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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 528 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Primates 15 (1974), S. 55-73 
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The behavioral interactions of a primiparous lowland gorilla and her newborn female infant were observed and recorded during the birth of the infant and the subsequent 27 hours. The mother's behavior, initially unresponsive to the infant, progressed rapidly through a series of interactions that are described as preliminary to, and perhaps essential for the ultimate development of appropriate maternal behavior. The relationship between different critical activities, such as: (1) the ingestion of birth fluids by the mother and the establishment of initial contact with the infant, (2) the progression from impersonal contact to ventral-ventral contact, and (3) the coordination between the mother's and infant's vocalizations and activity preceding nursing are described, analyzed, and interpreted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Primates 24 (1983), S. 67-76 
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An orang-utan mother-infant dyad was studied for effects of separation and reunion upon the infant's behavior and the mother-infant relationship. Data were obtained during two weeks each of pre-separation, separation and reunion. Typical reflections of protest and despair were observed in the infant during separation. Initial detachment and a subsequent intensification of the mother-infant relationship occurred following reunion. The results are consistent with the view that these reactions to separation and reunion are characteristics of the biological heritage of thePrimates. Failure to observe detachment in most monkeys that have been studied seems to reflect differences between the behavior of monkey mothers, on the one hand, and great ape and human mothers, on the other hand, in response to the conditions of testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Primates 19 (1978), S. 657-664 
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Over a period of seven months four wild born adult female lowland gorillas were observed under semi-natural captive conditions. Thirty instances of contact interactions were recorded during 80 hours of observation. These interactions were segregated into categories operationally defined as connoting playful, homosexual, and affiliative activities. During observation periods the animals' labial tumescence was rated and the stage of the cycle was estimated. Metacommunicative signals were involved during playful interactions which resembled social rough-and-tumble play. Sexual interactions included partner positioning, thrusting, and usually were accomplished through ventral-ventral genital approximations. Sexual activity was also significantly related to cycle state. Contact interactions appeared to represent a specification and elaboration of a trend revealed through measures of proximity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Primates 25 (1984), S. 204-217 
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract One mother-infant dyad of each species of great ape, orang-utan, chimpanzee and gorilla, with an additional conspecific cagemate, were studied for the effects of maternal separation and reunion. High levels of agitation were observed in all infants immediately upon separation, followed by a longer period of behavioral depression with continuing, intermittent agitation. A compatible cagemate seemed to attenuate, to some degree, the behavioral depression reaction. Initial detachment following reunion with the mother occurred for all the great ape infants studied. Subsequent intensification of mother-infant attachment occurred during reunion for all three species. The findings of intermittent agitation during separation and the initial detachment upon reunion with the mother are not generally reported for monkeys, but are reported for human children. These data suggest that certain responses to maternal separation and reunion occur, to some degree, among all primates that have been studied, whereas other responses seen among apes and humans are not generally reported for monkeys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Infant development and mother-infant interactions were studied in three group-living lowland gorilla infants through the first 18 months of life. Ten modes of maternal transport of infants were identified. Of these, tripedal walk and back-ride were used by all mothers. The other forms of transport were more idiosyncratic. Almost all forms of maternal transport had ceased by 18 months. Infant motor development was found to progress rapidly through the first six months of life, with most motor behaviors exhibited by this age. Beyond this, more specialized (e.g., aggressive) motor patterns appeared.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1975-09-05
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1963-07-19
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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