was 11 per cent, while the mean increase due to nitrogen was 30 per cent. Both nitrogen manuring and sowing increased the nitrogen content of the herbage and the proportion of total annual yield recorded in spring and autumn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1957.tb00089.x
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  • 6
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    Intervals of superphosphate application to downland permanent pasture (1956)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1956-04-01
    Description: 1. Superphosphate, at two levels and three intervals of application, was applied to calcareous downland pasture grazed by sheep over a period of 3 years.2. At the high level, total dry-matter and crudeprotein yields were higher from a single initial application and from thrice-yearly applications than from annual applications.3. At the high level, mean herbage phosphate content and total phosphate yield were higher following a single initial application than when superphosphate was applied at shorter intervals.4. Superphosphate increased the cover of grasses and legumes and reduced the cover of herbs.5. Superphosphate affected the cover of individual species in the following manner:(a) Favourably: Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Arrhenatherum elatius, Poa trivialis, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens.(b) Unfavourably: Agrostis stolonifera, Leontodon spp., Prunella vulgaris, and other minor herbs.(c) No measurable effect: Poa pratensis, Plantago lanceolata, Ranunculus bulbosus and Crepis capillaris.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 7
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    Annual Cropping Systems in the Tropics (1981)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7428
    Electronic ISSN: 1931-0846
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    Proceedings of the XI International Grassland Congress (1972)
    Ovid Technologies
    Details
    Publication Date: 1972-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0038-075X
    Electronic ISSN: 1538-9243
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Ovid Technologies
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