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  • 1
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    GJETC report 2018 : intensified German-Japanese cooperation in energy research ; key results and policy recommendations (2022)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Description: The challenges and also potentials of the energy transition are tremendous in Germany, as well as in Japan. Sometimes, structures of the old energy world need "creative destruction" to clear the way for innovations for a decarbonized, low-risk energy system. In these times of disruptive changes, a constructive and sometimes controversial dialog within leading industrial nation as Japan and Germany over the energy transition is even more important. The German-Japanese Energy Transition Council (GJETC) released a summarizing report for the first project phase 2016-2018. It includes jointly formulated recommendations for politics as well as a controversial dialogue part. The Council jointly states and recommends that: Ambitious long-term targets and strategies for a low-carbon energy system must be defined and ambitiously implemented; Germany and Japan as high technology countries need to take the leadership. Both countries will have to restructure their energy systems substantially until 2050 while maintaining their competitiveness and securing energy supply. Highest priority is given to the forced implementation of efficiency technologies and renewable energies, despite different views on nuclear energy. In both countries all relevant stakeholders - but above all the decision-makers on all levels of energy policy - need to increase their efforts for a successful implementation of the energy transition. Design of the electricity market needs more incentives for flexibility options and for the extensive expansion of variable power generation, alongside with strategies for cost reduction for electricity from photovoltaic and wind energy. The implementation gap of the energy efficiency needs to be closed by an innovative energy policy package to promote the principle of "Energy Efficiency First". Synergies and co-benefits of an enhanced energy and resource efficiency policy need to be realized. Co-existence of central infrastructure and the growing diversity of the activities for decentralization (citizens funding, energy cooperatives, establishment of public utility companies) should be supported. Scientific cooperation can be intensified by a joint working group for scenarios and by the establishment of an academic exchange program.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 2
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    GJETC report 2020 : German-Japanese cooperation in energy research ; supporting the closure of implementation gaps ; key results and policy recommendations (2022)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Description: The German-Japanese Energy Transition Council (GJETC) was established in 2016 by experts from research institutions, energy policy think tanks, and practitioners in Germany and Japan. The objectives and main activities of the Council and the supporting secretariats are to identify and analyze current and future issues regarding policy frameworks, markets, infrastructure, and technological developments in the energy transition, and to hold Council meetings to exchange ideas and propose better policies and strategies. In its second project phase (2018-2020), the GJETC had six members from academia on the Japanese side, and eight members on the German side, with one Co-Chair from each country. From October 2018 to March 2020, the GJETC worked on and debated six topics: 1) Digitalization and the energy transition. 2) Hydrogen society. 3) Review of German and Japanese long-term energy scenarios and their evaluation mechanism. 4) Buildings, energy efficiency, heating/cooling. 5) Integration costs of renewable energies. 6) Transport and sector coupling. The outputs and the recommendations of the second phase of the GJETC are summarized in this report.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seawater-resistant, non-spherical protoplasts from seagrass leaves (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 83 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two distinct types occurred among enzymatically isolated protoplasts from leaves of eelgrasses (Zostera marina L., Z. japonica Ascherson and Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino). Spherical protoplasts with a smooth cell membrane were obtained only from young leaf tissues at the basal portions of blades protected from seawater by tightly enclosing sheaths. Non-spherical protoplasts had a highly invaginated cell membrane and were obtained from mature leaf blades, where the cells also in situ have this type of membrane. The protoplasts from mature leaves were rather rigid in shape and resistant to wide ranges of osmotic potential and salinity without change in their non-spherical shape, while the spherical protoplasts were rapidly destroyed in seawater. Detergents lysed the spherical protoplasts but not the non-spherical ones, suggesting that the highly invaginated enclosing structures of the non-spherical protoplasts contained detergent-resistant materials. Thus, the seagrass leaf cells develop seawater resistance, and this change alters the nature of the enclosing structures during the growth of the leaf blades. The non-membranous enclosing structures and their characteristic materials in the mature leaf cells remain to be defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb02467.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SiO2 thin films deposited by reactive ion-beam sputtering under ultraviolet light irradiation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 1469-1474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: SiO2 thin films have been successfully prepared on glass substrates by reactive ion-beam sputtering with ultraviolet (uv) light irradiation from a low-pressure Hg lamp in a partial background pressure of oxygen. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared transmission spectroscopy, refractive index measurements, and electron-spin-resonance measurements have been used to investigate the composition and oxygen defects in the films. The deposition process with uv light irradiation improves the film quality, that is, high densification and a high oxidation, because the chemically active O(1D) atoms produced by uv light irradiation are sure to enhance the chemical reaction for SiO2 growth. This process also makes the limitation of the suitable deposition rate increase about five times in comparison with the process without uv light. The preparation, composition, and electrical properties of the SiO2 thin films are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351240
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron trap studies in Al-Ta-O/CdSe thin-film transistors using a hot electron injection method (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 786-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Al-Ta-O composite dielectric thin films prepared by rf plasma sputtering under various conditions have been used for gate insulators of CdSe thin-film transistors. The hot electron injection method has been used for investigation of the electron trap properties in these thin-film transistors. It shows clearly that the traps are mainly due to Coulomb attractive centers, i.e., oxygen vacancies. In the best films prepared in this work, capture cross sections of 3.8×10−13 cm2 and trap densities of 1.0 ×1017 cm−3 are obtained. The relationships between gate insulator preparation conditions and the traps of the Al-Ta-O/CdSe thin-film transistors are precisely described in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351344
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electro-optic effects of electron cyclotron resonance plasma-sputtered Bi12SiO20 thin films on sapphire (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 3234-3238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bi12SiO20 thin films have been prepared on (0001) sapphire substrates by electron cyclotron resonance plasma sputtering with a Bi and Si multitarget system. The epitaxial thin films of γ-phase Bi12SiO20 have been obtained at the substrate temperature of 600 °C during the sputtering process. Excellent quadratic electro-optic effects for these epitaxial thin films were successfully observed for the first time. The details of the preparation, structure, and electro-optic properties of the Bi12SiO20 thin films are precisely described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349308
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple procedure for the isolation of pure nuclei from carrot embryos in synchronized cultures (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 10 (1991), S. 329-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Daucus carota ; somatic embryo ; nucleus ; nuclear proteins ; RNA synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A simple method is presented for the isolation of nuclei from somatic embryos of carrot (Daucus carota L.), which is applicable to small amounts of material in synchronized culture. The method employs buffers containing a high concentration of glycerol to stabilize the structure of the nuclei. Purification was carried out by centrifugation using preformed Percoll gradients. Treatment with cell wall-degrading enzymes prior to homogenization improved the efficiency of isolation and permitted a reproducible yield of nuclei. The pure preparations were obtained with an efficiency of approximately 60%. The isolated nuclei retained their morphological characteristics as demonstrated by phase — contrast and electron microscopy. Nuclear proteins displayed the expected species of histones by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The isolated nuclei showed high RNA polymerase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193152
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residual structure and constituent proteins of the peripheral framework of the cell nucleus in somatic embryos from Daucus carota L. (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 191 (1993), S. 532-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Daucus (nuclear structure) ; Nuclear matrix ; Nuclear protein ; Nucleus (structure) ; Somatic embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nuclei were isolated from somatic embryos of carrot (Daucus carota L.) using a buffer system containing non-ionic detergent. To prepare nuclear matrices, the purified membrane-depleted nuclei were digested with DNase I in combination with RNase A, followed by extraction with 1 M NaCl. The DNA residue in the final insoluble fraction was less than 4% of that in isolated nuclei, and most of the residual nuclei retained their sphericity. Electron microscopy revealed that the nuclear matrix was composed of a distinct peripheral layer, an internal matrix structure and some fibrils; residual nucleoli were observed when exogeneous RNase was not incorporated. The proteins extracted from the nuclei and nuclear subfractions were compared by gel electrophoresis, which showed that the residual fraction contained many minor proteins. To identify proteins showing specific localization at the nuclear periphery, we prepared monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against an ion-exchange chromatography fraction extracted from carrot nuclear matrices. Immunofluorescence microscopy with one of the MAbs, CML-1, showed exclusive staining of the nuclear periphery. The MAb recognized several spots showing microheterogeneity, with a narrow range of pI and molecular mass upon immunoblotting. A complete set of these spots was shown to be conserved in nuclear matrices. On the other hand, MAb CML-13 appeared to react with the nuclear interior as well as the periphery, recognizing a 96-kDa polypeptide of the nuclear matrix. These proteins were thus demonstrated to lie at the nuclear periphery, and to constitute the nuclear matrices in carrot. The 96-kDa polypeptide is suggested to be similar to the 92-kDa nuclear protein reported by Beven et al. in carrot (Beven et al., 1991, J. Cell Sci. 98, 293–302).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195755
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crack propagation behavior of cermets and cemented carbides under repeated thermal shocks by the improved quench test (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 34 (1999), S. 629-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this study, an improved quench testing method for thermal shock resistance has been proposed. Repeated thermal shock tests were performed on cemented carbides to show the advantages of the new proposed method that would enable us to estimate an intrinsic relationship between the crack propagation rate and the stress intensity factor under repeated thermal shocks. The cyclic thermal fatigue crack propagation behavior and fracture toughness values were shown to be independent of the specimen heights and the cooling media employed. We then evaluated the thermal crack propagation behavior for cermets and cemented carbides by using this method, and discussed the differences between both materials in the crack growth behavior on the basis of their microstructures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004575519293
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  • 10
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    Structural basis for DNA damage-induced phosphoregulation of MDM2 RING domain (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-29
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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