ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

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Host habitat finding and host selection of theDrosophila parasitoidLeptopilina australis (Hymenoptera, Eucoilidae), with a comparison of the niches of EuropeanLeptopilina species (1991)

Alphen, Jacques J. M. ; Nordlander, Göran ; Eijs, Irene

Springer

Oecologia 87 (1991), S. 324-329

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Keywords: Parasitoid ; Host suitability ; Phylogeny ; Leptopilina ; Drosophila

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary Decaying petioles of giant hogweed,Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier, are used as a breeding site by six species ofDrosophila and the drosophilidScaptomyza pallida. The most numerous parasitoid species associated with this community isLeptopilina australis. BecauseL. australis was previously unknown in western Europe, we present the characters to distinguish it form its close relativeL. clavipes. Experiments on host species selection and survival ofL. australis showed that this parasitoid mainly usesD. limbata as host. Olfactometer experiments showed thatL. australis is attracted by the odour of decaying hogweed stalks, especially when these contain larvae ofD. limbata. L. australis is also strongly attracted by the odour of stinkhorns, a habitat in which it has never been found in nature.D. phalerata is the dominant fly species in stinkhorns, and is not a host ofL. australis. We offer a possible functional explanation for this unexpected habitat choice, by showing thatD. transversa andD. kuntzei, both species found to breed in fungi, are also suitable hosts forL. australis. We also discuss habitat choice with regard to a proposed phylogeny of theLeptopilina species in temperate Europe. Finally, we discuss niche overlap ofL. australis with the otherLeptopilina species.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00634586

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2

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Oviposition patterns of the pine weevil Hylobius abietis (1997)

Nordlander, Göran ; Nordenhem, Henrik ; Bylund, Helena

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 85 (1997), S. 1-9

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Keywords: Hylobius abietis ; oviposition strategies ; root ; soil ; egg distribution ; egg predation ; larval orientation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Spatial and temporal distributions of eggs laid by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were studied by taking root and soil samples around pine stumps on a clear-cutting in central Sweden. In addition, first-instar larvae migrating in the soil were sampled using traps baited with host-odour. Eggs were found in the soil rather than in the bark of stump roots, which previously has been regarded as the usual oviposition site. Based on an oviposition experiment and additional field observations we conclude that eggs are laid in the bark of roots only when the surrounding material is likely to dry out. We suggest two explanations for why weevils oviposit mainly in the soil, although they are known to show stereotypic behaviour when inserting eggs in stump roots: (1) egg predation by other arthropods or by conspecifics is avoided, and (2) newly hatched pine weevil larvae are better than ovipositing females at locating suitable sites for larval feeding.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003026010586

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3

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Movement behaviour of the pine weevil Hylobius abietis in relation to soil type: an arena experiment (2000)

Kindvall, Oskar ; Nordlander, Göran ; Nordenhem, Henrik

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 95 (2000), S. 53-61

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Keywords: Hylobius abietis ; movement ; habitat preference ; edge permeability ; soil ; seedling protection ; reforestation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), movement behaviour on different substrates was studied in an indoor arena using a video camera and digital image processing technique. We analysed individual variation in movement characteristics, i.e. turning angles, movement directions, and distance moved per unit time on the bare and level arena surface which consisted of mineral soil (sand) and/or humus sections in various spatial configurations. Pine weevils on humus did not turn back when they came to the border with the sand. However, most individuals moved faster on sand than on humus. Thus, the results suggest that interactions between substrate differences and individual movement behaviour may to some extent explain why pine weevils have been observed to feed less frequently on coniferous seedlings planted on mineral soil than on those planted on humus.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003965811330

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4

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Orientation of the pine weevil Hylobius abietis to underground sources of host volatiles (1986)

Nordlander, Göran ; Eidmann, Hubertus H. ; Jacobsson, Ulla ; [et al.]

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 91-100

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Keywords: Hylobius abietis ; pine weevils ; Curculionidae ; olfactory orientation ; primary attraction ; bioassay ; terpenes ; Pinus sylvestris

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Rüsselkäfer (Hylobius abietis) können auf der Erdoberfläche die Lage im Boden verborgenen Brutmaterials feststellen und Wurzeln senkrecht grabend auffinden. Mit einer neu entwickelten Methode für Laborversuche, die sich auf die spezifische Reaktion des Eingrabens zum Brutmaterial gründet, wurden das Orientierungsverhalten der Käfer und die zum Brutmaterial führenden Geruchsstoffe des Wirtes studiert. Beide Geschlechter von H. abietis reagierten gleichartig mit Eingraben auf die Geruchsstoffe des Wirtes. In Wahlversuchen zwischen gleichwertigen Anlockungspunkten kam häufig Aggregation der Käfer an einem Punkt vor. Die stärkere Ansammlung an einzelnen Stellen stand im Zusammenhang mit dem Vorhandensein einer Erdröhre zur Quelle der Geruchsstoffe. In den folgenden Versuchen wurde deshalb den Tieren jeweils nur eine Geruchsstoffquelle angeboten. Weder Weibchen noch Männchen im Boden übten eine Anziehung auf Käfer an der Oberfläche aus. Kiefernstücke und Kondensate flüchtiger Kieferinhaltsstoffe sowie Kondensat nach Passage durch die Kolonne des Gaschromatographen waren stark attraktiv. Alle durch präparative Gaschromatographie hergestellten Fraktionen des Kondensats waren ebenfalls, aber schwächer attraktiv. Zehnfache Verdünnung des Kondensats und der Fraktionen verminderte ihre Attraktivität mit etwa 40–70%. Auch Äthanol, Methanol und Pentan wurden geprüft; nur Äthanol hatte eine mässig anlockende Wirkung.

Notes: Abstract Adults of Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were found to locate conifer roots suitable for oviposition by utilizing host volatiles diffusing through the soil. Underground sources of host volatiles were presented to weevils in a laboratory bioassay. A cold-trapping condensate of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., and fractions of it were tested. Various fractions containing host terpenes attracted weevils in the bioassay, but the complete pine condensate caused the highest response. Ethanol was also found to be attractive. Weevils caged underground in the absence of host material did not attract weevils on the surface.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343495

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5

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Colonization Patterns of Insects Breeding in Wood-Decaying Fungi (1999)

Jonsell, Mats ; Nordlander, Göran ; Jonsson, Mattias

Springer

Journal of insect conservation 3 (1999), S. 145-161

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ISSN: 1572-9753

Keywords: conservation ; dispersal ; forest management ; polypore fungi ; saproxylic insects

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science

Notes: Abstract Many insects dependent on dead wood are considered threatened by modern forestry. This may partly be due to substrate patches being too widely scattered to be effectively colonized. We studied how rates of colonization by insect species breeding in polypore fruiting bodies are affected by interpatch distance and habitat matrix characteristics. In field experiments, fruiting bodies of Fomitopsis pinicola and Fomes fomentarius were put out at different distances from natural sources of insects. The anobiid beetles Dorcatoma spp. were the most successful colonizers of distant patches, and they readily flew over open fields. Cis beetles were less successful colonizers, despite their generally higher abundance. We hypothesize that the Dorcatoma spp. are inferior competitors, but superior colonizers of distant resources compared with Cis spp. The flies Leucophenga quinquemaculata (Drosophilidae) and Medetera impigra (Dolichopodidae) appeared to be more affected by distance than the beetles studied in their colonization of fungal fruiting bodies. Lower rates of parasitism were recorded on distant patches, and parasitoids appeared more affected by distance than their hosts. Most of the insect species studied can probably persist in the managed forest landscape if suitable breeding substrate is created continuously on a 1 km2 scale.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009665513184

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6

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Limonene inhibits attraction to α-pinene in the pine weevilsHylobius abietis andH. pinastri (1990)

Nordlander, Göran

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1307-1320

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Keywords: Hylobius abietis ; Hylobius pinastri ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; limonene ; α-pinene ; ethanol ; olfactory orientation ; attraction ; inhibition ; deterrent

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract The field responses ofHylobius abietis (L.) andH. pinastri (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to various combinations of two host monoterpenes and ethanol were studied using baited pitfall traps. Both species were attracted to α-pinene, and when ethanol was added the attraction increased by 5–16 times. Limonene completely inhibited the attraction to α-pinene, even when the release rate of limonene was only about 1/50 that of α-pinene. The catches in traps with α-pinene and limonene as well as with limonene alone were similar in size to catches in empty control traps, i.e., no true repellent effect was demonstrated. When limonene was added to the combination of α-pinene and ethanol on old clear-cuttings, the catch ofH. pinastri was completely inhibited while that ofH. abietis was reduced by two thirds. On fresh clear-cuttings the inhibitory effect of limonene on the attraction to the α-pinene-ethanol combination was small or absent. Some aspects of host interactions are discussed as are practical implications regarding the choice of seedling material for planting and prospects of finding deterrents for protecting seedlings from pine weevil damage.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021028

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Volatiles of Bracket Fungi Fomitopsis pinicola and Fomes fomentarius and Their Functions as Insect Attractants (1999)

Fäldt, Jenny ; Jonsell, Mats ; Nordlander, Göran ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 567-590

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Keywords: Fomitopsis pinicola ; Fomes fomentarius ; Epinotia tedella ; fungal odor ; sporulation ; insect attraction ; oct-1-en-3-ol ; octan-3-one ; β-barbatene ; sesquiterpene hydrocarbons

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract Volatiles released from fruiting bodies of the polypores Fomitopsis pinicola and Fomes fomentarius (Polyporaceae) were collected by entrainment and SPME techniques and analyzed by GC-MS. The most significant difference between the two species was found in the terpene fraction. F. fomentarius emitted a more complex blend, with more than 10 sesquiterpenes. During the sporulating phase, the release of (R)- and (S)-oct-1-en-3-ol, octan-3-one, and some sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (mainly β-barbatene) increased in F. pinicola, whereas in F. fomentarius the release of octan-3-one, cis-furanoid linalool oxide, β-phellandrene, β-myrcene, and several sesquiterpene hydrocarbons increased. β-Barbatene was identified for the first time in fungi. Chopping of the fruiting bodies altered the odor composition more in F. fomentarius than in F. pinicola. Five volatiles giving a typical fungal odor (rac-oct-1-en-3-ol, nonan-1-ol, rac-octan-3-ol, octan-1-ol, and octan-3-one) were tested for insect attraction in the field. Females of the three wood-living generalist beetles Malthodes fuscus, Anaspis marginicollis, and A. rufilabris and both sexes of the moth Epinotia tedella were attracted to rac-oct-1-en-3-ol. The generalist predator on fungus-insects Lordithon lunulatus was attracted to rac-oct-1-en-3-ol and octan-3-one in combination. Previous results regarding the host-specific attraction of beetles to the odors emanating from chopped fruiting bodies of F. pinicola and F. fomentarius are discussed in the light of this investigation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020958005023

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