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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A technique for in vivo labelling of Fasciola hepatica Miracidia with Radioselenium (1976)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 49 (1976), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Radioactivity is incorporated in Fasciola hepatica and its eggs when 75Semethionine is administered intraperitoneally in chronically infected mice. Maximum egg-bound radioactivity is achieved 2–3 days after the administration of the labelled aminoacid. Seventy-three per cent of the radioactivity of the egg is recovered in the free-swimming miracidium. There appears to be no altered motility or infectivity to snails of miracidia made radioactive at a level corresponding to 6 pCi per larva. Suggestions are made for the application of labelled larvae in studies on various aspects of the parasite-snail contact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445019
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoscan studies of rediae, cercariae, cysts, excysted metacercariae and migratory stages of Fasciola hepatica (1977)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 54 (1977), S. 289-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The external surface of the redial body of Fasciola hepatica is provided with microvillus-like projections or short lamellae, and short cilium-like structures are common anteriorly. The anterior part of the cercarial body possesses a pattern of regularly arranged small depressions each containing a spine. Both long and short cilium-like structures occur anteriorly. The tail is spineless and provided with dorsolateral folds. The outer cyst wall is formed by granules secreted from the tegument all over the body apart from the ventral sucker. Most granules transform into fibrillae which form the thick outer spongy layer. The precursor of the inner cyst wall is at the beginning closely attached to the metacercarial surface, but later the membrane-like cyst wall extends, and when fully formed the metacercaria lies free in the flattened circular inner cyst. The ventral plug is formed by the ventral sucker. The tegument of newly excysted metacercariae is provided with simple pointed spines, but later during migration in the mouse the spines become flattened and multipointed. Very young migratory stages may be attached with host cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390120
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental hybridization between Oesophagostomum dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum in pigs (1997)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 84 (1997), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate eventual hybridization between two nodular worm species of pigs, Oesophagostomum dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum, we used either mature, adult worms or 10-day-old fourth-stage larvae (L4) as starting material, employing a nonsurgical transplantation technique. Following the transfer of adult worms the ensuing first generation of larvae gave rise to adult worms that were found by morphological examination to be purely O. dentatum. Therefore, we decided to use the immature L4 as starting material. After the transfer of L4 to recipient pigs, fecal cultures were established and the L3 derived from the O. dentatum male/O. quadrispinulatum female cross gave rise to adult but infertile worms, which morphologically had the sexual characters of their parent generation, whereas other characteristics were intermediate between the two species. Attempts to reproduce the hybrid worms or the reciprocal cross were unsuccessful, indicating that hybridization between the two species is a rarely occurring phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050347
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study on the establishment of Oesophagostomum dentatum in pigs following percutaneous exposure to third-stage larvae (1998)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 84 (1998), S. 773-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the possibility of establishment of patent infections after percutaneous exposure of parasite-naive pigs to 10,000 Oesophagostomum dentatum infective larvae (L3). At 5 weeks after percutaneous exposure the pigs were slaughtered and low numbers of adult O. dentatum were recovered from the large intestine. In addition, exsheathed L3 were intravenously injected into pigs, which resulted in the recovery of fourth-stage larvae (L4) from nodules in the lungs as well as of L4 and adult worms from the large intestine. This study demonstrates the ability of porcine nodular worms to establish in the large intestine when pigs have been exposed percutaneously to infective larvae. It is possible that the larvae reach the large intestine by invading blood veins or the lymphatic system at the site of penetration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050486
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction betweenAscaris suum andPasteurella multocida in the lungs of mice (1992)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 78 (1992), S. 525-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In an experiment including 8 groups of 15 mice, the effect of migratingAscaris suum larvae in the lungs on the establishment and pathogenicity of aerosol exposure toPasteurella multocida was investigated. Following aerosol exposure toP. multocida, mice with migratingA. suum in their lungs developed more severe pneumonia and septicaemia than did parasite-free mice. The parasite-induced effect on bacterial pathogenicity was more marked for a non-toxin-producingP. multocida as compared with a toxin-producing strain ofP. multocida, possibly due to the higher spontaneous pathogenicity of the non-toxigenic strain ofP. multocida. The present results should encourage controlled experiments on possible interactions betweenA. suum and various airborne microbial infections in pigs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931575
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the infectivity of Fasciola hepatica miracidia to Lymnaea truncatula. Attachment and penetration of miracidia into non-infected and infected snails (1976)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 50 (1976), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fasciola hepatica miracidia labelled in vivo with radioselenium have been used in studies on the capacity of the miracidia to attach to and penetrate the tegument of infected compared with non-infected host snails (Lymnaea truncatula). The results show that the penetration of the larvae into the snail tissue is not influenced by an already existing infection, regardless of its developmental stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389933
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ascaridia galli populations in chickens following single infections with different dose levels (1997)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 83 (1997), S. 614-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In all, 3 groups of 20 Lohman Brown chickens aged 1 day were orally infected with doses of 100, 500, or 2,500 embryonated Ascaridia galli eggs, respectively. After 8 weeks, egg counts (eggs per gram of feces, EPG) were determined for all animals prior to slaughter. The gastrointestinal tracts were examined for the presence of adult and immature stages of A. galli. All groups had roughly similar worm burdens and, hence, significantly different establishment rates of 14.2%, 2.9%, and 0.5%, respectively. A significantly lower mean female worm burden was seen in the high-dose group (P = 0.02), which also showed a significantly lower level of egg excretion (P = 0.01). However, fecundity (EPG per female) did not significantly differ between the groups (P = 0.55). The mean lengths of adult worms as well as the weight of the mean worm burdens were significantly smaller in the high-dose group. This study demonstrated that single infections with varying doses of A. galli eggs influenced the establishment rate, sex ratio, egg excretion, and worm size and weight but not the worm fecundity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050306
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoscan studies of eggs, free-swimming and penetrating miracidia and early sporocysts of Fasciola hepatica (1976)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 51 (1976), S. 79-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The egg of Fasciola hepatica has a smooth surface with a slightly elevated circle marking the fracture of the operculum. The operculum and the aperture have crenated edges. The epithelial cells of the miracidium are covered with long cilia. When miracidia are vibrated in an ultrasonic cleaner the cilia of the epithelial cells of the four posterior tiers are broken off only leaving longitudinal rows of cilium stubs, whereas the cilia of the first tier are still retained. The apical papilla is provided with a dorso-ventral furrow, multiciliated pits and isolated sensory cilia. The narrow intercellular ridge is smooth, whereas the epithelial cells have small cytoplasmic knobs between the cilia. The penetration into the snail (Lymnaea truncatula) and the transformation into sporocyst may be separated into three phases. (1) Less than 1 min after attachment to the snail the ciliated cells of the anterior tier are shed and swim away. (2) The cilia of the remaining cells beat violently and after about 5 min most cilia are broken off near the cell surface. The miracidium remains for about 15 min embedded as far as the intercellular ridge receptors (lateral papillae and sheathed ciliated nerve endings). During this period extensive contraction and relaxation of the body are performed. (3) The final penetration of the snail epithelium takes about 15 min. Simultaneously with the penetration into the snail tissue the “bald” cells (epithelial cells with cilium stubs only) of the four posterior tiers loosen, form globules and fall off. The surface below the cells is smooth and in cytoplasmic continuity with the intercellular ridge and the apical papilla, and this syncytium forms the later tegument of the sporocyst. After a few days the tegument of the sporocyst is provided with microvillus-like projections and the apical papilla and sensory structures are lost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380530
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of some environmental conditions and final-host- and parasite-related factors on the penetration ofSchistosoma mansoni cercariae into mice (1979)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 59 (1979), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The capacity ofSchistosoma mansoni cercariae to penetrate mouse tail skin was studied under selected environmental exposure conditions and in relation to some parasite-and final-host-related factors. Mice were exposed to non-labelled or75Se-methionine labelled cercariae using the tail immersion technique. The number of cercariae which penetrated of the amount of tail-bound radioactivity was used to express the host-penetrative capacity of the larvae under various experimental conditions. The minimum temperature for host-penetration was 7° C. The ability to penetrate increased significantly at 10° C and 12° C and the optimum number of cercariae which penetrated was in the range between 14° C and 36° C. At temperatures above 36° C the number of cercariae which penetrated was reduced dramatically. The skin-penetration capacity was unaltered up to a salinity level of 2.4‰ while at salinity levels above 2.4‰ the ability to penetrate gradually decreased. The host-finding capacity was reduced in distilled water and in water with high levels of turbidity. A comparison of cercarial exposure in six types of water revealed comparable skin-penetration capacity. Final-host-related factors such as strain of mice, weight, sex, exposure under anaesthesia, and fixation of the tail, in general did not influence cercarial penetration. Previous heterologous infections with the nematodeSyphacia sp. or the trematodeEchinostoma revolutum had no influence on penetration. The penetration capacity of cercariae into tails of dead mice was reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00927521
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and fecundity of Oesophagostomum dentatum in high-level infections and after transplantation into naive pigs (1996)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 82 (1996), S. 364-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  This experiment was designed to examine the growth, proportion of stages, and fecundity of an Oesophagostomum dentatum population by transplantation of a known small number of worms from a high-density population into helminth-naive recipient pigs. Approximately 1,500 4-week-old worms [69% fourth-stage larvae (L4), 31% adult worms] were transplanted into each of 5 recipient pigs (group B), and these pigs, along with a group of 5 high-level-infection control pigs (group C), were killed at 4 weeks after transplantation to determine and compare the worm burdens. By 2 weeks after transplantation and throughout the experiment, fecal egg counts of group B exceeded those of group C and the fecundity of the worms was higher, though not statistically significantly so, in the transplanted worms. In the recipient pigs, all worms (approx. 70% establishment) had developed to the adult stage and were significantly longer than worms recovered from the group C pigs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050127
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