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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 79 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Nodulin gene expression is an integral and highly specific part of the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of leguminous plants. Dependent on the time of expression during root nodule development, nodulin genes can be divided into early and late nodulin genes. A brief overview of the functions assigned to early and late nodulins is presented. We hypothesize that nodulin genes originate from regular plant genes that evolved to fit the regulatory and/or physiological constraints of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Data on nodulins and nodulin genes, nodulation taxonomy and nodule development are evaluated in the light of this hypothesis.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 20 (2002), S. 19-19 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor Large-scale studies of gene expression on the RNA, protein, and/or metabolite level should greatly help to understand complex biological processes. However, it now becomes apparent that the correlation between mRNA and protein levels is remarkably and unexpectedly low; for example, ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 13 (1994), S. 282-285 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) ; Transformation ; Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; ß-Glucuronidase ; Transgene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector (pAL4404, pBI131), we have demonstrated the transfer of the β-glucuronidase gene into the flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivar Glenelg after selection for kanamycin resistance. The transformed lines were obtained by inoculation and subsequent regeneration of hypocotyl segments. The callus that formed on the cut surfaces of the hypocotyl segments was isolated three weeks after infection and was subsequently subcultured to yield shoots. This procedure generated a large number of transgenic shoots over a relatively short period of time. The transformation efficiencies obtained were the highest reported so far for this plant species.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 17 (1999), S. 269-277 
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Keywords: carnivorous plants ; CTAB (hexadecyltrimethylammoniumbromide) ; DNA isolation ; Drosera ; RNA isolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Drosera rotundifolia belongs to the family of the sundews, a large group of carnivorous plants that carry stalked glands on the upper leaf surface to attract, trap and digest insects for food. Therefore, such plants can live in relatively poor ecosystems. They are frequently used as medicinal herbs and have various other interesting characteristics associated with them. In attempts to evaluate the gene pool of these plants, we experienced that many published protocols for nucleic acid isolation failed to yield DNA and RNA of sufficient quality for analysis. Therefore, we have developed CTAB (hexadecyltrimethylammoniumbromide)-based extraction protocols for the routine isolation of high-quality DNA and RNA from small amounts of in vitro-grown Drosera rotundifolia leaves. The methods developed are simple, fast and effective. The obtained DNA could be analyzed by PCR, restriction endonucleases and DNA gel blotting, and the obtained RNA was of sufficient quality for RT-PCR and RNA gel blotting.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; flower-culture method ; intergeneric cross ; oilseed rape ; radish ; Raphanus sativus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Hybridization between radish and oilseed rape has been cumbersome, requiring elaborate embryo rescue techniques. With a modified flower culture method, we have achieved successful hybridization between radish and (transgenic) oilseed rape without the laborious and technically demandingin vitro ovule or embryo rescue techniques. The hybrid nature of the intergeneric hybrids was demonstrated using morphological traits, and DNA analyses. The described method will facilitate the generation ofRaphanobrassica hybrids useful for biosafety studies of the potential for transgenes to spread in weedyCruciferae as well as for breeding programs aimed at introducing useful radish genes, e.g. nematode resistance genes, into oilseed rape.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chlorophylla/b-binding proteins ; light-harvesting complex ; Photosystem I ; promoter analysis ; transgenic plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have isolated cDNA and genomic clones for the potato (Solanum tuberosum) apoprotein 2 of the light harvesting complex of Photosystem I, designated Lhca3.St.1. The protein shows all characteristics of the family of chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins. Potato Lhca3.1 gene expression occurs predominantly in leaves, and is transcriptionally regulated by light. One gene copy is present per haploid genome. The sequence of the 5′ upstream region was determined. Most boxes identified in the promoter sequences of genes whose expression is light-regulated recur in the Lhca3.St.1 sequence. Functional analyses of the Lhca3.St.1 promoter and two deletion derivatives in transgenic potato transformed with a promoter-GUS fusion show high promoter activity in leaves and other green parts of the plant, which depends on light. Activity is absent in roots and potato tubers. The 500 bp promoter fragment is as active as the full 2.0 kb sequence, showing that all regulatory elements are present on the smallest deletion derivative. In transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants carrying the largest promoter derivative a similar distribution of activity is found. Promoter activity is not restricted to the phloem, but also prominent in the xylem of the young stem, which contrasts with promoters of other photosynthesis-associated genes.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: patatin class II gene ; Solanum tuberosum ; transformation ; transgenic potato ; tuber-specific gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From a potato genomic library a phage lambda clone was isolated that carried nucleotide sequences of two patatin genes, thus demonstrating a close physical linkage between these two members of the patatin gene family. Sequence and restriction analysis showed the genes to be oriented in tandem. The more upstream gene was a pseudogene truncated at the 3′ end, whereas the downstream gene was a class II patatin gene. In addition to a 208 bp fragment also present in patatin class I promoters, the region in between both genes contained various direct repeats also found in other patatin genes. To study the promoter activity of this intergenic region, a 2.78 kb fragment was transcriptionally fused to the β-glucuronidase gene and reintroduced into potato cultivar Bintje. Histochemical analysis revealed expression in the outermost layer of cells of the cortex, in the tuber phellogen, in or around the root vascular system, and also in the abaxial phloem layer of the vascular bundle in leaves.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: gene expression ; photosystem II ; Solanum tuberosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: nodulin cDNA clones ; nodulin gene expression ; pea nodulins ; Rhizobium-legume symbiosis ; root nodule development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA library prepared from pea nodule poly(A)+ RNA was screened by differential hybridization with cDNA probes synthesized from root and nodule RNA respectively. From the cDNA clones that hybridized exclusively with the nodule probe five clones, designated pPsNod 6, 10, 11, 13 and 14 and each containing unique sequences, were further characterized together with one leghemoglobin and one “root-specific” cDNA clone. In vitro translation of RNA selected by the pPsNod clones showed that the corresponding genes encode nodulins with molecular weights ranging from 5 800 to 19 000. During pea root nodule development expression of the five PsNod genes starts more or less concomitantly with the onset of nitrogen fixing activity in the nodules and the time course of appearance and accumulation of the nodulin mRNAs is similar to that of leghemoglobin mRNA. In ineffective pea root nodules expression of the PsNod genes is induced but the final accumulation levels of the mRNAs are markedly reduced to various degrees. The expression of another nodulin gene, designated ENOD2, was followed using a heterologous soybean cDNA clone as probe. In pea root nodules the ENOD2 gene is expressed at least five days before the PsNod and leghemoglobin genes, and in contrast to the PsNod mRNAs the concentration of the ENOD2 mRNA is the same in wild type and fix - nodules. The results described suggest that in root nodules several regulatory mechanisms exist which determine the final nodulin mRNA amounts accumulating in the root nodule.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; nodulin gene expression ; Rhizobium ; root nodule ; sym-plasmid ; Vicia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nodulin gene expresison was studied in Vicia sativa (common vetch) root nodules induced by several Rhizobium and Agrobacterium strains. An Agrobacterium transconjugant containing a R. leguminosarum symplasmid instead of its Ti-plasmid, that was previously shown to form “empty” nodules on pea, induced nodules on Vicia roots in which nodule cells were infected with bacteria. In the Vicia nodules induced by this transconjugant, two so-called early nodulin genes were found to be expressed, whereas in the nodules formed on pea the expression of only one early nodulin gene was detected. In both cases the majority of the nodulin genes was not expressed. Apparently, an intracellular location of the bacteria is not sufficient for the induction of the majority of the nodulin genes. All nodulin genes were expressed in nodules induced by cured Rhizobium strains containing cosmid clones that have a 10 kb nod region of the sym-plasmid in common. Since in tumours no nodulin gene expression was found at all, the Agrobacterium chromosome does not contribute to the induction of nodulin genes. Therefore it is concluded that the signal for the induction of the expression of the two Vicia early nodulin genes is encoded by the nod-region, and the signal involved in the induction of all other nodulin genes has to be located outside the sym-plasmid, on the Rhizobium chromosome. The apparent difference in early nodulin gene expression between pea and Vicia is discussed in the light of the usefulness of Agrobacterium transconjugants in the study of nodulin gene expression.
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