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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 118 (1926), S. 194-194 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE case of a vortex ring appears to have a special bearing on the question of rotation in relation to the relativity theory. An observer regarding such a ring can establish definitely that the ring is rotating with respect to himself, but not he with respect to the ring, as in the latter case ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 1541-1544 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of InN and AlN/InN bilayers have been deposited on (0001) sapphire at a variety of substrate temperatures by reactive rf-magnetron sputtering. For all films, the c axis of the metal nitride film parallels the c axis of the sapphire substrate, and the transmission x-ray precession method has been employed to study the nature and azimuthal coherence of the in-plane heteroepitaxy. For the InN films, a mixture of textured and epitaxial grains persists up to ∼200 °C and solely epitaxial grains are observed at higher substrate temperatures, to a maximum adherence temperature of 525 °C. In contrast, the AlN/InN bilayers are epitaxial at substrate temperatures of 50 °C and above, and a uniform deposition can be retained up to 650 °C. These fundamental differences in adhesion, structure and morphology of the InN films and the AlN/InN bilayers on (0001) sapphire are also clearly reflected, for example, in the variation in electrical mobility with substrate deposition temperature.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 5950-5952 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have doped a small amount of Fe (0.5%) into the 2-1-4 superconducting oxides La2 CuO4−y and La1.85 Sr0.15 CuO4−y . Mössbauer measurements have indicated that the Fe dopants are in a high-spin Fe3+ state, but sharp differences have been found for samples before and after annealing in Ar, as well as with and without Sr. An antiferromagnetic transition at 292 K in the Ar-annealed La sample has been confirmed with both Mössbauer and magnetization measurements. The relevance of antiferromagnetism to the high-temperature superconductivity has been addressed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 4124-4126 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous alloys Fex P100−x have been fabricated by rf sputtering in the composition range 50≤x≤75. Only a-Fe75 P25 is ferromagnetic at 293 K, with its Mössbauer spectrum consisting of six broad lines. This simple spectrum differs markedly from that of c-Fe3 P. Similarly, thermogravimetric analysis yielded Tc=550 K for the amorphous phase, a value considerably lower than that of the crystalline phase (700 K). The Mössbauer spectra of the samples having x≤71 were all similar quadrupole-split doublets. Mean isomer shifts (IS) and P(H) and P(Q) distributions were determined using Window's method. The isomer shift is nearly independent of concentration in the range studied here, but differs significantly from those of the crystalline compounds c-FeP, c-Fe2 P, and c-Fe3 P. The effective quadrupole interaction is also nearly constant for 50≤x≤71, indicating a similar local Fe environment. These results contrast sharply with c-Fe2 P and c-FeP, which have different crystal symmetries and whose quadrupole interactions differ substantially both from each other and from their amorphous counterparts.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 5947-5949 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have doped Fe into the ground YBa2Cu3O7 and have discovered that the Fe goes primarily into one of the two Cu sites. At least 95% of the Fe substitutes into the Cu(1) site in the Cu-O layers between Ba layers. A high valence state of iron, Fe4+, is found to exist inside this compound. For even small amounts of Fe we see a spin-glass type of magnetic ordering of the Fe spins which we feel is associated with a tendency for antiferromagnetic couplings of the Cu(1) ions. We conclude that the Cu(2)-O2 plane is more important than the Cu(1)-O chain for the superconductivity in the 1-2-3 compounds.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3661-3663 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray scattering, magnetism, and electrical transport studies on amorphous thin films of MnxB100−x alloys with x=52 and 48 are reported. Each alloy exhibits a low-field (5 G) static susceptibility peak (10 K, x=52; 16 K, x=48) associated with a spin-glass transition. Isothermal magnetization data (6 K) are analyzed within the random anisotropy model of Chudnovsky, Saslow, and Serota. The magnetization isotherm for the x=52 alloy is dominated at high fields (〉24 kG) by field-induced moments, while for x=48 a term (αH−1/2) arising from a ferromagnet with a wandering axis prevails to the highest field strength (44 kG). Initially the electrical resistance for these Mn-B alloys decreases monotonically with decreasing temperature, reaching a minimum (Tm) at 22 K (x=52) and 45 K (x=48). For T〉Tm, a quadratic form can be effectively employed, with a negative T2 coefficient and a positive linear coefficient. The rise in resistivity for T〈Tm conforms to a −(T)1/2 law and is interpreted in terms of a disorder-induced localization transition in a correlated electron gas. Both alloys display only weakly field-dependent (to 10 kG) magnetoresistance.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-04-10
    Description: We report results of a study of Planck Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect selected galaxy cluster candidates using the Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS) imaging data. We first examine 150 Planck -confirmed galaxy clusters with spectroscopic redshifts to test our algorithm for identifying optical counterparts and measuring their redshifts; our redshifts have a typical accuracy of z /(1+ z ) ~ 0.022 for this sample. Using 60 random sky locations, we estimate that our chance of contamination through a random superposition is ~3 per cent. We then examine an additional 237 Planck galaxy cluster candidates that have no redshift in the source catalogue. Of these 237 unconfirmed cluster candidates we are able to confirm 60 galaxy clusters and measure their redshifts. A further 83 candidates are so heavily contaminated by stars due to their location near the Galactic plane that we do not attempt to identify counterparts. For the remaining 94 candidates, we find no optical counterpart but use the depth of the Pan-STARRS1 data to estimate a redshift lower limit $z_{{\rm lim}(10^{15})}$ beyond which we would not have expected to detect enough galaxies for confirmation. Scaling from the already published Planck sample, we expect that ~12 of these unconfirmed candidates may be real clusters.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-07-03
    Description: We present the highest resolution, wide-field radio survey of a nearby face-on star-forming galaxy to date. The multiphase centre technique is used to survey the entire disc of M51 (77 arcmin 2 ) at a maximum resolution of 5 mas on a single 8 h pointing with the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network at 18 cm. In total, 7 billion pixels were imaged using 192 phase centres that resulted in the detection of six sources: the Seyfert nucleus, the supernova SN 2011dh, and four background AGNs. Using the wealth of archival data available in the radio (Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network and the Very Large Array), optical ( Hubble Space Telescope ) and X-rays ( Chandra ) the properties of the individual sources were investigated in detail. The combined multiwavelength observations reveal a very complex and puzzling core region that includes a low-luminosity parsec scale core-jet structure typical of AGNs, with evidence for a lateral shift corresponding to 0.27c. Furthermore, there is evidence for a fossil radio hotspot located 1.44 kpc from the Seyfert nucleus that may have resulted from a previous ejection cycle. Our study provides measures of the supernova and star formation rates that are comparable to independent studies at other wavelengths, and places further limits on the radio and X-ray luminosity evolution of the supernovae SN 1994I, SN 2005cs and SN 2011dh. The radio images of background AGN reveal complex morphologies that are indicative of powerful radio galaxies, and confirmed via the X-ray and optical properties.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-04-22
    Description: We use the WISE -2MASS infrared galaxy catalogue matched with Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) galaxies to search for a supervoid in the direction of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) cold spot (CS). Our imaging catalogue has median redshift z ~= 0.14, and we obtain photometric redshifts from PS1 optical colours to create a tomographic map of the galaxy distribution. The radial profile centred on the CS shows a large low-density region, extending over tens of degrees. Motivated by previous CMB results, we test for underdensities within two angular radii, 5°, and 15°. The counts in photometric redshift bins show significantly low densities at high detection significance, 5 and 6, respectively, for the two fiducial radii. The line-of-sight position of the deepest region of the void is z ~= 0.15–0.25. Our data, combined with an earlier measurement by Granett, Szapudi & Neyrinck, are consistent with a large R void  = (220 ± 50) h –1 Mpc supervoid with m ~= –0.14 ± 0.04 centred at z  = 0.22 ± 0.03. Such a supervoid, constituting at least a ~=3.3 fluctuation in a Gaussian distribution of the cold dark matter model, is a plausible cause for the CS.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-02-12
    Description: The Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) survey has obtained imaging in five bands ( griz y P1 ) over 10 Medium Deep Survey (MDS) fields covering a total of 70 square degrees. This paper describes the search for apparently hostless supernovae (SNe) within the first year of PS1 MDS data with an aim of discovering superluminous supernovae (SLSNe). A total of 249 hostless transients were discovered down to a limiting magnitude of M AB  ~ 23.5, of which 76 were classified as Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). There were 57 SNe with complete light curves that are likely core-collapse SNe (CCSNe) or type Ic SLSNe and 12 of these have had spectra taken. Of these 12 hostless, non-Type Ia SNe, 7 were SLSNe of type Ic at redshifts between 0.5 and 1.4. This illustrates that the discovery rate of type Ic SLSNe can be maximized by concentrating on hostless transients and removing normal SNe Ia. We present data for two possible SLSNe; PS1-10pm ( z  = 1.206) and PS1-10ahf ( z  = 1.1), and estimate the rate of type Ic SLSNe to be between $3^{+3}_{-2}\times 10^{-5}$ and $8^{+2}_{-1}\times 10^{-5}$ that of the CCSN rate within 0.3 ≤  z  ≤ 1.4 by applying a Monte Carlo technique. The rate of slowly evolving, type Ic SLSNe (such as SN2007bi) is estimated as a factor of 10 lower than this range.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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